The Relationships Between Egg Production, Age and The Hatching Traits of Pheasants

Pheasant rearing is rated in three main categories: show and hobby, public interest, and stocking for game birds and edible purposes. The goal of this pheasant breeding station is to put stocking for game birds in their natural habitat, mainly in the Karadeniz region. Contribution to the issues related to incubation in this station and determination of effective reproduction age by setting production period. The aim of this study is to determine how significant performance criteria like egg production, fertility, hatchability and embryonic mortality are, depending on age and on seasonal changes. Our research has been carried out at the Gelemen Pheasant Breeding Station in Samsun. The pheasant breeds that are used on the farm are made up of 114 male and 800 female pheasants (1♂:7♀), of Hungarian and Caucasian genotypes. During the egg-laying period, which lasts for 16 weeks from the end of March (at the age of 45 weeks) to the middle of July (at the age of 60 weeks), egg production was recorded daily and evaluated once a week, and incubation yield was recorded nine times in total. Differences between weeks of age, in terms of egg production, egg and chick weights, fertility rate, incubation yield and embryonic mortality, have been found to be statistically significant. However, hatchability has been found to be statistically insignificant

Examination of the Relationships between Internal and External Egg Quality Traits: A Structural Equation Model

This study aimed to determine the structural relationship between internal and external egg quality (IEEQ) traits. In this study, 114 eggs produced from 24 weeks-old laying hens reared at the Ondokuz Mayis University Research Farm were used. Egg weight (EW), egg width (EWi), egg length (EL) and shell weight (SW) measurements were examined as external quality traits. Also, albumen height (AH), albumen width (AW), yolk height (YH), yolk weight (YW) and yolk diameter (YD) parameters were used as internal quality traits. Structural Equation Model (SEM) was used to determine the relationships between IEEQ traits. Data analysis was performed with the LISREL package. It has been determined that the variables that are important in determining the external egg quality are SW, EWi and EL. When the variables explaining the internal traits were examined, it was determined that the YW, YD, AW, AH and YH were significant. It was determined that the relationship between external egg quality and internal quality was 0.96 and external quality explained the internal quality by 91%. It has been determined that the SEM used in this study is sufficient to explain the relationship between internal and external quality

Beyaz yumurtacı yerli Otoseks Hibritler' in elde edilmesinde ikili ve dörtlü melezleme yöntemlerinin karşılaştırılması

TEZ544Tez (Doktora) -- Çukurova Üniversitesi, Adana, 1988.Kaynakça (s. 108-119) var.viii, 121 s. ; 30 cm.

Etlik Piliç ve Ebeveynlerinin Gelişimi

Et tipi tavukların seleksiyonu öncelikle büyüme hızına ve vücut kompozisyonunun geliştirilmesine odaklanmıştır. Büyüme ve üreme ile ilgili özellikler arasındaki negatif ilişki ıslah ve yetiştiricilik uygulamalarını zorlaştırmaktadır. Tavuk ıslahıyla ilgili çalışmalar yaklaşık 150 yıllık bir geçmişe dayanıyor olmasına karşın üretimdeki verim artışları son 75 yıllık dönemde sağlanabilmiştir. Damızlık hayvanlar seçilirken; iskelet yapısı, vücut konformasyonu ve kondisyonu, morbidite vb. fenotipik özellikler dikkate alınmaktadır. Yıllar içinde etlik ebeveyn düzeyinde kuluçkalık yumurta sayısı, yumurta ağırlığı ve kuluçka randımanı açısından ilerleme kaydedilmiştir. Et tipi tavuklar için, 20. yüzyılın ilk çeyreğinde kesim yaşına kadar günlük canlı ağırlık artışı ortalama 8 g ve yemden yararlanma oranı 5,0 iken 21. yüzyılın başında bu özellikler için sırasıyla 66 g ve 1,7 değerlerine ulaşmıştır. Etlik piliç üretiminde kullanılan genotiplerin canlı ağırlığındaki ve yemden yararlanma oranındaki iyileşmede etkili asıl faktör genetik çalışmalardır. Bu gelişmelerin yanında, etlik piliçlerin bağışıklık sistemi, iskelet sistemi bozuklukları, yaşama gücü ve damızlıklardaki üreme ile ilgili bazı olumsuzluklar ortaya çıkan sorunlardır

Manure Management and Removal at Cage System

Cage poultry manure removal of the coop as soon as possible and in a healthy way is important for animal health and welfare. Addition to the negative effects of chicken manure has the potential to be a economic source. In the provinces where intensive poultry farming, are the manure a major environmental problem. Chicken manure can managed economically less harmful to the environment, energy production, the creation of manure and compost evaluated in terms of environmental health is seen as an important area of engagement

Goose Production in Province Yozgat

Determining the current situation of goose production and producers in Yozgat was aimed in this study. With this purpose, a survey study was performed with 200 goose producers around Yozgat. The production of the goose is done with the system of geese walk around the house in day time and they are housed in the night times with the aim of producing the meat requirement of the household. The geese are mainly produced in addition to other animal species, and commonly producers have 2-25 geese in winter and they get 11 eggs per goose, these eggs are naturally incubated and 8 chicks were produced per goose in this region. The geese are mainly slaughtered at 8 months age after selecting enough number of geese for breeding. A detailed study is needed to determine the main traits of goose production in Yozgat, because main data of this study is consist of survey study. The demand on the live goose in last years is a sign that there is a need on more productive goose varieties

Slaughter and Carcass Traits of White and Multicolor Geese Reared in Backyard in Yozgat

The aim of this study is to determine the slaughter and carcass traits of White and Multicolor Geese varieties reared in Yozgat province. 5 female and 5 male geese at six months old age from each variety were slaughtered and their slaughter and carcass traits were presented. Also, phenotypic correlations between carcass traits were calculated. The differences between the slaughter weight, hot and cold carcass weight, feather, head and foot weights of varieties were found insignificant, while male geese had higher values in terms of these traits. There were no significant differences between varieties and sexes in terms of hot and cold carcass yields and head ratio. Feather and foot ratios were found higher in White geese; whereas, abdominal fat ratio was found higher in Multicolor geese. There were insignificant differences between varieties in terms of carcass part weights, except back weight which was found higher in males. While heart weights of male geese were significantly higher, differences between varieties and sexes in terms of liver and gizzard weight were found insignificant. There were insignificant differences between the carcass parts and edible inner organ ratios of varieties, but breast ratio of females was found higher, while back ratio of males were found higher. Phenotypic correlation coefficients between slaughter weights, carcass weights and hot-cold carcass yields were found significant. Obtained data showed that native geese in the region are suitable for meat production in terms of slaughter and carcass traits

Economic Evaluation of Natural and Artificial Incubated Geese in Intensive and Free-Range Production Systems

This study executed the economic return of naturally and artificially hatched geese in intensive and free-range production systems at different fattening periods. The animal material was consisted of 216 goslings which were naturally and artificially hatched from the eggs collected from back-yard. Goslings and feed was the highest share of variable expenses. Highest net profit from live and carcass sales was obtained from geese which were artificially hatched and reared in intensive (YK) and free-range (YSG) systems until 14, 16 and 18 weeks of age. Live sale relative profit was found higher at 14 weeks in YK and YSG groups. Relative profit of carcass sales in YSG and YK groups at 14 and 16 weeks; and YK group at 18 weeks. As a conclusion, when we consider feed consumption, feed conversion ratio and probable mortality at older ages-related to metabolic problems; 14 weeks seemed as the optimal slaughter age and economic return for the naturally and artificially hatched geese which were reared in intensive and free-range systems

Based Materials and Base Material Management Used in Production on the Ground

A type of support material has significant contribution to performance and health of winged which are grown on settlement system including based material. Wood dusts, fodder, sawdust as generally based material are in common use and additionally regional materials are also in use. The base material is used in one and one more and ammonium and microbial loading is inclining due to the based material which is used. That’s why; management of based material is a crucial issue. To decline problems of performance and prosperity due to based material, physical, chemical and biological based material arranger usage is a significant. Consequently, demands to based material have increased on settlement system with based material. Hence, to consider based material and its choice and based material management, to decline adverse effect of based material to environment, and to preserve fertilizer value of based material, methods need to be developed