Coplanar Waveguide Fed Hexagonal Shaped Slot Antenna for Breast Tumor Detection

Breast cancer diagnosis is the second most mortal diseases for women in the worldwide. Recently microwave imaging has been the diagnostic techniques applied for the detection of breast cancer, heart stroke detection, brain cancer detection. A microwave imaging system requires an antenna which operates in an ultra wide band frequency range of 3.1 – 10.6 GHz and resonates at single and multiple frequencies. A novel coplanar waveguide fed micro-strip patch antenna is designed for the breast tumor detection based microwave imaging system which is the major objective presented in this paper. The design consists of coplanar waveguide fed hexagon shaped slotted patch antenna with dimension of 25x25x1mm3 and FR4 substrate of dielectric constant 4.4. Parametric analysis is performed and it provides a wide band of 2.3 GHz – 10.7 GHz and a fractional bandwidth of 129%. The design is very suitable for breast tumor detection. It provides a reflection loss of -49.8dB at 7GHz and VSWR <2 over 2.3 GHz – 10.7GHz

UWB Slotted Circular Disc Monopole Antenna with Inverted U Shaped Defected Ground Plane for Brain Cancer Detection

In this paper the new design of UWB inscribed slotted circular disc monopole antenna  is used in the detection of brain cancer is presented. The proposed antenna design  consists of circular patch and the bandwidth is increased to cover the UWB frequency range of 3.2 GHZ to 10.6GHZ by embedding  square shaped slot cut at the centre and a  pair of inverted U shaped cut in the  ground plane which gives a defected ground structure that provides the fractional bandwidth  more than 110%[3.2 -10.6GHZ]. The proposed antenna is designed and fabricated for brain cancer detection. FR4 substrate is used with printed circular monopole radius of 15mm and with finite ground plane of (60mm x 50mm). It is designed with thick substrate with the  thickness of h=1.6mm and high dielectric constant of εr=4.4. The voltage standing wave ratio is of (1-1.5). The proposed antenna design provides minimum return loss, better fractional bandwidth, satisfactorily radiation pattern

Natural feed additives as alternative to in-feed medication

The use of antibiotics in livestock production is very common and widespread. The reason for their use can be very diverse. Examples are the treatment of clinically sick animals, the improvement of growth performance, as well as the prevention of common bacterial infections. However, the extensive use of such antimicrobials raised concerns of increasing the incidence of resistant pathogenic bacteria, which has a negative impact not only on livestock production, but also on human health. In the last years, many different substances have been investigated as suitable alternatives to the use of antibiotics as growth promoting agents and as prophylactic substances

New Model for Examining the Energy Metabolism of Laying Hens

An experiment was conducted to evaluate the energy utilization of laying hens fed diets containing two energy concentrations, using a holistic approach includingmeasurement of productive, maintenance and storage energy. The experiment was a 2 x 2 factorial arrangementwith two feeding levels (ad libitum and restricted feeding of 90 g feed/hen-d), and two dietary energy levels (HE-high metabolizable energy or ME content of 2,880 kcal/kg; and LE-low ME content of 2,790 kcal/kg). A total of 60 HyLine W36 first-cycle laying hens were fed treatment dietsfor 12 wk from hen age 27 to 39 wk, with 15 individually housed hens for each of the four treatments. There were no interactions between feeding levels and dietary energy levels throughout the experiment. Feed restriction resulted in significant reductions (P ≤ 0.01) in egg production, body weight, and abdominal fat pad weight, indicating reduced nutrient availability to partition the energy towards production, maintenance, and storage functions, respectively. Reduced energy intake did not change the energy partitioned and utilized towards production (egg production) or maintenance (body weight), but significantly reduced (P = 0.03) the energy stored (reduced fat pad). These results suggest that energy utilization follows the pattern of production and maintenance before storage requirements in Hy-Line W36 laying hens

Thermal optical non-linearity of nematic mesophase enhanced by gold nanoparticles – an experimental and numerical investigation

In this work the mechanisms leading to the enhancement of optical nonlinearity of nematic liquid crystalline material through localized heating by doping the liquid crystals (LCs) with gold nanoparticles (GNPs) are investigated. We present some experimental and theoretical results on the effect of voltage and nanoparticle concentration on the nonlinear response of GNP-LC suspensions. The optical nonlinearity of these systems is characterized by diffraction measurements and the second order nonlinear refractive index, n 2 , is used to compare systems with different configurations and operating conditions. A theoretical model based on heat diffusion that takes into account the intensity and finite size of the incident beam, the nanoparticle concentration dependent absorbance of GNP doped LC systems and the presence of bounding substrates is developed and validated. We use the model to discuss the possibilities of further enhancing the optical nonlinearity

Seven Level Modified Cascaded Inverter for Induction Motor Drive Applications

In this paper, an H-bridge inverter topology with reduced switch count technique is introduced. This technique reduces the number of controlled switches used in conventional multilevel inverter. To establish a single phase system, the proposed multilevel inverter requires one H-bridge and a multi conversion cell. A multi conversion cell consists of three equal voltage sources with three controlled switches and three diodes. In conventional method, twelve controlled switches are used to obtain seven levels. Due to involvement of twelve switches the harmonics, switching losses, cost and total harmonic distortion are increased. This proposed topology also increases the level to seven with only seven controlled switches. It dramatically reduces the complexity of control circuit, cost, lower order harmonics and thus effectively reduces total harmonic distortion. Keywords: Cascaded Multilevel Inverter, H-bridge Inverter, Total Harmonic Distortion, Sinusoidal Pulse Width Modulation, Insulated Gate Bipolar Transisto

Impact of bottom trawling on water and sediment characteristics of Cuddalore and Parangipettai coastal waters

639-646The present study was carried out to understand the impact of bottom trawling on the hydrographic, nutrient and sediment characteristics of Cuddalore and Parangipettai coastal waters during April 2014–March 2015. The present study addressed the impact of trawling on the sediment re-suspension, biochemical composition and bioavailability of organic matter in two coastal waters off Bay of Bengal. Sampling was carried out in four depth stations at 10, 20, 30, 40 m. Water and sediment samples were collected before and after trawling. The variations in total organic carbon and sediment nutrients were prominent in relation to stations and seasons. Pronounced changes were observed in water nutrients before and after trawling, while there was a minor effect on dissolved oxygen, total organic carbon and sediment nutrients. Conforming to the results, the PCA plot drawn for both the regions also revealed similar trend by the fact that the water nutrients had positive correlation with samples collected after trawling in all the stations, while dissolved oxygen, soil nutrients and total organic carbon showed negative correlation with the samples collected before trawling in all the stations

Cost Reductive Laparoendoscopic Single Site Surgery Endotrainer and Animal Lab Training—Our Methodology

Laparoendoscopic single site surgery (LESS) is a new avenue in laparoscopic urology. The main advantage is the enhanced cosmetic benefits of single hidden scar. Lately many papers are being published on various procedures done by LESS. Like conventional laparoscopy, this approach is likely to be used more widely and hence exposure to this field is essential. However, formal training in this technique is not widely available. Expensive ports and nonavailability of endotrainer may be the factors deterring the training. We have modified the standard laparoscopic endotrainer with improvised ports, to make it suitable for single port laparoscopic training. For the animal lab training improvised ports and low cost instruments were used. Thus the overall cost of the training in LESS was reduced, and better confidence levels were achieved prior to human applications

Evaluation of Energy Values of Various Oil Sources when Fed to Broiler Chicks

The nitrogen-corrected apparent metabolizable energy (AMEn) values of seven different oil and fat sources used in broiler diets, primarily across the Midwestern US, were determined in a digestibility experiment. Fifteen days old, Ross 308 male broiler chicks were fed diets containing each oil or fat source at 0%, 3%, 6%, and 9% inclusion levels for 7 days before excreta samples were collected to analyze AMEn on day 21. The AMEn was calculated using 2 different methods, including a linear equation slope method as well as calculating the difference between basal diet and oil containing diets. The AMEn values determined by linear equation slope method for the oil and fat sources were generally in line with historic data. Differences in animalvegetable blended fats were observed and care should be given when using these sources in feed formulations. Direct comparison of the excess energy contributed by the 3% diets provided an average of 69% increase over the energy value derived from the equations. This increase in estimated energy can be attributed to an extra caloric effect of the additional fat due to increased digesta transit time and absorption rate of dietary energy