Accounting, costing and strategies in paddy cultivation

For the last forty years, M has been traditionally a paddy cultivator with a modest income. With his 56th birthday approaching, M has decided that it is time to break away from his paddy life and live with his son in the nearby town. He has no desire to sell his 15 relongs paddy of fields though, and does not wish to rent it to a stranger. He has found the solution to his problem by allowing I, his old primary school friend, to work on his paddy field with a 40:60 profit sharing for one cultivation season. ‘I’ has proved to be amenable to the idea, and has agreed in principle to get so involved in this plan but he has problem to assess the potential of paddy as a main source of income. Although he has been working for three years on his 6 relongs, he has never taught with the idea of getting a whole-paddy income analysis. He believes in practical good financial reward is just for hard work worker. Meanwhile C, a neighbour of M has shown interest to rent M’s 15 relongs. C works with 20 rented relongs and he is thinking to produce more paddy crops with the benefits of averaging costs. C has a particularly good relation with a bank manager in a nearby town and has learned from his Chinese counterparts that renting relong for paddy is a good business. C was advised to keep records often so to provide little data for analysis. How would M, C and I do? What solution capable to offer to M from the perspectives of C and I? The above cases of M, I and C are common in small-scale paddy cultivation. Our chief concern is to determine how each of them managed to earn some general level of acceptance of income based on not the quality of paddy production or the market price of paddy which are not capable to control by farmers, but on the costs and activities of paddy paddock preparation, paddy seeds plantation, paddy growing and caring, paddy harvesting time and paddy delivery. Accounting, Costing and Strategies in Paddy Cultivation should be read by every professional accountant, farmer, head of the family, student, researcher, policy maker and environmentalist

Malaysian accounting: an inquiry into the struggle, the crisis, and the future

Are we satisfied providing of what accounting has provided? How many books about accounting and accountability have we read and forgotten the instant we finished reading them? What difference they have made then? Will readers understand the deepest emotion of the texts? So many years have passed and many witness what happen to Malaysian history to accounting field was left unnoticed. Attempt to answer the questions will subsequently implicate the conditions of theorizing accounting based upon an inquiry into Malaysians own struggle, crisis and future prospect.The aim of the study is to encourage accounting researchers, especially Malaysians, to view accounting with responsibility,answer ability, blameworthiness, liability, and other terms associated with the expectation of account-giving

The ethnography of accounting, knowing and being : Malaysia, accounting research and the production of knowledge.

This paper reviews the major works in my recent doctoral dissertation 'Accounting, knowing and being' (Mustafa, 2006). The thesis includes three different empirical ethnographic settings that illustrate accounting differently, to contain the rational and objective view, the socio-political and monarchy view and the institutional and collective responsibility view. Prior to the revision, the paper briefly highlights the development of Malaysia since its inception in 1957. The paper argues 'Bumiputera', 'multiethnic society', 'UMNO', 'New Economic Policy', 'Islam' are the reality par excellence of Malaysia and they offer significant sights of accounting on both sides: the generality and specificity, the uniform and the contrasting and the simple and the complicated. The paper reproduces the core of Geertz's (1973) interpretive anthropology, namely: 'by isolating its elements', 'internal relationships' and 'in some general way' that were developed in the thesis. At the end of the revision, limitations of Institutional Theory are discussed, and research that commensurate with an appreciation of accounting to be seen as occupying a faculty of common sense is recalled. The paper underlines the concern of the thesis in enabling the application of research, which may be considered to be theoretical (in 'knowing'), to practice (in 'being')

Researching accounting: self-reconstruction and communication in early research settings

Purpose: The purpose of this paper is to engage, cooperate and communicate for a more visible form of research accounting in early research settings, especially by those in non-native English speaking and developing nations. Design/methodology/approach: The paper highlights four early research settings: in writing a research undertaking, in gaining acceptance of a research undertaking, in situating the self in the research context and in the renegotiation of the research context. Findings: The paper finds that although organisations offer a forum for a discussion of socialising form of accounting, organisational communication inverts many of the norms of academic etiquettes. It interrupts, takes statements out of context and challenges the academic claim of accounting as a language of business. Practical implications: The paper alerts corporations, managers, supervisors and researchers that communicating accounting is distinct from communication skills, though both emphasise that communications comprise behaviours which can be learned. Inexperienced researchers are not the only potential readers of the paper. The study is an attempt to provide accounting researchers with a resource for making informed decisions concerning the communication type they face and by placing their research agenda within the appropriate accounting characterisations. Originality/value: The paper broadens the view of what constitutes knowledge of accounting and the knowledge about accounting and the ways to attain them. The key topics explored in the study provide “hands-on” methodological issues that could be adapted for use on similar programmes

A Review of the Agriculture Literature in Malaysian and Indonesian Accounting Journals

This article discusses the scope related to Malaysian and Indonesian accounting research in agricultural literature. This discussion was based on two well-known Malaysian accounting journals and many were referred from 2008 to 2016, recognized as Accounting Overview Malaysia (MAR) and Asian Business and Accounting Journal (AJBA), and three Indonesian accounting journals namely Economic & Financial Studies (SEZ) , Gadjah Mada International Business Journal (GamaIJB) and Indonesian Accounting and Finance Journal (JAKI). In MAR and AJBA, Corporate Governance, Auditing, Financial Accounting Reporting, and Management Accounting are the most widely published topics. In SEZ, Economy, Finance, Public Sector Accounting and Taxation; GamaIJ, Management / Managerial Accounting and Finance; and JAKI, Management / Managerial Accounting, Financial Accounting, and Reporting Audit are the most widely published topics. This article proposes peculiarities, non-company and non-professional attributes as opportunity-researched variable fields for future agricultural studies. This article concludes with a reminder of the direction that leads to Malaysian and Indonesian accounting research, including the ontological difference between agricultural studies and accounting minutes while the latter seeks to fulfill generalizations, company attributes and stereotyped-research-variable professionals. It was concluded there is no difference in the average number of journals published in Malaysia and Indonesia with the test.   Keywords: Accounting, agriculture, opportunity, stereotype, Malaysia and Indonesi

Shariah Supervisory Boards conception of accountability and competency: an ethnographic study of Bank Muamalat Malaysia Berhad

Background: This study describes the rationales for the study and the importance of proper recognition of the accountability conception and competence among Shariah Supervisory Boards (SSBs) in the Islamic Financial Institution (IFI). Objective: This research examines the relationship between the level of accountability conception and competency of the members of Shariah Supervisory Boards (SSBs) of Islamic Financial Institution (IFI) on their main duties and responsibilities. It also examines the IFI interpretation and evaluate whether in accordance with Shariah principles; and the epistemological conception of accountability amongst SSB members in the IFI and examine the association between the level of competency and accountability of SSB. Methodology: In this study, the qualitative research method was applied and ethnographic research approach was employed so as to understand the social context on the accountability and level of competency amongst SSB. Results: The findings of this study primarily revealed that the SSB members dealing precisely with regards to the Shariah compliance comprehension in association with IFI interpretation and accountability conception. Moreover, this study also found that the epistemological conception of accountability emphasizes on the subjection, transparency, independence, confidentiality, faith and justice shows the relationship between self and statutory regulations positively influenced by Islamic business ethic. Hence, the association level of competency and accountability has a significant influenced in supporting SSB supervising the IFI accordingly. Conclusion: This research can make a significant contribution to the IFI in providing full range of knowledge and skills to determine the problems or issues pertaining to the concept of accountability among SSB. Results of the study could be used to improve existing services and formulate strategic decisions in order to achieve competitive advantage, designing and implementing suitable remedial measures

Agriculture research in Malaysian accounting journals: some observations on studies variables

This article discusses the scopes associated with Malaysian accounting research into agriculture literature. The discussion is based on two renowned and widely referred Malaysian accounting journals from year 2008 to 2016, recognized as Malaysian Accounting review (MAR) and Asian Journal of Business and Accounting (AJBA). In both MAR and AJBA, Corporate Governance, Auditing and Financial Accounting Reporting were the most widely published topics. The absence of agriculture literature in these two Malaysian accounting journals was highlighted within accounting and non-accounting generalized variables. Analysis on their studied variables show AJBA provides more opportunity for other disciplines to penetrate into. The article concludes with a direction that Malaysian accounting research is leading to and a reminder of the ontological differences between agriculture studies and accounting treatise when the latter strives to meet generalization, firm attributes and professionals stereotype research

The measurement of user information satisfaction on integrated financial accounting system: An expectation-performance gap analysis

It would be a great mistake if accountants regard information technology as a cost center rather than a value creation tool for the business.Some of them would just leave the system to be handled by end-users without further auditing supporting.As a result, many corporate organizations thirst for accurate information on user information satisfaction (UIS).Study on the Integrated Financial Accounting System (IFAS) tries to explain UIS in both end-user's expectation and system's performance.Results on expectation-performance gap analysis revealed some shortcoming in IFAS services towards meeting the end-users' needs. This paper hopefully will serve for future reference in providing better IFAS's internal control

Accounting students perception on Online Homework Software (OHS)

Recent technologies provide variety of tools for educators in all field including accounting. One of these tools is Online Homework Software (OHS). This study collects survey data from accounting students at Universiti Putra Malaysia to explore their perception of OHS in accounting courses. Analysis of the survey data indicated several differences between OHS users and nonusers. There are a positive correlation between shorterm performance and the hours spent of revision to the use of OHS. The ANOVA analysis show no significant difference in current CGPA (long term performance) between OHS users and nonusers. The users of OHS have reveal that the educators using OHS for assigned graded homework and the quizzes but not using OHS for formal exam. The user of OHS agree that OHS will give benefit in accounting course and able to reduce time spent in revision. Respondents also belief that OHS is a cost effective learning tool. However, the strongest concern express by the respondents is whether the use of OHS really improves their learning. The data collected is important in promoting dialog concerning OHS usage and developing recommendations for continued improvements in the software

Corruption and control from the perspective of Islam

Purpose: The purpose of this paper is to explore and provide insights into corruption and the control procedures from an Islamic perspective. Design/methodology/approach: This paper adopts qualitative research approach using the holy Quran as a primary source and hadith of the Prophet Mohammed supported by the anecdotes of his companions as a secondary source and prior literature. Findings: This paper offers an Islamic taxonomy of corruption that contains economic, managerial, financial, political, environmental, social and ethical corruption which is explicitly prohibited because of their consequence on societies. Islam establishes proactive, preventive, detecting and reactive procedures to control corruption and prescribes how to avoid its harmful consequences. The paper also reveals significant concepts in relation to individuals’ qualities that if taken care of, better chances to reduce corruption and better living conditions can be accomplished. Research limitations/implications: The paper recommends means to the business community through providing managerial and practical procedures which can be used for limiting corruption effectively. However, this piece of work provides further explanations on corruption to improve our understanding on such a phenomenon and contributes to the literature from the perspective of Islam point of view. Originality/value: The paper contributes to the debate on corruption, human, religion and control from an Islamic point of view, which is lacking. This paper finds evidence that loss of belief is a situational factor that leads to corrupt acts. Also, moral teaching in early ages is necessary for inner and self-control. Moral renovation is an influential factor that keeps individuals motivated and refrain from indulging into corrupt acts