IMPLIKASI KEBIJAKAN DONALD TRUMP TERHADAP KEDAULATAN SUKU MASYARAKAT ADAT TOHONO O’ODHAM

Tohono O'odham Indigenous peoples are indigenous people of the United States Sonoran desert are mostly located in the state of Arizona, United States of America and the state of Sonoran, Mexico. As a tribe indigenous peoples solidarity high and is in the border area the United States and Mexico, indigenous peoples have often migrated when will conduct spiritual ceremonies and other spiritual-along with Tohono O’odham Indigenous peoples. Therefore, the Tohono O'odham Indigenous peoples have to protect about the US President's policy is Donal Trump was the construction of the border wall the United States and Mexico is considered to interfere with the sovereignty of the Tohono O'odham Indigenous Peoples and also can disrupt their ancestral lands because The border wall will be built right on the Tohono O'odham’s land. About to protection carried out against the policy, but there is no response or the possibility that the construction of the border wall will be canceled. If this policy continues, then fear will be worse impact on the environment and lifestyle of indigenous Tohono O'odham itself. Tohono O'odham are desperately needs the freedom to cross the border because of the Tohono O'odham indigenous peoples is very important to maintain the cultural aspects of their tribe, where they must gather together for to do ceremonial or their activities spiritual although far from their land.   Masyarakat adat Tohono O'odham merupakan masyarakat asli Amerika Serikat di gurun Sonoran yang sebagian besar berada di negara bagian Arizona, Amerika Serikat dan negara bagian Sonoran, Meksiko. Sebagai masyarakat adat yang solidaritas sukunya tinggi dan berada di daerah perbatasan Amerika Serikat dan Meksiko, masyarakat adat ini kerap kali melakukan imigrasi apabila akan melaksanakan upacara adat dan spiritual-spiritual lainnya bersama dengan seluruh masyarakat suku Tohono O'odham. Oleh karena itu, Masyarakat adat Tohono O'odham telah melakukan proteksi terhadap kebijakan Presiden Amerika Serikat dalam hal ini Donal Trump yaitu pembangunan tembok perbatasan Amerika Serikat dan Meksiko dianggap dapat mengganggu kedaulatan suku masyarakat Tohono O'odham dan juga dapat mengganggu lahan nenek moyang mereka karena tembok perbatasan tersebut akan di bangun tepat pada lahan masyarakat Tohono O'odham. Terkait dengan proteksi yang dilakukan terhadap kebijakan tersebut, tetapi belum ada respon atau kemungkinan bahwa pembangunan tembok perbatasan tersebut akan dibatalkan.  Apabila kebijakan ini berlanjut, maka di takutkan akan lebih berdampak buruk lagi terhadap lingkungan dan gaya hidup masyarakat adat Tohono O'odham itu sendiri. Masyarakat Tohono O'odham sangat membutuhkan kebebasan untuk melintasi daerah perbatasan karena bagi masyarakat adat Tohono O'odham sangat penting untuk menjaga aspek budaya suku mereka, dimana mereka harus berkumpul satu sama lain uuntuk melaksanan kegiatan seremonial atau kegiatan - kegiatan spiritual mereka meskipun jauh dari tanah air mereka

Cohesiveness of NGOs and the community in the anti-coastal reclamation social movement

This research is an elaboration of the response of the coalition of NGOs and affected communities in rejecting the sand mining in Takalar Regency, South Sulawesi. This study aims to analyze the motives and methods of advocacy carried out by NGOs and affected communities. This study also tries to examine the factors that influence cohesiveness between those who are resistant to this extractive industry. This research uses a qualitative approach. We got data in this study through interviews, observations, and document reviews. This study found that the primary motive of the Save Coastal Alliance Against the Sea Sand Mine in Takalar expresses resistance from NGOs and affected communities on the economic and environmental effects of the extractive industry of sand mining. The advocacy method adopted includes four step strategies. The first is conducting political education for citizens; Second, build alliances with other NGOs and; Third is conducting a lawsuit and; Fourth, through non-litigation. The study also found that cohesiveness between NGOs and affected communities was   the dynamics of each group internally. This has contributed to building the context of relations between NGOs and the community