INVESTIGATION OF THE OBJECTIVES OF THE INFORMATION TECHNOLOGY AND SOFTWARE COURSE ACCORDING TO THE REVISED BLOOM TAXONOMY

The aim of this study is to evaluate the objectives in information technology and software course curriculum according to revised Bloom taxonomy. For this purpose, objectives of the fifth and sixth grade information technology and software course curriculum, which was started to be implemented in 2018, were examined. In the study, document analysis technique which is one of the qualitative research methods was used. Two-dimensional analysis table prepared by Anderson and Krathwol was used. In the data processing process, the objectives were evaluated separately by two researchers by using co-observer forms. The classified objectives were shown in tables and graphs and frequency and percentage values were given. There are 75 objectives at the 5th grade level and 77 objectives at the 6th grade level in the information technologies and software curriculum. According to the results of the analysis, it has been concluded that the objectives in the information technology and software course curriculum are under the understanding and applying dimensions in the cognitive process. It has been observed that most of the objectives are under the procedural and conceptual dimension. When evaluated in this respect, it has been concluded that approximately 90% of the objectives are at the higher cognitive level. In the course of information technologies and software, it is aimed to educate individuals who think actively, have problem solving and computational thinking skills, can follow and evaluate the reasoning process, carry out studies on product design and management, develop innovative and original projects that produce solutions to problems encountered in daily life, it is thought to be beneficial to increase the objectives towards developing high level cognitive skills.  Article visualizations

Characteristics of Patients in Follow-up After the Whipple Procedure in the Intensive Care Unit: Field-specific Intensive Care Experience

Introduction:Pancreaticoduodenectomy (Whipple procedure) is an important surgical intervention in terms of adverse conditions that may occur after surgery. Our aim is to determine the change in the clinical course of the patients followed in the intensive care unit (ICU) after pancreaticoduodenectomy during the follow-up period.Methods:We included 37 patients followed up after the Whipple procedure from August 2021 to August 2022 in a tertiary ICU specific for liver-pancreas-biliary tract and liver transplantation.Results:The vital signs and laboratory values of the patients during the follow-up were examined. Statistically decreased arterial blood lactate levels and a significant increase in arterial blood partial oxygen pressures were seen upon admission to the ICU. The highest detected arterial lactate level was correlated with the percentage change in blood creatinine.Conclusion:Patients should be followed closely after the Whipple procedure. Fluid volume treatment and respiratory support play a significant role in patient recovery

Prunus Yapraklarında Prunus Necrotic Ring Spot PNRSV ve Apple Chlorotic Leaf Spot ACLSV Virüslerinin Dağılımı

Prunus necrotic ringspot virus PNRSV ’ü ile infekteli Prunus mahaleb ve Apple chlorotic leafspot virus ACLSV ’ü ile infekteli şeftali P. persica L. yapraklarının farklı bölgelerinden alınan doku diskleri bu virüslerin yaprak dokusundaki dağılımlarını belirlemek amacı ile sırasıyla enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay ELISA ve reverse transcriptase polymerase chain reaction RT-PCR teknikleri ile analiz edilmişlerdir. Gerçekleştirilen ELISA testleri sonucunda her iki virüsünde yaprak ayasında yaprak sapı bölgesinde daha konsantre oldukları ve konukçu yapraklarında düzensiz bir dağılım gösterdikleri tespit edilmiştir. Aynı yaprak bölgelerinin kullanıldığı RT-PCR testlerinde ise her iki virüsün genetik materyalinin tüm yaprak bölgeleri için birbirine yakın ölçülerde amplifikasyon ürünleri oluşturduğu belirlenmiş ve testlenen yaprak bölgeleri arasında viral konsantrasyon bakımından bariz farklılıkların olmadığı saptanmıştır. RT-PCR testi sonuçlarından elde edilen kesin, net ve dengeli teşhisi ifade eden bantlar, ACLSV ve PNRSV virüslerinin Prunus yapraklarının testlenen tüm bölgelerinde homojen bir dağılım sergilediğini göstermiştir. Her iki virüs, kullanılan test yöntemine göre konukçularında farklı dağılım sergilemişlerdir. Elde edilen bulgular ışığında PNRSV ile ACLSV’nin konukçularındaki dağılımını belirlemede ELISA testi ile PCR testi arasında bir korelasyon saptanmamıştı

Aşınmış dişlerde farklı bir protetik yaklaşım

Aşırı diş aşınması, dişin sert dokusununpatolojik nedenlerle yıkımı ile oluşur. Etyolojisimekanik, kimyasal ve psikolojik etkenler veyabunların kombinasyonları olabilir. Diş aşınmaları,hastaların çiğneme ve konuşma fonksiyonlarında vegörünümlerinde ciddi problemler doğurur. Aşırıoklüzal aşınma dikey boyut kaybına da nedenolabilir. Bu ciddi diş yapısı kayıpları, kapsamlırestoratif tedavi gerektirir.45 yaşında kadın hasta, estetik ve fonksiyonkaybı şikayeti ile kliniğimize başvurdu. Hepsi vitalolan, üst ön dişlerin önce kanal tedavileri yapıldı.Ardından prefabrik post ve kompozit korlarla kronboyları uzatıldı. Hastaya oklüzal dikey boyutunuyükselten geçici akrilik kron restorasyonlarıuygulandı. Yeni dikey boyuta alışabilmesi içinakrilik geçici kronlar hastaya 3 ay kullandırıldı. Busürenin sonunda hastanın alt ve üst dişleri metaldestekli seramik kronlarla restore edildi. Koruyucuamaçlı oklüzal splint yapıldı

Preparation, GIAO NMR Calculations and Acidic Properties of Some Novel 4,5-dihydro-1H-1,2,4-triazol-5-one Derivatives with Their Antioxidant Activities

Six novel 3-alkyl(aryl)-4-(p-nitrobenzoylamino)-4,5-dihydro-1H-1,2,4-triazol-5- ones (2a-f) were synthesized by the reactions of 3-alkyl(aryl)-4-amino-4,5-dihydro-1H- 1,2,4-triazol-5-ones (1a-f) with p-nitrobenzoyl chloride and characterized by elemental analyses and IR, 1H-NMR, 13C-NMR and UV spectral data. The newly synthesized compounds 2 were titrated potentiometrically with tetrabutylammonium hydroxide in four non-aqueous solvents such as acetone, isopropyl alcohol, tert-butyl alcohol and N,N-dimethylformamide, and the half-neutralization potential values and the corresponding pKa values were determined for all cases. Thus, the effects of solvents and molecular structure upon acidity were investigated. In addition, isotropic 1H and 13C nuclear magnetic shielding constants of compounds 2 were obtained by the gauge-including-atomic-orbital (GIAO) method at the B3LYP density functional level. The geometry of each compound has been optimized using the 6-311G basis set. Theoretical values were compared to the experimental data. Furthermore, these new compounds and five recently reported 3-alkyl-4-(2-furoylamino)-4,5-dihydro-1H-1,2,4-triazol-5-ones (3a–c,e,f) were screened for their antioxidant activities

Reliability of Frozen Section Pathology in Transoral Laser Laryngectomy

Objective:To evaluate the reliability of frozen section analysis in transoral laser laryngectomy (TOLL).Methods:A retrospective analysis was conducted for patients who underwent TOLL in a university hospital between January 2012 and February 2014. The grade of the tumor and the histopathological diagnosis were noted. The results of frozen section pathologies and routine histological examinations were compared.Results:A total number of 84 sections from 21 patients with a mean age of 57.3 years were included in the study. All the patients were operated with superpulse continuous mode carbon dioxide laser with a power of 5–8 watts. Squamous cell carcinoma was histologically diagnosed in all patients. The tumor was grade 1 in 80.95% of the patients, grade 2 in 9.52%, and grade 3 in 9.52%. A routine histopathological examination confirmed the frozen section in 94.04% of the patients.Conclusion:Laser surgery is a commonly preferred treatment modality in early-stage laryngeal carcinomas, in particular. However, a safe surgical margin is a debate in transoral laser surgery. In light of our results, we can conclude that frozen section pathology is a reliable method to achieve safe surgical margins in TOLL

Attitudes and Behaviors Regarding Smoking in Friends and Relatives of Patients in Emergency Room: A New Frontier in the Fight against Tobacco

Background: Emergency rooms (ERs) are usually crowded with friends and relatives (F&Rs) of the patients. This experience may result in changes in smoking behaviors and create opportunities for smoking cessation interventions. The study aims to investigate these changes and offers a new frontier in the fight against smoking.Methods: This cross-sectional study was conducted in the ERs of two universities in different cities. A questionnaire consisting of 18 questions was applied to F&Rs of the emergency patients. Statistical analysis was performed using Jamovi program.Findings: A total of 603 respondents were included in the study. Of them, 71.3% were first-degree relatives, 51.7% waited 5 or more times in ER before, and 68.6% spent 0-2 hours in a day around the ER. Upon witnessing patients in the ERs, 53.4% of the F&Rs had the idea of quitting smoking and 42.9% wanted to have smoking cessation therapy during their wait in the hospital. While 76.1% of the participants were not using different brands of cigarettes when offered in normal life, this rate was lower around the ERs (64.6%) (P < 0.001). Participants smoked 0.82 ± 0.34 cigarette per hour in normal life excluding sleeping time; this number raised almost 6 folds during the wait (4.85 ± 2.11) (P < 0.001).Conclusion: F&Rs smoked more during waiting around ERs. However, they also expressed desire to quit smoking and receive smoking cessation intervention during the wait. Providing smoking cessation counseling to F&Rs in the ER may be a valuable intervention

Evaluation of clinical features and the factors related to nutrition in home care patients with pressure ulcer

Introduction: In this study, we aimed to determine the demographic and clinical characteristics of patients with pressure ulcers who received home health care in Kutahya city and to investigate the relationship between the factors related to nutrition and pressure ulcer grades. Methods: This study is designed as a retrospective and cross-sectional. The files of 500 patients who were registered at home health services unit of Kutahya Health Sciences University Training and Research Hospital between December 2016 and May 2017 were reviewed retrospectively. Of these, sixty-three patients with pressure ulcers were included in the study. Results: In this study, 26 (41.3%) were male and 37 (58.7%) were female. The mean age of the patients with pressure ulcers was 74.41 ± 12.30 (years). 36 patients (57.1%) had cerebrovascular disease, 5 patients (7.9%) had dementia, 9 patients (14.3%) had malignancy, 8 patients (12.7%) had osteoarthritis, 4 patients 6.3%) had peripheral vascular disease, and 1 patient (1.6%) had previous traffic accident. The majority (62.1%) were neurological disease-sequenced and nursing-care group. When all the patients were examined, the region with the most pressure was the sacrum (35.3%). Hemoglobin level was found to be related to pressure ulcer grade (One-way ANOVA, p = 0.019). There was no significant relationship between other nutrition-related parameters and pressure ulcer stage. Conclusion: Patients with cerebrovascular disease constitute a significant proportion of patients receiving home care services. Low hemoglobin increases the severity of the pressure ulcer. Therefore, determining risk factors that contribute to pressure ulcer formation and efforts to prevent them should be the primary target of the home health care unit

Metabolic dysfu nctio n-As socia ted fatty liver disease and fibrosis status in patients with Type 2 Diabetes Treated at Internal medicine clinics: Türkiye DAHUDER awareness of fatty liver disease (TR-DAFLD) study

Background/Aims: This awareness study aimed to determine the ultrasound (US) examination rates in relation to US-confirmed metabolic dysfunction-associated fatty liver disease (MAFLD) diagnosis in internal medicine outpatients with type 2 diabetes (T2D) across Turkiye. Materials and Methods: A total of 6283 T2D patients were included in this multicenter retrospective cohort study conducted at 17 internal medicine clinics across Turkiye. The presence and indications for US performed within the last 3 years were recorded along with US-confirmed MAFLD rates, laboratory findings on the day of US, and referral rates. Fibrosis-4 (FIB-4) index was calculated to estimate the risk of advanced liver fibrosis (FIB-4 index ≥ 1.3). Results: Overall, 1731 (27.6%) of 6283 patients had US examination, which revealed MAFLD diagnosis in 69.9% of cases. In addition, 24.4% of patients with US-confirmed MAFLD were at risk of advanced fibrosis (FIB-4 index ≥ 1.3), and the referral rate was 15.5%. Conclusion: In conclusion, our findings emphasize an insufficient MAFLD awareness among clinicians and the likelihood of most of T2D patients to be at risk of living with an unknown status regarding their MAFLD and advanced fibrosis ris