Angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitors and cytokines in heart failure: dose and effect?∗∗Editorials published in the Journal of the American College of Cardiologyreflect the views of the authors and do not necessarily represent the views of JACCor the American College of Cardiology.

Tyrosine hydroxylase (TH), a rate-limiting step in catecholamine synthesis in which its activity influences Alzheimer disease, Parkinson disease, and IQ of schizophrenia patients, has been studied for a long time. In the meantime, the present investigation assessed the effect of noggin and type of self-assembling nanofibers in TH gene over-expression by neuron-like cells derived from human endometrial-derived stromal cells (hEnSCs). Neuroblastoma cells and hEnSCs encapsulated into nanofibers including Matrigel, (RADA)4, laminin, and BMHP-1 motif bounded to (RADA)4 and their cell viability were studied for 48 h and 18 days in basal and neurogenic media, respectively, in noggin-rich media. Then, expression of neural genes and proteins has been investigated by immunocytochemistry (ICC) and real-time PCR methods, respectively. The results indicated that neuroblastoma cell and hEnSC viability is in good agreement with the level of Bcl2 and β-tubulin III gene expression; however, -BMHP-1 and -laminin nanofibers exhibited significantly higher cell viability eventually through Wnt/β-catenin signaling pathway as compared to others, respectively. The gene expression analysis of nanofibers showed that none of them induced gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA) gene expression while glial fibrillary acidic protein (GFAP) gene just over-expressed in cells encapsulated into Matrigel with a low level of Bcl2 gene expression. However, the TH gene just had been over-expressed in cells encapsulated into -laminin nanofiber and 2D cell culture. In the absence of noggin with -laminin nanofibers, TH gene expression was suppressed. It might be concluded that although noggin through anti-BMP pathways resulted in GFAP decrement and TH gene increment, the type of scaffold that defined the final fate of cells and -laminin accompaniment might be useful for the recovery of Alzheimer and Parkinson disease patients. © 2016 Springer Science+Business Media New Yor