A simple method of studying winds in the ionosphere by using continuous-wave radio

Systematic study of horizontal movements in the ionosphere has been made during the past few years by using the spaced-transmitter technique developed by Munro, which is applicable only for the F2 region, and the spaced-receiver method first employed by Mitra. However, both these methods require elaborate and expensive ionospheric pulse-sounding equipment. We present here a simple method of studying winds in the ionosphere using continuous-wave transmissions and a simple receiver with a recording system

A comparative study of atomic absorption spectrophotometry and anodic stripping voltammetry for the determination of trace metals Zn, Cd, Pb and Cu in coastal waters of Visakhapatnam, east coast of India

365-369Concentration levels of some of the dissolved trace metals like Zn, .Cd, Pb and Cu have been determined in the coastal waters along three transects (Gangavaram, Harbour and Rushi hill) near Visakhapatnam. Estimations, made by anodic stripping voltammetry in the present study are in good agreement with the reported values by atomic absorption spectrophotometry. Vertical distribution of dissolved Zn, Cd and Cu showed an increasing trend from the surface waters to bottom. Surface depletion and bottom enrichment of these elements resembling those of the distribution pattern of nutrients are attributed to their involvement in bio-geochemical cycles. Dissolved Pb showed enrichment in surface compared to bottom waters indicating anthropogenic input. Dissolved Zn, Cd and Cu showed significant positive correlations among themselves and with nutrients indicating their common association and source of occurrence. The atomic ratios of Zn to Si and Cd to N were found to be higher while, that of Cd to P was lower when compared with those of the offshore waters of the Bay of Bengal. This was attributed to the differences in the biological uptake of these metals.</span

Nutrient relationships in the seaweeds of Visakhapatnam, east coast of India

43-46Systematic studies on C, N, P and their atomic ratios (C:N, N:P and C:N:P) have been reported in the seaweeds of Visakhapatnam coast. Variations in these components have been related to the position of algae in the intertidal zone, ambient medium concentration, nature of the species and class. While higher C:N ratios compared to other Indian seaweeds are attributed to nutrient enrichment in the ambient medium, lower N:P ratios are believed due to preferential accumulation of P over N

Distribution of major elements in seaweeds of Visakhapatnam, east coast of India

213-216Distribution of Na, K, Ca, Mg, Sr and ash has been reported in 24 seaweeds of Visakhapatnam coast. The order of abundance of the elements in seaweeds (Ca > K > Mg > Na > Sr) differs from that of seawater (Na > Mg > Ca > K) indicating preferential accumulation of K over. Na, and Ca over Mg in seaweeds resulting in higher K/Na and Ca/Mg ratios unlike in seawater. The extent of accumulation of elements differs in each class of algae and also from one species to the other in the same class

Trace metal distribution in marine algae of Visakhapatnam, east coast of India

142-146Marine algal species (24) representing Chlorophyta, Phaeophyta and Rhodophyta were analysed for trace metals Cr, Mn, Fe, Ni, Cu, Zn and Cd. Metal contents in the algae varied with the species, family and class, location and ambient medium. Green algae concentrate more trace metals than the brown or red algae. Based on the accumulation factors, Enteromorpha compressa has been identified as suitable indicator of trace metal (Cr, Zn and Cd) pollution in the region. Accumulation factors of trace metals in seaweeds showed significant inverse relation with their residence times in seawater indicating their dependence on the geochemical reactivity. On the other hand, they showed significant positive correlations with ionic potential, ionisation energy and electronegativity suggesting that the biochemical reactivity of the elements in seaweeds follow their chemical periodicity

Distribution Of Dissolved Trace-Metals In Western Bay Of Bengal

206-211Concentrations of Ni, Zn, Cd, Cu, Mn, Pb and Fe have been determined in 93 water samples (17 inshore and 7 offshore stations), collected at different depths, from the western Bay of Bengal (between visakhapatnam and Madras) during March 1988. Surface distributions reveal that relatively high concentrations of trace metals and nutrients are associated with low salinities in inshore and vice versa in the offshore waters. The depth profiles of Ni, Zn and Cd with surface depletion and bottom enrichment resemble those of nutrients indicating their involvement in the biogeochemical cycles. While the profiles of Cu are indicative of its involvement in the scavenging process at intermediate depth, those of Mn and Pb with surface enrichment and bottom depletion, appear to be controlled by river inputs and anthropogenic atmospheric flux. However, surface enrichment and bottom depletion observed in the case of Fe profiles, contrary to its normal oceanic distribution, are attributed to the precipitation and/or adsorption on suspended particles leading to its transport to the sediments. The atomic ratios of Ni, Zn and Cd with nutrients are evaluated through their regression equations and compared with those reported earlier for Pacific, Atlantic and Indian Oceans

An automated monitoring environment for the Kolar Gold Fields nucleon decay experiment

A versatile and automated monitoring environment has been developed to complement the data acquisition and trigger systems employed in the Kolar Gold Fields nucleon decay experiment. This article discusses the technical aspects of this environment in detail as well as the various facilities offered by it, in terms of detector maintenance and event data calibration. Novel design features, operating characteristics and capabilities of different monitors are highlighted