Additional file 1: of Molecular characterization of hepatitis B virus in Vietnam

Geolocation mapping of the 135 chronic HBV patients enrolled in the study. Description: Addresses of each enrolled patient were mapped by QGIS v2.18 at ward level. Geolocation of wards of genotype B patients are marked red, genotype C patients as blue and wards with patients of both genotype B and C are marked as green (DOCX 319 kb

Additional file 3: of Molecular characterization of hepatitis B virus in Vietnam

HBV reference isolates_180817. The HBV reference genome sequence and sequences isolated from Vietnam in this study used for phylogentic analysis. Gene Bank accession number and subgenotype of the reference sequences used for phylogenetic analysis. Gene Bank accession number and subgenotype of the HBV isolates from this study. (DOCX 12 kb

Additional file 2: of Molecular characterization of hepatitis B virus in Vietnam

Recombination analysis. Recombination analysis of the HBV isolates from this study using RDP4 v 4.85 program. Recombination analysis of the 92 HBV isolates from this study using RDP4 v 4.85 program. An isolate was considered recombinant if detected by 5 out of 6 program (RDP, BootScan, Max Chi, Chimaera, SisScan and Topol). Recombinant isolate, minor parents and identity, recombinant break points, size of the recombinant fragment and location of the recombination are presented. (PPTX 141 kb

Demographic and clinical characteristics of study cohort.

<p>PICU, Pediatric Intensive Care Unit; PRW, Pediatric Respiratory Ward. Values in bold and underline indicate statistical significance (p< 0.05).</p>1<p>p value Fisher's exact  =  0.001.</p>2<p>p value Fisher's exact  =  0.008.</p>3<p>p value Fisher's exact  =  0.01.</p>4<p>p value Mann-Whitney'test  = 0.003.</p>5, 6, 7<p>Fast breathing, wheezing and crepitations (p value Fisher's exact  =  0.001).</p>8<p>p value Fisher's exact  =  0.001.</p>9<p>p value Fisher's exact  =  0.001.</p>10<p>p value of Fisher's test  = 0.001.</p

Summary of associations between clinical characteristics and viral single/co-infection or viral positive cases and viral negative cases.

<p>Percentages were calculated based on the fraction of patients having a specific symptom within each group.</p>a<p>Median (IQR) of age of each group.</p>b<p>fast breathing was defined according to the standard WHO <a href="http://www.plosone.org/article/info:doi/10.1371/journal.pone.0018176#pone.0018176-Peter1" target="_blank">[15]</a>.</p>c<p>Median (IQR) of duration of hospitalization (days).</p>d<p>Number and percentage of patients having duration of hospitalization lasted longer than 7 days.</p

Primers and probes used in monoplex real-time RT-PCRs to detect HBoV, enterovirus and hCoV-NL63.

<p>Primers and probes used in monoplex real-time RT-PCRs to detect HBoV, enterovirus and hCoV-NL63.</p

Number of cases enrolled and total numbers of ARI children hospitalized in HTD, November 2004 to January 2008.

<p>Number of cases enrolled and total numbers of ARI children hospitalized in HTD, November 2004 to January 2008.</p

Diagnostic sensitivity and efficacy of respiratory specimens and combined nasal-throat (NT) swabs by viral etiology.

<p>Underlined and bold numbers indicate significant differences in paired values by McNemar's test:</p>i<p>between nasal swabs and NPA (p = 0.05);</p>ii<p>between NPA and throat swabs (p = 0.006);</p>iii<p>between nasal swabs and throat swabs (p = 0.01);</p>iv<p>between throat swabs and NPA (p = 0.02);</p>v<p>between NT swabs and NPA ( = 0.001).</p><p>*refers to the total number of positive cases, defined as the detection of any viral pathogen in any specimen per patient.</p>#<p>refers to cases in whose samples enterovirus or human rhinovirus A was detected.</p

Age group distribution of viral etiologies.

<p>Percentages were calculated based on the fraction of study population within each age group. (Note, age data was not available for one case.)</p

Proportion of RSV and hMPV positive cases recruited each month from November 2004 to January 2008.

<p>Time in months is displayed on the X-axis and the percentage of positive cases of each virus among all cases recruited in that month on the y-axis.</p