Utilización de servicios no financieros de apoyo a las empresas para contribuir al desarrollo de las Pequeñas y Medianas Empresas (PYMEs) en Tanzania

[ENG] A variety of factors inhibit the development of MSMEs in African countries, which in turn affects entrepreneurship, job creation and economic transformation. Using cross-sectional data from 250 MSMEs in the Dar es Salaam region, we find in most of the examined variables the positive relationship between the use of non-financial business support services (BDS) and the development of MSMEs in the Dar es Salaam region. However, contrary to expectations, building business linkages and mentoring programs recorded negative relationships with MSMEs development. This is related to restricted capacities stemming from the size of MSMEs compared to large companies and deficiencies in the content of mentoring programs. In addition, the discrepancy between BDS demand and supply as well as the low adoption rate of BDS are associated with the inadequate adaptation of BDS to the needs of MSMEs, high service costs and a lack of qualified service providers. Thus, we argue that the provision of BDS to MSMEs should be demand-driven and that institutions should build on the pre-eminent characteristics of MSMEs when designing business support programs. On the other hand, Government efforts to nurture the development of MSMEs through policies and programs should extend to promoting business linkages between MSMEs and large enterprises.[SPA] Diversos factores inhiben el desarrollo de las MIPYMES en los países africanos, lo que a su vez afecta al emprendedurismo, la creación de empleo y la transformación económica. Utilizando datos transversales de 250 PYMEs de la región de Dar es Salaam, encontramos que en la mayoría de las variables examinadas existe una relación positiva entre el empleo de Servicios de Desarrollo Empresarial (SDE) y el desarrollo de las PYMEs en la región de Dar es Salaam. Sin embargo, en contra de lo esperado, la creación de vínculos empresariales y los programas de tutoría registraron relaciones negativas con el desarrollo de las PYMEs. Esto está relacionado con las restricciones de capacidad derivadas del tamaño de las PYMEs en comparación con las grandes empresas, además de las deficiencias en el contenido de los programas de tutoría. También, el desajuste entre la demanda y la oferta de SDE, así como la baja tasa de adopción de los SDE, se explican por: los SDE prestados no se ajustan a las necesidades de las PYMEs, a los elevados costes de los servicios y a la escasez de proveedores de servicios cualificados. Por lo tanto, sostenemos que la prestación de SDE a las PYMEs debe estar orientada a la demanda y que las instituciones deben basarse en las características preeminentes de las PYMEs al diseñar los programas de apoyo empresarial.Por otra parte, los esfuerzos del gobierno para fomentar el desarrollo de las PYMEs a través de políticas y programas deberían extenderse a la promoción de los vínculos empresariales entre las PYMEs y las grandes empresas

Managerial Skills for Micro, Small and Medium-sized Enterprises (MSMEs)

Effective managerial skills can play a key role in the internal governance of micro and small businesses in Africa, enabling them to survive, compete and thrive in a dynamic business environment. However, due to the low absorption capacity, many micro and small entrepreneurs and managers lack the necessary managerial skills. We collected data from MSMEs owners and managers in Tanzania to examine the managerial skills required and their effect on business performance based on thematic content analysis and regression analysis. The results show that the managerial skills of MSMEs owners and managers have a significantly positive effect on MSMEs performance, in particular, financial management, marketing, human relations, and entrepreneurial skills were crucial skills in running small businesses successfully. However, financial management, marketing and entrepreneurial skills were the main skills gaps for many MSMEs owners and managers, suggesting that education, mentoring, and training in these areas for MSMEs owners and managers need to be strengthened. This study argues that since young people form the majority of the stakeholders running small businesses, targeted policies and strategies to promote entrepreneurship among young people through entrepreneurial learning and experiences can help instil an entrepreneurial mindset, one of the crucial skills in small business management

Economic Reforms in East African Countries: The Impact on Government Revenue and Public Investment

In the empirical literature on the revenue consequences of trade liberalization, most studies have focused on cross-country analysis. Because these studies are static in nature, they have not addressed the short-run and long-run dynamic public revenue and public investment consequences of economic reforms in developing countries. This dissertation contributes to the literature employing a dynamic time series analysis of the three East African countries-Tanzania, Kenya and Uganda. The dissertation uses a co-integration and error-correction framework to distinguish between short-run and long-run relationships. The results indicate that trade reforms in Tanzania, Kenya and Uganda had varying impacts on government revenue, tax performance and public investment spending in these three countries. It is demonstrated that trade reforms had adverse impact on government revenue in Uganda, but not in Tanzania and Kenya. The results also show that Tanzania has had the weakest overall tax revenue and public investment. Poor tax performance and erratic revenue generation have been problems in all three countries, contributing to adverse impacts on public investment spending

Effects of industrialization on Tanzania’s economic growth: a case of manufacturing sector

Abstract This article examines the impact of industrialization on economic growth in Tanzania focusing on the drivers of structural changes in the manufacturing sector. We apply the vector error correction model based on a parsimonious model covering the period from 1970 to 2017. Our results demonstrate the existence of a positive relationship between the manufacturing sector through its value added and economic growth in Tanzania. We have also observed a similar pattern of relationship in other sectors of the economy such as construction, agriculture, and services. Furthermore, the interaction model shows that foreign direct investment inflows and net domestic credit are the drivers of manufacturing growth. However, the real exchange rate coefficient is negative and significant, suggesting that it has had a negative impact on manufacturing output. The results are consistent with postulations of economic models found in economic growth theories. The article also presents some policy implications regarding the need for consistent policy implementation in the manufacturing sector and further improvement of the investment climate