Price Determination of Palm Oil Fresh Fruit Bunches on Imperfect Competition Market in Central Kalimantan Province, Indonesia

The inequilibrium between the supplies of palm oil fresh fruit bunches (FFB) and the availability of palm oil mill causes the exploitation of palm oil fresh fruit bunches prices of farmers’ production, especially supply from estate smallholders (independent and plasma farmers). The exploitation of prices occur because of: a) market structure of palm oil fresh fruit bunches is oligopsony market, b) the value of conjectural elasticity is high, and c) the price elasticity value of supply and demand are small (0.19 and 0.048 are inelastic). This condition shows that oligopsony market power has sizeable and dominant influence on price determination of palm oil fresh fruit bunches in the input market. As the result, income, productivity and production of farmers are low. However, if farmers join in a cooperative institutional use oligopoly market power, so farmers can sell palm oil fresh fruit bunches at higher price or up to 34.86% of farmers’ real prices. Therefore, the price policy of government should consider to the elements of market power (conjectural elasticity) and the factors that influence market power (demand and supply price elasticities). The approach of bilateral monopoly market model can be an alternative solution of oligopsony market structure. Keywords: palm oil fresh fruit bunches, price, oligopsony, oligopoly, bilateral monopol

Analisis Efisiensi Alokatif Penggunaan Faktor-Faktor Produksi pada Usahatani Padi (Oryza Sativa L.) (Studi Kasus di Desa Puhjarak, Kecamatan Plemahan, Kabupaten Kediri)

Penelitian tentang analisis efisiensi alokatif USAhatani padi di Desa Puhjarak penting dilakukan karena rendahnya produktivitas dan rendahnya pula pendapatan petani di Desa Puhjarak. Petani masih dapat meningkatkan produksi dan produktivitas tanaman padi dengan penggunaan faktor-faktor produksi yang efisien, sehingga dapat meningkatkan pendapatan petani. Tujuan penelitian ini menganalisis sejauh mana efisiensi alokatif penggunaan faktor-faktor produksi oleh petani berpengaruh pada pendapatan petani padi. Metode analisis yang digunakan yaitu fungsi produksi Cobb-Douglas dan melihat nilai produk marginal NPM/Px dengan menggunakan stratified random sampling. Dari hasil analisis regresi diperoleh faktor-faktor produksi yang berpengaruh nyata terhadap produksi USAhatani padi adalah benih, pestisida padat, pestisida cair, dan tenaga kerja. Nilai NPMx/Px semua faktor-faktor produksi yang berpengaruh > 1 sehingga penggunaannya belum efisie

The Causality Relationship between Management in Supply Chain Collaboration with the Prosperity of Corn Farmers in West Nusa Tenggara – Indonesia

The objective of this research is to analyze factors determining the supply chain management and the prosperity of corn farmers. Data was collected using survey method by interviewing 120 farmers. The chain sampling was determined using snowballing technique from farmers to intermediate traders and consumers. Result of the research indicates that the supply chain management is influenced by business process integration, supply chain collaboration and organizational performance. The prosperity rate of the farmers is directly influenced by supply chain management, supply chain collaboration, and organizational performance, but it is indirectly influenced by business process of integration and of competitive advantage. Keywords: supply chain collaboration, business process integration, supply chain management, organizational performance, and the prosperity of corn farmers

Agricultural Sector Investment Impact of Economy Province Maluku

Development of the agricultural sector is part of the economic development undertaken over the years. The agricultural sector used as a leading sector in improving society and government revenue. One response indicated by the central government is a change of policy more autonomy to the regions, namely the granting of authority to local governments to determine the direction of regional development policies that are expected to affect national development targets, such as economic growth, job creation and distribution of income will be affected by the investment. To see the impact of agricultural investment on the economy of Maluku used two approaches that approaches based on data input and output are formed using process simulation approach to the agricultural sector investment activities. Impact Investment agricultural sector is capable of forming revenues of 455.00 billion dollars and form as much as 333 314 people jobs. The role of the agricultural sector is still quite dominant in the Moluccas economy, while the downstream industry sector has not evolved significantly. This condition is a challenge and an opportunity for economic development of the Moluccas. Development opportunities are open to industrial processing and preserving of fish and other food processing. This condition will be achieved if accompanied by investment, improving the quality of human resources, entrepreneurship, and the development of appropriate technology. Keywords: Output, Income, and Labo

Multiplier Income Impact of Economy on Maluku Province – Analisys Input Outpout

Economic development has been undertaken to improve the community and government revenue. One response indicated by the central government is a change of policy more autonomy to the regions, namely the granting of authority to local governments to determine the direction of regional development policies that are expected to affect national development targets, such as economic growth, job creation and distribution of income will be affected by the investment. To see the impact on the economy of Maluku revenue based on data input and output. Economic sectors Maluku province that has the largest income multiplier value indicates that if there is an increase in revenue of the unit in these sectors will have an impact on improving people's income multiplier of income in the sector. Maluku Province as an archipelago in various capacities or local potential (local specific), would have the ultimate goal of the development process does. For that if the local government wants to achieve a goal or a target goal to be achieved is to increase the income of the people of Maluku province and local governments should encourage each sector in accordance with the income multiplier value. As the field actors (stakeholders) society can allocate each unit earned income that can be spent to output the sectors that have the greatest income multiplier value. Thus if the income multiplier becoming a target or targets local governments must optimize the increase in revenue to the economy in the province of Maluku. Keywords: Output, Income, Economic and Maluku

The Influence of Environment and Entrepreneurship Factors toward the Farming Performance (Case on Manager Farmers of Cloves Plantation in Buleleng Regency, Bali Province)

The aims of this research are to analyze the influence of the physical and economic environments toward the entrepreneurship of farmers and farming performance then to analyze the influence of the entrepreneurship of farmers towards farming performance. This research is conducted in Buleleng Regency as the largest producer area of cloves in Bali Island. Three villages selected as location that representing the Buleleng Regency. Farmers sample determined at each village with simple random sampling method. The analysis method that used in this research is Structural Equation Modelling (SEM) with four latent/unobserved variables. The result of this research shows that the physical and economic environments influence on entrepreneurship of farmers with different direction. The physical environment has negative influence on entrepreneurship of farmers, while the economic environment has positive influence towards entrepreneurship of farmers. Physical and economic environments have no influence towards the farming performance, but the physical and economic environments have indirect influence on farming performance through entrepreneurship. This is means that the higher value of the physical and economic environments, the higher value of farming performance, if the value of entrepreneurship also high. The entrepreneurship has positive influence on farming performance. Keywords: physical environment, economic environment, entrepreneurship, farming performanc

Analisis Contract Farming Usaha Ayam Broiler

EnglishSmall farmers’ participation in the high-value product market aims to improve quality and income. They are involved in the contract farming for supply improvement, increased production, risk reduction, and profit enhancement. Contract farming types are various as well as the motives of the actors. This study aims to analyze contract farming in broiler farms in Malang Regency, East Java Province. The methods of analyses are logit function, technical efficiency, and performance index. Implementation of contract farming benefits the broiler farms. The farms are technically efficient. Incomes of the farmers are higher due to relatively lower production costs. Contract farming program is still the best option for farmers in order to increase income.IndonesianPartisipasi peternak kecil pada pasar produk bernilai tinggi, dengan tujuan meningkatkan standar kualitas, meningkatkan dan menstabilkan pendapatan adalah  alasan rasional untuk memperluas contract farming karena kualitas persediaan, kuantitas produksi meningkat, transfer risiko dari petani ke perusahaan dan tujuan keuntungan meningkat. Contract farming dapat berfungsi sebagai sebuah alat manajemen risiko oleh karena terjadi sharing antara pelaku yakni perusahaan (inti) dan peternak. Partisipasi perusahaan dan peternak  dalam program contract farming akan memberikan  implementasi kontrak yang bervariasi, sebagai akibat adanya motif pemenuhan kontrak sehingga hal ini  merupakan hal yang sangat penting untuk analisis. Penelitian bertujuan untuk menganalisis pelaksanaan contract farming usaha  ternak ayam broiler di Kabupaten Malang Jawa Timur. Metode analisis digunakan fungsi logit, efisiensi teknis dan indeks kinerja. Temuan mengungkapkan bahwa penerapan contract farming memberikan manfaat pada peternak ayam broiler serta pelaksanaan usaha ternaknya efisien secara teknis. Pendapatan peternak kontrak lebih tinggi dengan biaya produksi yang lebih rendah, sehingga program contract farming masih merupakan pilihan terbaik bagi peternak dalam rangka peningkatan pendapatan

Sustainability Analysis of Palm Oil Plantation in Central Kalimantan Province, Indonesia

Palm oil plantation in Central Kalimantan has started since 1994 until the end of 2011 and it reached 1.256.444 ha areas. However, it has been a lot of criticism from non-governmental organizations, both domestically and abroad because the palm oil plantation alleged negative impact on the economic, social and environment dimensions.   This research uses MDS (Multi-Dimensional Scaling) to analyze the status of palm oil sustainability. Data collected from several agencies, 6 private plantations and interview with relevant experts, village officials, community leaders and 134 households around the private plantation in West Kotawaringin Regency, Central Kalimantan Province. The results show that palm oil plantation simultaneously sustainable with 82.64% index, but partially the index values of economic, social, environment, technology and legality ??dimensions respectively 68.77%, 85.19%, 94.70 %, 79.59% and 94.36%. The low index partially caused by palm oil plantation has not apply all of the principles and criterias of the Roundtable on Sustainable Palm Oil (RSPO), such as the low productivity, planted area of palm oil for society not appropriate yet with the regulation, the community right of land has not resolved yet properly, the poor follow-up on the monitoring results of waste and integrated pest management, standard operating procedures of planted area and mill not fully implemented yet, and the planted area exceed the Land Use Permit that determined by government. Therefore, palm oil plantation in Central Kalimantan needs to apply the principles and criterias of the RSPO continously. Key words: palm oil, sustainable inde

Faktor-Faktor Yang Mempengharuhi Minat Wirausaha Pengolahan Pangan Organik Pada Perempuan Tani Di Desa Wonokerto, Bantur, Malang

Tumbuhkembangnya jiwa kewirausahaan perempuan tani dipengaruhi oleh pelatihan teknologi pangan olahan organik. Kegiatan pelatihan ini diharapkan dapat membangkitkan minat wirausahanya.  Faktor-faktor yang mempengaruhi minat wirausaha pada perempuan tani ini meliputi tenaga kerja, skill, lahan, dan jiwa kewirausahaan. Faktor tenaga kerja diukur dengan indicator jumlah keluarga dan rasio kerja. Faktor skill diukur dengan indicator pengenalan tanaman organik, pengetahuan pangan olahan alami, pengetahuan manfaat tanaman salak sebagai olahan, pengetahuan manfaat tanaman garut sebagai bahan olahan, kemudahan membuat pangan olahan salak, dan kemudahan membuat pangan olahan garut. Faktor lahan diukur dengan tiga indikator yaitu lahan tegal, tanaman salak, dan tanaman garut. Sedangkan faktor jiwa kewirausahaan diukur dengan delapan indikator yaitu dorongan, integritas, ketepatan, ketenangan, perkiraan resiko, kesehatan fisik, kebebasan, dan dapat bergaul.  Hasil analisis memperlihatkan bahwa variabel minat wirausaha dipengaruhi modal, tenaga kerja, skill, lahan, dan jiwa kewirausahaan. Skill berpengaruh paling dominan terhadap minat wirausaha.Kata Kunci: Tenaga Kerja, Skill, Jiwa Wirausaha, Minat Wirausaha</p

Impact of Economic Factors Changes on Paddy Farmers Household Income in Lebak Swampland (Case of Swampland in HSU District, South Kalimantan Province-Indonesia)

Paddy farmer household at Lebak swampland are poor because of low income. Efforts to increase household paddy farmer’s income in Lebak swampland are always associated with the economic factor as price; subsidies and expansion area (extensification).  This study aims to analyze the impact of economic factors change on farm household incomes in the Lebak swampland. Data is analyzed by using agricultural economic household models, with simultaneous equations. The results showed that the increase in input prices of paddy (seeds, fertilizers, pesticides and labor outside the family) would decrease farmer household income. The increased of input price followed by an increased in paddy output price in same proportion were able to increase farm households income. Seed subsidies are also able to increase the household income. In contrast; paddy area expansion or extensification would decrease household income. Therefore, the expansion program option at lebak swampland is not priority choice. Keywords: Lebak swamplands; farmer income; extensification; inputs price, price of output