Roughness with a finite correlation length in the Microtrap

We analyze the effects of roughness in the magnitude of the magnetic field produced by a current carrying microwire, which is caused by geometric fluctuation of the edge of wire. The relation between the fluctuation of the trapping potential and the height that atom trap lies above the wire is consistent with the experimental data very well, when the colored noise with a finite correlation length is considered. On this basis, we generate the random potential and get the density distribution of the BEC atoms by solving the Gross-Pitaevskii equation, which coincides well with the experimental image, especially in the number of fragmentations. The results help us further understand the nature of the fluctuation and predict the possible application in the precise measurement.Comment: 6 pages, 7 figure

The Effects of Household Conditions on Wife's Employment Status in Hong Kong

This paper addresses the effects of household conditions on married women's employment status in Hong Kong. Using population census data in Hong Kong, labor force participation and working wives' earnings are examined to evaluate married women's employment status. Findings from multivariate logit analysis reveal that wives' participations in labor market are significantly negatively associated with extreme low or high household income while the differences caused by such association is not significant for wives from the two middle quartiles. Considering the effects on wife's earnings, OLS regression analysis shows a small positive association between household income excluding wives' earnings and working wives' earnings

Internet use, depression, and cognitive outcomes among Chinese adolescents

This study provides new evidence on how the growingly significant digital life shapes Chinese adolescents' cognitive and mental health outcomes based on their gender, parental education, and geographical location. Using the China Education Panel Survey, a nationally representative survey following 12–15-year-old students in 2013 and 2014, and individual fixed-effect models, we find that more time spent on the Internet is associated with higher self-reported depression scores. This negative impact on mental health is more substantial for girls, those with less-educated parents, and those living outside the city center. The link between Internet use and cognitive development is almost null. Time spent online negatively affects Chinese young adolescents' subjective well-being but has little impact on their cognitive development. The link between Internet use time and subjective well-being also depends on gender, parental education, and the geographical location of those adolescents. The heterogeneous impacts of Internet use time offer crucial new evidence to the multiple dimensions of the digital divide among adolescents in China

A New Family Equilibrium? Changing Dynamics between the Gender Division of Labor and Fertility in Great Britain, 1991-2017

BACKGROUND There has recently been a heated debate about the relationship between gender equality and fertility. The macro-level relationship between female labor force participation and fertility has changed from negative to positive. At the micro-level, a traditional gender role setting between spouses is still largely considered to be conducive to fertility. OBJECTIVE How has the relationship between the couple-level gender division of labor and fertility changed over the last 26 years in Great Britain? METHODS Data is from the harmonized Understanding Society and the British Household Panel Study. We first identify different levels of traditionalism in the division of labor by using latent class analysis. We then employ couple-level fixed-effect logistic regressions to analyze the reciprocal relationship between the gender division of labor and fertility. RESULTS From 1991 to 2017, the positive, reciprocal association between the traditional division of labor and fertility has been significantly weakening over time. Couples are less likely to adopt the male-breadwinner model when they have more children, and couples who adopt the male-breadwinner model are no longer more likely to have a new child from 2009 onward. CONTRIBUTION We take both spouse’s market work and domestic work and their combinations into account to measure the gender division of labor. This measurement and the use of fixed effect regressions enable a comprehensive and rigorous evaluation of the micro-level relationship between the division of labor and fertility. The time-varying association between the gendered division of labor and fertility provides important evidence of a changing family equilibrium in Britain. Egalitarian gender roles within a family are no longer a barrier to fertility

Gender and intergenerational support in East Asian families

This review essay summarizes recent research on the topics of gender inequalities, family obligations, and intergenerational support in East Asia. We introduce four papers featured in a special issue published in 2021 and 2022 in this journal. We conclude by highlighting the continual importance of intergenerational support and family obligations in East Asian societies. We foresee that families and gender relations in East Asia will continue to evolve with characteristics of both modern gender egalitarian values and traditional family responsibilities. We call for more research on the topics and recommend that future research should investigate the intersection of gender and other dimensions of social inequality, employ advanced research methods, and examine the impacts of recent policies on gender and family

Intergenerational co-residence and young couple’s time use in China

Intergenerational families play an important role in providing informal care and support. However, how the intergenerational living arrangements shape the time allocation of young couples remains unclear, and a more comprehensive analysis, where downward support and upward support are distinguished, is needed. Using the “2008 Chinese Time Use Survey” and the seemingly unrelated regression, we document how paid work time, housework and adult care time, and childcare time differ for working-age couples who live with none, relatively young, and relatively old parents. We find that the direction of support changes according to the age of the coresident parents. Compared with those who do not live with parents, couples who live with relatively young parents spend less time on housework and adult care, and those who live with relatively old parents have less paid work time, more housework and adult care time, and those rural wives living with elderly parents even spend less time on childcare. These findings highlight the importance of distinguishing the direction of help for studying intergenerational families and the high time cost of adult care in China

Country differences in the link between gender-role attitudes and marital centrality: Evidence from 24 countries

This study investigates factors that could explain why the association between the egalitarian gender-role attitudes and the attitudes toward the importance of marriage (marital centrality) differs across societies. Using data from the International Social Survey Programme for 24 countries in 2002 and 2012 and multilevel modeling, we explore whether the Gender Revolution and the Second Demographic Transition frameworks could explain the country-level differences in the association between gender-role attitudes and marital centrality. We find that the negative association between the egalitarian gender-role attitudes and marital centrality is stronger in countries with a higher gender equality level and a higher fertility level. This work highlights the importance of considering the progress of the gender revolution and the second demographic transition to understand the relationship between gender equality and family formation