Ultimatum Bargaining by Children and Adults

Recent research on ultimatum bargaining, the fact that children often confront and use ultimatums, and theories of developmental psychology all combine to suggest that studying children's ultimatum behavior will be particularly enlightening, both theoretically and with respect to the development of bargaining behavior. The results from two experiments indicate that younger children made larger o?ers and accepted smaller o?ers than older participants. Boys took greater strategic advantage of asymmetric information than girls; this dichotomy began with nine-year-olds (third graders) and continued for twelve- and fifteen-year-olds (sixth and ninth graders) as well as for college students. Like adults, children accepted smaller o?ers when they did not know how much was being divided. Older children required increasingly higher o?ers, except for college students who were willing to accept considerably less than others. Also, some of the nine-year-olds displayed an extremely strong sense of fairness. The discussion focuses on the development of bargaining strategies and concerns for fairness.Adults, children, fairness, ultimatum bargaining

When Talk is Not Cheap: Substantive Penance and Expressions of Intent in Rebuilding Cooperation

Interpersonal relationships can be fragile. The mere perception of opportunistic behavior can lead to a breakdown in cooperation. Once damaged, the question then arises as to whether and how cooperation might be restored. Noncooperative game theory raises serious doubts about the possibilities, although interactional justice and impression management research have shown that verbal explanations can dampen reactions to aversive behavior. Philosophical, anthropological, and ethological research all suggest that genuine forgiveness may require something more tangible and substantive than an explanation. Thus, the current experiment investigated the effects of explanations and varying forms of substantive amends on the restoration of mutual cooperation. The results confirm that rebuilding cooperation is feasible. Apologies and simple explanations can be effective to a degree, though substantive amends have significantly more positive effects than explanations alone. In contrast to prior findings on interactional justice, acknowledgments were more effective than denials in repairing short interactions. This research demonstrates that, once breached, cooperation can be reestablished and that actions as well as explanations and apologies can augment the process in important and sometimes subtle ways

The effects of leadership involvement and the value of the task on subordinates' performance / 275

Includes bibliographical references

Experience and coalition behavior question of generalizability / BEBR No. 568

Bibliography: leaves 13-15

The dynamics of intense work groups : a study of British string quartets / 1689

Includes bibliographical references (p. 37-38)

Intravention : third-party intervention with a clout

Includes bibliographical references (p. 27-29)

A test of the nominal and Delphi techniques in groups of different sizes / BEBR No. 470

Bibliography: leaves 14-15

Do nothing! : menjadi pemimpin efektif tanpa harus mengatur secara berlebihan/ Murnighan

xiii, 266 hal.; 23 c