The Pacific King and the Militant Prince?:Representation and Collaboration in the Letters Patent of James I, creating his son, Henry, Prince of Wales

The relationship of King James VI and I with his elder son and heir, Prince Henry Frederick, has received much scholarly attention in recent years. James has often been portrayed as a resentful father whose peaceful policies were at odds with his son’s martial interests and militant Protestantism. With reference to the Letters Patent of James I, creating his son Henry, Prince of Wales and Earl of Chester (1610, British Library, Additional MS 36932), this article reassesses their familial and political relationship, as well as its contemporary representation. Decorated with two superb and extremely detailed miniature portraits of the King and his son, here their conflicting iconographical identities were carefully managed and depicted in finely balanced harmony. Questions of artistic attribution, patronage and display are addressed, while the Patent’s imagery is contextualized by analysis of its use during the ceremonial investiture of Henry as Prince of Wales and consideration of the surrounding celebrations. The Letters Patent is a complex object, containing a variety of visual and textual material which can only be properly understood when its contents, context and function are considered in their entirety

“Wee reign in heaven”: the representation, commemoration and enduring memory of the deceased prince under the Stuart monarchy.

This thesis examines the consequences and implications of the premature deaths of royal heirs in seventeenth-century Britain. In just four generations between 1603 and 1700 the Stuart dynasty suffered the loss of over twenty-five legitimate offspring before their twenty-first year. Several of these deaths had significant political repercussions, threatening both the continuity of the royal line and consequently the security of the nation. The cultural memory of these lost heirs continued decades and even centuries later. My work seeks to establish the historical significance of their long-lasting appeal by assessing their princely representation in life and analysing its development after death. This study is firmly located within visual culture. However, definitions and classifications of the “visual” are necessarily broad. The emphasis is upon the consideration of seventeenth-century British art as part of a wider cultural process. The opening chapter addresses an apparently obvious, though somewhat neglected, issue - the critical importance of royal heirs. Through examination of the imagery and ceremonial attached to Stuart childbearing and christenings, it asserts the real symbolic significance of princely progeny. Chapter Two develops the study of youthful princely representation. It assesses the portrayal of Stuart heirs as they matured and seeks to identify the principal characteristics. Specifically, it is argued that, from a young age, the projection of Protestantism and martial aptitude was crucial to the formation of their personae. Chapter Three analyses how deceased Stuart heirs were commemorated in the months and years immediately after their deaths. It is contended that the enduring memory of these princes was the result, not of official commemoration, but of the large-scale public response to their deaths. The loss of an heir not only threatened the future of the dynasty but also the stability of the realm. The fourth chapter explores how, through visual and cultural propaganda, the surviving Stuarts attempted to re-group and to assuage social and political anxieties. Chapters Five and Six assess the long-term legacy of these princes in the decades and centuries after their deaths, as well as the political circumstances which gave rise to their enduring memory. These concluding chapters reveal the extent to which memories of deceased Stuart princes lingered, asserting that their representations were often employed for negotiation of the issues and anxieties of later ages. Throughout, my work seeks to establish the importance of these lost heirs and protectors of the Stuart Protestant line. I have endeavoured to retrieve the reputations of princes who came to represent potent symbols of both promise and loss

Perspectives of crisis intervention for people diagnosed with 'borderline personality disorder': an integrative review.

What is known on the subject? - People diagnosed with 'BPD' often experience crisis and use services 'BPD' is a controversial diagnosis, and the experience of crisis and crisis intervention is not well understood. What this paper adds to existing knowledge? - People diagnosed with 'BPD' have different experiences of crisis, and using the diagnosis alone as a basis for deciding care and treatment is not appropriate There are many human factors which can influence how professionals deliver care to people diagnosed with 'BPD'. What are the implications for practice? - The education of staff, views on responsibility, team conflicts and access to clinical supervision can have an impact on how care is delivered, and should be addressed by organizations providing crisis care. Access to care often occurs when a person is self-harming or suicidal, but does not address underlying distress. Crisis care should go beyond managing behaviour and address any underlying needs. Abstract: Introduction 'Borderline personality disorder' ('BPD') is associated with frequent use of crisis intervention services. However, no robust evidence base supports specific interventions, and people's experiences are not well understood. Aim: To explore the experiences of stakeholders involved in the crisis care of people diagnosed with 'BPD'. Method: Integrative review with nine databases searched January 2000 to November 2017. The search filtered 3,169 titles and abstracts with 46 full-text articles appraised and included. Results: Four themes were constructed from thematic analysis: crisis as a recurrent multidimensional cycle, variations and dynamics impacting on crisis intervention, impact of interpersonal dynamics and communication on crisis, and balancing decision-making and responsibility in managing crisis. Discussion: Crisis is a multidimensional subjective experience, which also contributes to distress for family carers and professionals. Crisis interventions had limited and subjective benefit. They are influenced by accessibility of services, different understandings of 'BPD' and human dynamics in complex decision-making, and can be experienced as helpful or harmful. Implications for practice Subjectivity of crisis experiences shows limitations of the diagnostic model of 'BPD', emphasizing that interventions should remain person-centred. While thresholds for intervention are often met after self-harm or suicidality, professionals should review approaches to care and support people with underlying distress