RGB color composite using vegetation fraction maps of 1990 (R), 2002 (G) and 2010 (B).

<p>The typical examples demonstrated are (a) the study area, (b) Xixi National Wetland Park, (c) the urban center, (d) residential communities and (e) the Xiasha suburban college town. Colors for the typical compositions of the vegetation fractions on the three dates are illustrated. H represents high vegetation fraction and L represents low vegetation fraction.</p

Concentric vegetation coverage analysis in each belt for each year.

<p>(a) Average vegetation fraction (AVF), (b) percentage of area of high coverage pixels, (c) percentage of area of middle-high coverage pixels, (d) percentage of area of middle coverage pixels, and (e) percentage of area of low coverage pixels.</p

Spatial characteristics of the vegetation fraction change from the urban center over the two periods.

<p>(a) 1990–2002 and (b) 2002–2010. The vegetation change categories are shown by the different colors in the legend.</p

A map of the study area, i.e., Hangzhou city proper.

<p>A map of the study area, i.e., Hangzhou city proper.</p

Comparisons between the reference and modeled fractions.

<p>(<b>a</b>) Vegetation fraction scatter plot for 2010, (<b>b</b>) vegetation fraction residuals for 2010, (<b>c</b>) vegetation fraction scatter plot for 2002, and (<b>d</b>) vegetation fraction residuals for 2002. Perfect agreement, represented by the 1∶1 line, is displayed in the scatter plots. The best-fit line is displayed in the residual plots to indicate the general trends of overestimation and underestimation.</p

Total percent vegetated area and changes from 1990 to 2010 for the study area and the two scenic spots.

<p>TPVA is the total percent of vegetated area, XNWP is the Xixi National Wetland Park, and WLSS is the West Lake Scenic Spots.</p><p>Total percent vegetated area and changes from 1990 to 2010 for the study area and the two scenic spots.</p