Adverse perinatal outcomes attributable to HIV in sub-Saharan Africa from 1990 to 2020: systematic review and meta-analyses

Background Maternal HIV infection and antiretroviral drugs (ARVs) are associated with increased risks of adverse perinatal outcomes. The vast majority of pregnant women living with HIV (WLHIV) reside in sub-Saharan Africa. We aimed to determine the burden of adverse perinatal outcomes attributable to HIV and ARVs in sub-Saharan Africa between 1990 and 2020. Methods We conduct a systematic review of studies on the association of pregnant WLHIV with adverse perinatal outcomes in sub-Saharan Africa. We perform random-effects meta-analyses to determine the risk difference (attributable risk, AR) of perinatal outcomes among WLHIV receiving no ARVs, monotherapy, or combination antiretroviral therapy (cART) initiated antenatally or preconception, compared to HIV-negative women. We estimate numbers of perinatal outcomes attributable to HIV and ARVs by combining the AR values with numbers of WLHIV receiving different ARV regimens in each country in sub-Saharan Africa annually between 1990 and 2020. Results We find that WLHIV receiving no ARVs or cART initiated antenatally or preconception, but not monotherapy, have an increased risk of preterm birth (PTB), low birthweight (LBW) and small for gestational age (SGA), compared to HIV-negative women. Between 1990 and 2020, 1,921,563 PTBs, 2,119,320 LBWs, and 2,049,434 SGAs are estimated to be attributable to HIV and ARVs in sub-Saharan Africa, mainly among WLHIV receiving no ARVs, while monotherapy and preconception and antenatal cART averted many adverse outcomes. In 2020, 64,585 PTBs, 58,608 LBWs, and 61,112 SGAs were estimated to be attributable to HIV and ARVs, the majority among WLHIV receiving preconception cART. Conclusions As the proportion of WLHIV receiving preconception cART increases, the burden of adverse perinatal outcomes among WLHIV in sub-Saharan Africa is likely to remain high. Systematic review registration number CRD4202124898

The Iowa Homemaker vol.2, no.3-4

Table of Contents What Do You Choose in Table Service? by Clara Jordan, page 1 The Home We Had to Have – and Had It by Katherine Goeppinger, page 2 Preparing to Meet the Linen Needs of Bridedom by Helen Paschal, page 3 Canning Without Mother for a Helper by Carrie Plunkett, page 4 Summing Up the Serving of Well Planned Meals by N. Beth Bailey, page 5 Finding Brushes to Fit Special Needs by Glenna Hesse, page 6 Bridal Showers of Blessings by Harriet Schleiter, page 7 The Art of Garnishing Foods by Mildred B. Elder, page 7 Who’s There and Where by Jeanette Beyer, page 10 Seasonable Desserts of Fruits and Berries by N. Beth Bailey, page 11 Forget It All-And a Picnicking Go! by Eleanor Murray, page 1

The Iowa Homemaker vol.2, no.7

Table of Contents What is Your Child When He is Malnourished? by Elizabeth Storm, page 1 Vitamins – Just What They Are by Florence E. Busse, page 2 Attractive Filler for Lunch Boxes by Blanche Ingersoll, page 3 The Throne Room of Childhood by Harriet Schleiter, page 4 “The Glory of the House is Hospitality” by Eda Lord Murphy, page 5 Indian Summer – The Season for Picnics by Esther Rayburn, page 5 Utilizing Nature in Entertaining by Clara Jordan, page 6 Rewelcoming the Old Rag Rug by Eleanor Murray, page 6 Who’s There and Where by Jeanette Beyer, page 9 Chicken of the Sea by Katherine Goeppinger, page 11 Our Aristocratic Weeds by Opal Wind, page 1

The Lantern Vol. 19, No. 3, Summer 1951

• Up in the Air • On Considering a Wallet\u27s State of Emptiness • You Came from Heaven • If At First • Memory of Winter Mornings • The Night We All Got Drunk • Composer Thomas Waller Enters into Heaven • Elegy in Times Square • To Spring • The Cliff of Morality • An Evening Drive • Liberty • Begone • Limerick with a Leer • Two Allusive Limerickshttps://digitalcommons.ursinus.edu/lantern/1054/thumbnail.jp

Recasting Jung Through an Indigenist Approach to Deepen Shared Knowledges of Well-being and Healing on Australian Soils: Protocol for a Qualitative Landscape Research Study

Background: The colonization of Australia is responsible for complex layers of trauma for the First Nations peoples of the continent. First Nations Australians' well-being is irrevocably tied to the well-being of the land. The application of a landscape-based approach to collaborative research shows promise in enabling genuine relationships that yield rich and informative data. However, there is a lack of practical evidence in the field of landscape research—research tied to First Nations Australians' worldviews of landscape.Objective: This study aims to deepen shared knowledges of well-being and healing on Australian soils. We aim to examine ritual co-design as a novel method for deepening these shared knowledges.Methods: This research comprises a qualitative and participatory action research design operationalized through an Indigenist approach. It is a 2-phase project that is co-designed with First Nations Australians. Phase 1 of this project is a relational study that endeavors to deepen the theory underpinning the project, alongside the development of meaningful and reciprocal community connections. Phase 2 is a series of 3 participatory action research cycles to co-design a new communal ritual. This process seeks to privilege First Nations Australians' voices and ways of knowing, which are themselves communal, ritual, and symbolic. The framework developed by psychiatrist Carl Jung informs the psychological nature of the enquiry. An Indigenist approach to landscape research recasts the Jungian frame to enable a culturally safe, context-specific, and landscape-based method of qualitative research.Results: The research is in the preliminary stages of participant recruitment. It is expected that data collection will commence in late 2022.Conclusions: It is expected that this qualitative and co-designed project will strengthen the cross-cultural co-designer relationships and that the data gathered from these relationships, and the accompanying practical outcomes, will provide new insight into the interaction between human and landscape well-being. The field of landscape research is in an embryonic phase. This new field is embedded in the understanding that First Nations Australians' well-being is irrevocably tied to the well-being of the land, and this study seeks to build on this evidence base. A strength of this research is the relational methodology, in which First Nations Peoples' needs and desires will inform future research directions. It is limited by its context specific nature; however, it is expected that findings will be usable in guiding future research directions in the multidisciplinary field of landscape research

The Iowa Homemaker vol.2, no.11

Table of Contents From “Third Floor Back” to Front Line Rank by Clara Jordan, page 1 The Whys and Wherefores of Correspondence by Mildred Boyt, page 2 That Finishing Touch for Flaws or Floors by Ruth Knutsen, page 3 The Shoddy Time of Year by Harriet Schleiter, page 4 Forgive Us This Day Our Idiosyns by Eda Lord Murphy, page 4 The Youthful Guest by Esther Ellen Rayburn, page 5 Have for Your “Shrine” a Mirror by Eleanor Murray, page 6 Radiator – Less Gilt and More Heat by Mabel Russell, page 6 Children as Helpers by Hope Field, page 7 Miss Rosamond Cook Publishes Books by Llyra Price, page 7 Who’s There and Where by Jeanette Beyer, page 8 Refilling the Household Linen Chest by Opal Milligan, page 1

The Iowa Homemaker vol.3, no.10

Table of Contents Activities of the Merrill Palmer School by Edna E. Walls, page 1 Specific Helps on Everyday Teaching Problems by Florence E. Busse, page 2 Winter Diets and the Elusive Meal by Lucile Barta, page 2 Modern Women and Floriculture by E. C. Volz, page 3 Historic Costume the Mother of Modern Vogue by Clara Jordan, page 4 Feeding the Multitude by Gertrude E. Murray, page 5 Our Travels in France by Josephine Arnquist, page 6 The Evolution of Home Economics at Iowa State by Ruth Elaine Wilson, page 8 The Power of Music by Oscar Hatch Hawley, page 9 To Judge of a Bargain by Mildred Briggs, page 9 Who is Responsible for the Child? by Louise Crawford, page 1

Fluorescent Chemosensors for Toxic Organophosphorus Pesticides: A Review

Many organophosphorus (OP) based compounds are highly toxic and powerful inhibitors of cholinesterases that generate serious environmental and human health concerns. Organothiophosphates with a thiophosphoryl (P=S) functional group constitute a broad class of these widely used pesticides. They are related to the more reactive phosphoryl (P=O) organophosphates, which include very lethal nerve agents and chemical warfare agents, such as, VX, Soman and Sarin. Unfortunately, widespread and frequent commercial use of OP-based compounds in agricultural lands has resulted in their presence as residues in crops, livestock, and poultry products and also led to their migration into aquifers. Thus, the design of new sensors with improved analyte selectivity and sensitivity is of paramount importance in this area. Herein, we review recent advances in the development of fluorescent chemosensors for toxic OP pesticides and related compounds. We also discuss challenges and progress towards the design of future chemosensors with dual modes for signal transduction. © 2010 by the authors; licensee MPDI, Basel, Switzerland

The Iowa Homemaker vol.10, no.5

Spinach, Codliver Oil and Americanization by Mary H. Anderson, page 1 Prepare to Dye! by Helen Penrose and Elizabeth Flynn, page 2 Gas and It’s Family Tree by Thelma Carlson, page 3 Dance Your Way to Happiness by Jerry Martin, page 3 Who’s Boss, You or Your Kitchen? by Thelma Carlson, page 4 Make the Most of Linoleum by Edna Rhoads, page 4 “All the World’s a Stage..” by Mary Louise Murray, page 5 4-H Club by Clara Austen, page 6 Developing the You-ness of You by Grace Hoover, page 6 The Treasure Chest by Dorothy Clements, page 7 State Association by Marcia E. Turner, page 8 Open Season for Colds – Have One by Anafred Stephenson, page 9 The Child Who Will Not Eat by Lorraine Sandstrom, page 10 Editorial, page 11 Alumnae News, page 12 The Little Elves in Fondant by Thelma Carlson, page 13 Madame Browses in Books, page 1