A STUDY OF USING E-RESOURCES BY RESEARCH SCHOLARS IN SELECTED INSTITUTIONS OF SOUTHERN TAMILNADU: RESEARCH METHODOLOGY

ABSTRACT Purpose: In this paper, the philosophical position of the scientist is investigated which will explain the purposes behind the decision approach utilized in this examination. In this way, the principal motivation behind this paper is to exhibit the examination approach and techniques utilized in this investigation to respond to the exploration questions and to accomplish the examination objective. Design / Methodology/ Approach Research Design is a groundbreaking strategy indicating the strategies and methodology controlling the specialist to gather their information and investigation their exploration. The most widely recognized research structures that analysts consistently use are exploratory, expressive, and easygoing. In the present investigation, a graphic and quantitative examination is utilized as a reason the examination to get and break down the information. Research Limitations The example was chosen from six regions of South Tamil Nadu, which incorporates Madurai, Dindigul, Kanyakumari, Sivagangai, Tirunelveli, and Virudhunagar. Hence a decent example is a smaller than normal rendition of the populace and a great example configuration includes the accompanying: • Sample Unit • Sample Size • Sampling Technique Originality / Value The polls were dispersed to examine researchers during 2015-2016. Information sources are named being either essential sources or auxiliary sources. A source is essential if the information gatherer is the one utilizing the information for the investigation. A source is optional if one association or individual has accumulated information to be utilized by another association or person. Both essential and optional information has been gathered in this exploration

Dental caries experience and treatment needs among 12-year-old schoolchildren in Chennai, Tamil Nadu

Aim: To evaluate the dental caries experience and treatment needs among 12-year-old schoolchildren in Chennai.Materials and Methods: This cross-sectional study was conducted on 714 12-year-old schoolchildren in Chennai. A cluster sampling methodology was used. Each school, which was selected through simple random sampling, was considered a cluster. New clusters were included until the desired sample size was achieved. Dentition status and treatment need index from the World Health Organization (WHO) oral health assessment form were used. From the raw data obtained, significant caries index score was calculated. Data were analyzed using SPSS software. Results: At 12 years of age, the prevalence of dental caries was 31% with a mean decay of 0.57±1.03. Females had a higher level of caries than males. The “decayed” component was the biggest contributor to the decayed missing and filled teeth index. The highest treatment need was one surface restoration. Conclusion: The caries experience of 12-year-old children was low as compared to the WHO - “recommended” values. Effective oral health promotion strategies need to be implemented to further improve the dental health of schoolchildren in Chennai city

Kinetic and stoichiometric characterisation of enriched Nitrosomonas and Nitrobacter cultures by decoupling the growth and energy generation processes

Biological nitrification and denitrification is the most economical and\ua0environmentally friendly technology for removing nitrogenous compounds from\ua0wastewater. Nitrification consists of two steps involving two groups of\ua0microorganisms collectively known as nitrifiers. The first step of nitrification, the oxidation of ammonium to nitrite, is carried out by ammonia oxidizing bacteria\ua0(AOB), while the second step, the oxidation of nitrite to nitrate is catalyzed by nitrite\ua0oxidizing bacteria (NOB). The understanding of the biochemistry and physiological behaviors of these organisms is highly beneficial for the design and optimization of\ua0biological nitrogen removal systems. The project aims to fill in the following\ua0knowledge gaps concerning the metabolism of both AOB and NOB: (i) the\ua0maintenance energy requirements and their dependency on the bacterial specific\ua0growth rates, (ii) the in-situ lysis rates, and (iii) the mechanism involved in the free\ua0ammonia and free nitrous acid inhibition on the metabolic processes of these\ua0microorganisms.This study uses enriched mixed cultures of ammonia and nitrite oxidizers, rather than\ua0pure cultures, to better represent the typical nitrifiers in treatment systems. Two labscale sequencing batch reactors were operated for the enrichment of AOB and NOB.\ua0Fluorescent In-Situ Hybridization (FISH) analysis showed that the reactors are 82%\ua0and 73% enriched with Nitrosomonas and Nitrobacter, respectively. The\ua0characteristics of Nitrosomonas and Nitrobacter were determined using the\ua0information obtained from batch tests carried out using the Titration and Off-Gas\ua0Analysis (TOGA) sensor, which allowed to investigate the energy production and\ua0growth processes separately through controlling the CO2\ua0supply to the biomass.\ua0The kinetic parameters determined include the specific maintenance energy\ua0consumption rates of both Nitrosomonas and Nitrobacter, as a function of specific\ua0growth rate, the in-situ lysis rates of these bacteria, as well as their maximum specific\ua0growth rates and affinity constants with respect to the key substrates. Utilizing the\ua0same method, the inhibitory effects of free ammonia (FA) and free nitrous acid (FNA)\ua0on the catabolic and anabolic mechanisms of both Nitrosomonas and Nitrobacter were\ua0evaluated separately.The main contributions of this thesis are as follows. Both Nitrosomonas and\ua0Nitrobacter spend significant amount of energy (about 65% for Nitrosomonas and 20-\ua075% for Nitrobacter) on maintenance processes, which may be partially responsible\ua0for the low cell growth yield often observed for these organisms. Further, it was\ua0observed that the maintenance energy demand of Nitrosomonas is likely independent\ua0of its specific growth rate, while that of Nitrobacter varies considerably with the\ua0specific growth rate and the dependency appears to be well described by the Pirt\ua0maintenance energy model.The in-situ lysis rates of both the Nitrosomonas and Nitrobacter cultures were\ua0determined as 0.26 d-1 (300C) and 0.07 d-1 (200C), respectively. These values appear to\ua0be lower than the aerobic lysis rates of nitrifiers (0.15-0.43 d-1 at 20-300C) commonly\ua0reported in literature using the starvation method. This is to our best knowledge the\ua0first time the in-situ lysis rates were directly determined from the activity of\ua0heterotrophic bacteria, which would not be possible with pure culture studies and/or\ua0with the starvation method.The inhibition studies conducted in this research demonstrated that FNA and FA\ua0rather than nitrite and ammonium are the actual inhibitors. FNA and FA were found to\ua0have much stronger inhibitory effect on the biosynthesis compared to the catabolic\ua0processes of nitrifiers. Further, it was revealed that Nitrobacter and Nitrosomonas\ua0possess different level of tolerance to FNA and FA.Both FA and FNA were found to have strong inhibition on the anabolic processes of\ua0Nitrobacter, but limited inhibitory effect on the catabolism of this culture. The\ua0biosynthesis of Nitrobacter was totally inhibited at an FA level of 6.0 mgNH3-N.L-1\ua0(or above) or an FNA level of 0.02 mgHNO2-N.L-1 (or above). At the same level of\ua0FA, the energy production capability of Nitrobacter was only inhibited by 12%,\ua0whereas an FNA level of up to 0.05 mgHNO2-N.L-1 did not show any inhibition on\ua0the energy production of Nitrobacter.FA up to 16.0 mgNH3-N.L-1 was found to not have any inhibitory effect on either the\ua0catabolic or anabolic processes of the Nitrosomonas culture, but both these processes\ua0were inhibited by FNA. While an FNA level of 0.40-0.63 mgHNO2-N.L-1 inhibited\ua0the energy production capability of Nitrosomonas by 50%, the growth process of the\ua0culture was completely inhibited by an FNA concentration of 0.40 mgHNO2-N.L-1.The results obtained in this Ph.D. research demonstrated that the energy decoupling\ua0method is a useful tool to determine the kinetic parameters of Nitrobacter and\ua0Nitrosomonas, and possibly other microorganisms that use different substrates as\ua0carbon and energy sources. Further, the data gained from the inhibition studies\ua0suggest that the different level of tolerance to FNA and FA inhibition by Nitrobacter\ua0and Nitrosomonas likely contribute to the elimination of nitrite oxidizers from the\ua0systems that treat high nitrogen load wastewater through partial nitrification.\ua0Moreover, the different inhibitory effect of FNA and FA on the anabolism and\ua0catabolism of these bacteria suggest that the inhibition on catabolic and anabolic\ua0processes should be investigated separately

A STUDY OF USING E-RESOURCES BY RESEARCH SCHOLARS IN SELECTED INSTITUTIONS OF SOUTHERN TAMILNADU: REGRESSION ANALYSIS

The present examination has been grasped to answer what is the impact of e-resources. This investigation relies upon the customer capacity of the assessment researchers of the picked association of southern Tamilnadu. E-Resources, particularly in advanced education and research, is getting a prime spot in scholastic exercises. The scholarly network is gradually exchanging over from utilizing print assets to e-assets. Changing the need for the scholarly network for e-assets makes another test to the library of the executives at chosen organizations. Studies are directed to think about the need for and utilization of e-assets for scholarly purposes. This investigation is planned for surveying the stretch out of the utilization of e-assets by research researchers and the personnel of chosen foundations of southern Tamilnadu. It is commonly seen that the scholarly network is very much aware of e-assets and keen on utilizing them to the greatest, and yet feels that the offices given are lacking to advance and reinforce the utilization of e-assets in scholastic establishments

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Not AvailableStudy of nitrogen release pattern from organic manures is very essential to ensure nitrogen supply in adequate quantity and at proper time to crop plants in an acid soil. A laboratory incubation experiment was conducted to determine the nitrogen release pattern from vermicompost (V.C), poultry manure (P.M), neem, inorganic fertilizer (I.O) and its combinations applied to an acid soil at two different rates. Cumulative nitrogen mineralization was significantly higher throughout the incubation period for I.O, V.C+P.M and I.O+V.C while it was two weeks after incubation for V.C and V.C+Neem due to the inhibitory effect of neem on nitrification. The results indicated a significant increase in the rate of N mineralization in the first one week in which the highest rate of 3.36 mg N day-1 was observed for inorganic fertilizer and thereafter it slowed down. V.C followed by V.C+Neem recorded higher rate of N mineralization of 0.24 and 0.23 mg day-1 respectively, from 48th days after incubation. V.C+Neem at 120 kg N equivalent ha-1 recorded the highest ammonia content of 42.1% to total available N while V.C+P.M recorded higher nitrate content of 82.3% at the end of the incubation period. Positive correlation between initial nitrogen and total mineralized N from the manures and fertilizers (R2 = 0.563) was observed. Furthermore, addition of organic manures resulted in increase in soil pH where as inorganic fertilizer showed a slight decrease (5.73) than control (5.78).Not Availabl

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Not AvailableStudy of nitrogen release pattern from organic manures is very essential to ensure nitrogen supply in adequate quantity and at proper time to crop plants in an acid soil. A laboratory incubation experiment was conducted to determine the nitrogen release pattern from vermicompost (V.C), poultry manure (P.M), neem, inorganic fertilizer (I.O) and its combinations applied to an acid soil at two different rates. Cumulative nitrogen mineralization was significantly higher throughout the incubation period for I.O, V.C+P.M and I.O+V.C while it was two weeks after incubation for V.C and V.C+Neem due to the inhibitory effect of neem on nitrification. The results indicated a significant increase in the rate of N mineralization in the first one week in which the highest rate of 3.36 mg N day-1 was observed for inorganic fertilizer and thereafter it slowed down. V.C followed by V.C+Neem recorded higher rate of N mineralization of 0.24 and 0.23 mg day-1 respectively, from 48th days after incubation. V.C+Neem at 120 kg N equivalent ha-1 recorded the highest ammonia content of 42.1% to total available N while V.C+P.M recorded higher nitrate content of 82.3% at the end of the incubation period. Positive correlation between initial nitrogen and total mineralized N from the manures and fertilizers (R2 = 0.563) was observed. Furthermore, addition of organic manures resulted in increase in soil pH where as inorganic fertilizer showed a slight decrease (5.73) than controlNot Availabl

OPTIMIZATION OF PROCESS PARAMETERS TO MINIMIZE ANGULAR DISTORTION IN GAS TUNGSTEN ARC WELDED STAINLESS STEEL 202 GRADE PLATES USING PARTICLE SWARM OPTIMIZATION

This paper presents a study on optimization of process parameters using particle swarm optimization to minimize angular distortion in 202 grade stainless steel gas tungsten arc welded plates. Angular distortion is a major problem and most pronounced among different types of distortion in butt welded plates. The process control parameters chosen for the study are welding gun angle, welding speed, plate length, welding current and gas flow rate. The experiments were conducted using design of experiments technique with five factor five level central composite rotatable design with full replication technique. A mathematical model was developed correlating the process parameters with angular distortion. A source code was developed in MATLAB 7.6 to do the optimization. The optimal process parameters gave a value of 0.0305° for angular distortion which demonstrates the accuracy of the model developed. The results indicate that the optimized values for the process parameters are capable of producing weld with minimum distortion