225 research outputs found
On spiders associated with dead trunks : investigations in a semi-natural woodland in North-West Germany
The communities of bark-dwelling spiders and false scorpions on standing trunks of living and dead oaks (Quercus robur) of various stages were studied in an ancient woodland in the lowland of NW-Germany. The investigations were carried out from march to october 1996 by use of 28 emergence traps. For comparative purpose one stem-eclector was used. All traps were installed at a height of 2 meters. The appropriateness of these methods for collecting spiders is discussed. A total of 1828 spiders (41 species) and 57 false scorpions (1 species) were encountered. Abundance gradients are analysed with regard to bark-structure, insolation and age of the dead wood. Three species are first recorded in the NW-German Plain: Dipoena torva, Haplodrassus cognatus and Synema globosum. Hitherto the predominant spiders Thyreosthenius parasiticus and Haplodrassus cognatus have not been found on bark abundantly. Thus, the structure of the bark-dwelling fauna varies considerably with region, biotope structure and historical aspects. The occurence of Dendrochemes cymeus, which in Britain is associated with ancient woodlands, indicates that this species could be restricted to such woodlands in Northern Germany, too.Von MĂ€rz bis Oktober 1996 wurde die Stammfauna an stehendem Eichentotholz verschiedenen Absterbedatums im niedersĂ€chsischen Naturwald Pretzetzer Landwehr untersucht. Es kamen 28 in 2m Hohe installierte Borkenemergenzeklektoren zum Einsatz. FĂŒr Vergleichszwecke wurden auch gesunde BĂ€ume beprobt und ein Stammeklektor betrieben. Dabei wurden 1828 Spinnen aus 41 Arten und 57 Exemplare einer Pseudoskorpionart gefangen. Die Zusammensetzung der Araneozonosen Ă€ndert sich mit dem Alter des Totholzes. FĂŒr einige Arten lĂ€sst sich eine AbhĂ€ngigkeit von der Rindenstruktur aufzeigen. Bei anderen Arten lĂ€sst sich die Verteilung eher durch unterschiedliche BelichtungsverhĂ€ltnisse der StammoberflĂ€che erklĂ€ren. Die Fangeffizienz von Borkenemergenz-und Stammeklektoren fĂŒr Spinnentiere wird diskutiert. Dabei ist hervorzuheben, dass derZeitpunkt der Installation bei geschlossenen BEE einen betrĂ€chtlichen Einfluss auf die Resultate hat. Ein Vergleich mit anderen Ergebnissen zur Arachnofauna von BaumstĂ€mmen in Mitteleuropa zeigt, dass die meisten charakteristischen Rindenbewohner nicht baumartenspezifisch auftreten und in allen untersuchten Regionen zu finden sind. Die Dominanzverteilungen fallen jedoch extrem unterschiedlich aus. Die beiden hĂ€ufigsten Arten dieser Untersuchung, Thyreosthenius parasiticus und Haplodrassus cognatus, wurden bisher nur sehr selten bzw. in geringen Individuenzahlen an BaumstĂ€mmen festgestellt. H. cognatus wurde bisher im nordwestdeutschen Flachland Ăberhaupt noch nicht gefunden. Weitere Erstnachweise fĂŒr diese Region sind Dipoena torva und Synema globosum. Bemerkenswert ist auch 45 das hĂ€ufige Auftreten des stenoken Pseudoskorpions Dendrochernes cyrneus. Diese Art kann als potentieller Indikator fĂŒr historisch alte WĂ€lder in Norddeutschland gelten. Die Ergebnisse unterstreichen den hohen Naturschutzwert von totholzreichen Naturwaldzellen
The first record of Chthonius (C.) alpicola (Pseudoscorpiones, Chthoniidae) in Germany and new localities in Austria are presented
Die biogeographische Sonderstellung der Berchtesgadener Alpen im deutschen Alpenraum ist hinlÀnglich bekannt. Zahlreiche Endemiten der (Nord-)Ostalpen erreichen an der Saalach ihre (nord-)westliche Verbreitungsgrenze (MERXMULLER 1952, HUBL 2001). Unter den Arachniden konnten solche Arten bereits bei Weberknechten (HAMMELBACHER 1987, BLICK & HAMMELBACHER 1994) und Spinnen (MUSTER 2000, 2001) nachgewiesen werden. Mit Chthonius (C.) alpicola wird erstmals ein Pseudoskorpion dieses Arealtyps vorgestellt
Three Erigoninae spiders from the Bavarian Alps - new to Germany (Araneae: Linyphiidae, Erigoninae)
During the survey of epigeous spider communities in the Bavarian Alps (Germany, Upper Bavaria), three species of Erigoninae were recorded from Germany for the first time. Micrargus alpinus and Silometopus rosemariae are endemic species of the Alps, Panamomops palmgreni is endemic to the Alpine mountain system. For each species present knowledge on distribution, habitat and phenology is summarized. As Micrargus alpinus was described in 1997, faunistic and ecological data are still very poor. Niche differentiation between the closely related species of the Micrargus herbigradus-group is discussed
First records of spiders from the Bavarian Alps (Germany) (Araneae: Linyphiidae, Hahniidae, Gnaphosidae, Salticidae)
The arachnofaunistic exploration of the German Alps is still in process. Recent investigations in subalpine and alpine habitats of Bavaria yielded 13 species new to Germany. For 5 taxa the collecting sites are reported, together with comments on general distribution and ecology. Cryphoeca Iichenum nigerrima is a locally-endemic relict, which probably has survived glaciation on the nunatak system. Its distribution area is restricted to few mountain-ranges in the Northem Calcareous Alps, comprising less than 2500 qkm. Two species,Erigone cristatopalpus and Talavera monticola, are endemic to the Alps and adjoining mountains. Micaria aenea shows a boreomontane disjunction. Heliophanus Iineiventris is widely distributed in the southern Palearctic
Chthonius (Ephippiochthonius) poeninus : a âSwiss endemic speciesâ in the AllgĂ€u Alps (Pseudoscorpiones: Chthoniidae)
In the course of a long term survey on the effects of grazing on the diversity of alpine grasslands, the false scorpion Chthonius (Ephippiochthonius) poeninus Mahnert, 1979 was recorded for the first time outside of Switzerland. The preferred habitat at the locality Alpe Einödsberg (Germany, Bavaria) differs strongly from previous findings. Our data suggest an association with Nardus grasslands (Geo montani-Nardetum), whereas earlier records originated from leaf litter, moss and mouldy trunks. Furthermore, the new records between 1540 m and 1973 m above sea level are the first from the subalpine region of the Alps (hitherto C. poeninus was known from 550 m to 1450 m). In the study region, extensive grazing seems to have a positive effect on the abundance of the species, while it is missing from intensively grazed pastures
Chthonius (Ephippiochthonius) nidicola â new to Germany
The first record of this species outside the Alps is presented from the Rhineland-Palatinate, Germany. The locality, Bad Neuenahr, represents a considerable extension of the known range of a species which has up till now been regarded an endemic of southern Switzerland
Bisexuals surrounded by all-female clones: new records of Megabunus lesserti (Opiliones: Phalangiidae) in the northeastern Alps
New data on the sex ratio of 16 populations of the endemic harvestman Megabunus lesserti Schenkel, 1927 in the northeastern Alps confirm the previously assumed pattern of geographic parthenogenesis. Bisexuals inhabit a small area between the eastern margin of the Northern Calcareous Alps and the Ennstaler Alps, which was not covered by ice during the last (WĂŒrm) glaciations. Postglacially recolonized areas are occupied by parthenogenetic clones. Some all-female samples were found in close geographic proximity to bisexual populations. Apparently isolated occurrences at the western (Ammergau Alps) and southwestern (Carinthian) limits of the range proved to consist exclusively of females. A single male recorded in the Karwendel Mts. near Innsbruck is interpreted preferentially as a case of spanandry, being a fatherless "mistake" without any significant function
Dispersal of two moderately venomous spiders Cheiracanthium mildei and C. punctorium in Saxony and Brandenburg (Araneae: Miturgidae)
In the summers of 2006 and 2007 presumed bites of Cheiracanthium spiders triggered mass hysteria in Austria and some regions of Germany, including northern Saxonia. Here we report the first records of Cheiracanthium mildei L. Koch, 1864 from Saxony and new records of C. punctorium (Villers, 1789) from Saxony and Brandenburg. C. punctorium is probably a native species in southern Germany. It shows a moderate area expansion that could be driven by global warming. Further records in north-western Saxony are to be expected. By contrast, C. mildei has to be regarded an invasive alien species that has rapidly spread into Central Europe from the Mediterranean. Leipzig is the north-easternmost locality in Europe reached so far, a further 230 km away from Nuremberg, the leading edge in 2006. A number of records in different districts of Leipzig suggest that the species is already established in the town. We also report verified bites of both species. The mild to moderate symptoms are in accordance with recent literature reviews
Integration von Mitarbeitern als Konsumenten in Nachhaltigkeitsinnovationsprozesse : Erprobung eines neuen Forschungsansatzes im Rahmen eines BMBF-Verbundprojekts
Die Integration von Konsumentinnen und Konsumenten in Nachhaltigkeitsinnovationsprozesse hat das Potenzial, diese Innovationen erfolgreicher zu machen. Allerdings ist die Einbindung besonders innovativer Konsumenten, sogenannter Lead User, vielfach sehr aufwendig, wenn diese auĂerhalb der Unternehmen identifiziert und fĂŒr die Mitarbeit gewonnen werden mĂŒssen. In diesem Beitrag wird mit der Integration von (nachhaltigkeitsorientierten) Mitarbeitern in ihrer Konsumentenrolle ein neuer Ansatz prĂ€sentiert. Dieser steht im Mittelpunkt des vom BMBF (Bundesministerium fĂŒr Bildung und Forschung) finanzierten Verbundprojekts IMKoN (Integration von Mitarbeitern als Konsumenten in Nachhaltigkeitsinnovationsprozesse). Als erstes Teilergebnis werden hier Chancen und Risiken des IMKoN-Ansatzes am Beispiel einer Bestandsaufnahme bei acht Unternehmen unterschiedlicher GröĂe aus verschiedenen Branchen diskutiert.BMBF, 01UT1423A, Integration von Mitarbeitern als Konsumenten in Nachhaltigkeitsinnovationsprozesse, Teilprojekt 1: Open Innovation, Soziale Innovationen, Koordination (IMKoN
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