Food Labels: Implications for U.S. Agricultural Imports

Labels have been used to make food attributes transparent and to satisfy the increasing consumer demand for information about food credence values. Several types of prevalent U.S. food labels, their contributions, and the regulatory agencies behind them are examined in this paper. Additionally, studies dealing with the willingness-to-pay (WTP) for labeled products and the use of food labels as nontariff trade barriers are discussed. While unilateral labeling requirements are identified as a major form of non-tariff trade barriers, positive media influence and trust in the government and science are important factors that affect consumer WTP for food credence characteristics.consumer willingness-to-pay, food credence characteristics, food labeling, non-tariff trade barrier, Agribusiness, Consumer/Household Economics,

Competitiveness of U.S. Meats in Japan and South Korea: A Source Differentiated Market Study

The restricted source differentiated almost ideal demand system (RSDAIDS) is used to estimate the parameters of the Japanese and South Korean source differentiated meat demand models. Expenditure and own-price elasticities indicate that Japanese beef, Canadian and Danish pork, and Brazilian and Thai poultry have a competitive advantage in Japan. The BSE outbreak in Japan decreased the shares of Japanese and U.S. beef. Regarding South Korea, the results indicate that imported beef from the U.S. and Australia, Danish pork, and South Korean and Thai poultry have a competitive advantage. The U.S. BSE outbreak decreased the market shares of U.S. beef in the South Korean beef market.BSE, competitive advantage, FMD, Japanese meat demand, RSDAIDS, South Korean Meat Demand, Demand and Price Analysis,

NAFTA Impacts on the U.S. Competitiveness and Trade: Beef, Pork, and Poultry

The restricted source differentiated almost ideal demand system (RSDAIDS) is used to estimate source differentiated meat demand for U.S. NAFTA partners. In the Canadian meat market, the estimated price and expenditure elasticities indicate that Canadian beef has a competitive advantage compared to U.S. beef, while U.S. pork has a competitive advantage compared to Canadian pork. In the Mexican meat market, the estimated expenditure elasticities indicate that an increase in Mexican meat expenditures would lead to an increase in the demand for meats from all sources. Seasonality and Canadian and U.S. BSE outbreaks had small impacts on Canadian and Mexican meat demand.AIDS, BSE impacts, Competitive advantage, Canadian meat demand, Mexican meat demand, source differentiation, International Relations/Trade,

Global demand for U.S. meats

Scope and Method of Study: This study is composed of three chapters. The first and second chapters assess the competitiveness of U.S. meats in the major U.S. export markets and in the U.S. domestic market, respectively, taking into account the effects of seasonality and animal disease outbreaks (Bovine Spongiform Encephalopathy-BSE and foot-and-mouth disease-FMD). The restricted source differentiated almost ideal demand system (RSDAIDS) is used to estimate Canadian, Japanese, Mexican, South Korean, and U.S. demand models. The objective of the third chapter is to estimate the welfare impacts of beef and pork promotions, country of origin labeling (COOL), and the Japanese and South Korean bans of U.S. beef on producers and marketers of U.S. meats. An equilibrium displacement model is built and used to estimate welfare measures.Findings and Conclusions: The results of the first chapter show that Japanese beef, Danish pork and Brazilian poultry have the most to gain from an expansion of the Japanese meat market. BSE outbreak in Japan decreased the shares of U.S. and Japanese beef. The results of South Korean demand model indicate that U.S. and Australian beef, Danish pork, and Thai poultry have a competitive advantage. BSE outbreak in the U.S. decreased the shares of U.S. beef. For the Canadian demand model, the results show that U.S. and Canadian beef, and U.S. pork have a competitive advantage. Canadian BSE outbreak decreased the shares of Canadian beef. Regarding Mexican meat demand, the results suggest that an increase in Mexican meat expenditures is expected to increase demand for meats from all sources. Results of the second chapter indicate that U.S. fed beef and Canadian beef, rest-of-the world pork, and U.S. poultry would benefit from an increase in U.S. meat expenditures. The results of the third chapter indicate that beef and pork promotions increases welfare of meat industry with beef and pork benefiting the most. COOL will decrease welfare of beef and pork industries unless accompanied with an increase in demand. Bans on U.S. beef decrease the welfare of producers and marketers of U.S. beef and increase the welfare of producers and marketers of competing beef products

Welfare Impacts of BSE-Driven Trade Bans

There is often a need to respond quickly to assess the likely implications of policy changes. Here, an equilibrium displacement model is adapted to study international bans on U.S. beef. An equilibrium displacement model offers a convenient way of quickly predicting the effects of supply and demand shocks. The equilibrium displacement model used here has an international sector, which allows the study of issues that past models with only a domestic sector could not. The estimated welfare loss of U.S. beef producers, due to both Japanese and South Korean bans after the discovery of bovine spongiform encephalopathy (BSE) in the United States, is $565.31 million.equilibrium displacement, international trade, meat, trade ban, welfare, Marketing,

Welfare Implications of Selected Supply and Demand Shocks on Producers and Marketers of U.S. Meats

An equilibrium displacement model is developed and used to estimate the welfare impacts of government and industry-funded promotion programs, country of origin labeling (COOL), and the disease-driven, international bans on U.S. beef. The model goes beyond past studies by including the U.S. domestic market and both U.S. meat imports and exports, with meats differentiated by source of origin. The results indicate that while the benefits from beef and pork promotions are higher, the negative impacts of COOL are lower in a model with international trade than in a model without trade. International bans on U.S. beef decrease the welfare of producers and marketers of U.S. beef.beef ban, country of origin, equilibrium displacement model, pork, poultry, promotion, Demand and Price Analysis,

GLOBAL DEMAND FOR U.S. MEATS By

ii PREFACE This dissertation is composed of three chapters. The first chapter (demand for U.S. meats in major U.S. export markets) consists of three essays, about demand for U.S. meats including meats from other sources in the major foreign markets of U.S. produced meats. The first essay, “Competitiveness of Meats from Different Sources in Japan: a Source Differentiated Market Study ” estimates a meat demand system for Japan, differentiating meats by type and source of origin and taking into account the impacts of seasonality, the 2000 foot-and-mouth disease (FMD), and 2001 bovine spongiform encephalopathy (BSE) outbreaks in Japan. The results of this study show that Japanese beef has the most to gain from an increase in Japanese meat expenditures. in the pork market, the results show that Danish and Canadian pork have a competitive advantage in the Japanese pork market; while poultry from brazil has the most to gain from an increase in Japanese meat expenditures. The second essay, “Demand for Meats from Different Sources in South Korea: A Source Differentiated Market Study ” estimates a meat demand system for South Korea, differentiating meats by type and source of origin and taking into account the impacts o

A Source-Differentiated Analysis of U.S. Meat Demand

The Rotterdam model is used to estimate U.S. source-differentiated meat demand. Price and expenditure elasticities indicate that U.S. grain-fed beef and U.S. pork have a competitive advantage in the U.S. beef and pork markets, respectively. Expenditure elasticities reveal that beef from Canada has the most to gain from an expansion in U.S. meat expenditures, followed by ROW pork, U.S. grain-fed beef, and U.S. poultry. BSE outbreaks in Canada and the United States are shown to have small impacts on meat demand, while seasonality is found to have a significant effect in determining U.S. meat consumption patterns

Competitiveness of U.S. Meats in Japan and South Korea: A Source Differentiated Market Study

The restricted source differentiated almost ideal demand system (RSDAIDS) is used to estimate the parameters of the Japanese and South Korean source differentiated meat demand models. Expenditure and own-price elasticities indicate that Japanese beef, Canadian and Danish pork, and Brazilian and Thai poultry have a competitive advantage in Japan. The BSE outbreak in Japan decreased the shares of Japanese and U.S. beef. Regarding South Korea, the results indicate that imported beef from the U.S. and Australia, Danish pork, and South Korean and Thai poultry have a competitive advantage. The U.S. BSE outbreak decreased the market shares of U.S. beef in the South Korean beef market

Food Labels: Implications for U.S. Agricultural Imports

Labels have been used to make food attributes transparent and to satisfy the increasing consumer demand for information about food credence values. Several types of prevalent U.S. food labels, their contributions, and the regulatory agencies behind them are examined in this paper. Additionally, studies dealing with the willingness-to-pay (WTP) for labeled products and the use of food labels as nontariff trade barriers are discussed. While unilateral labeling requirements are identified as a major form of non-tariff trade barriers, positive media influence and trust in the government and science are important factors that affect consumer WTP for food credence characteristics