Boxplots of the log odds-ratios estimated from 2000 simulations under various situations for each of the five methods (from left to right: , , , , ).

<p>The sample size is and the proportion of compliers is . The horizontal dashed line represents the true log odds-ratio.</p

Directed acyclic graph (DAG) representing conditional independencies (by the absence of arrows) between the genetic instrument <i>Z</i>, the risk factor <i>X</i>, the outcome <i>Y</i> and the confounders <i>U</i>.

<p>Directed acyclic graph (DAG) representing conditional independencies (by the absence of arrows) between the genetic instrument <i>Z</i>, the risk factor <i>X</i>, the outcome <i>Y</i> and the confounders <i>U</i>.</p

Allocation of the individuals of our example according to <i>Z</i>, <i>X</i> and <i>Y</i>.

<p>Allocation of the individuals of our example according to <i>Z</i>, <i>X</i> and <i>Y</i>.</p

IQR of the log odds-ratios estimated from 2000 simulations under various situations for each of the five methods in function of the proportion of compliers .

<p>IQR of estimates (dashed-dotted line), (dashed line), (dotted line) and (solid line) have been divided by the IQR of estimate . The sample size is .</p

Allocation of the <i>n</i> individuals of a sample according to <i>Z</i>, <i>X</i> and <i>Y</i>.

<p>Allocation of the <i>n</i> individuals of a sample according to <i>Z</i>, <i>X</i> and <i>Y</i>.</p

Summary results of 2000 simulations under various situations for each of the five methods.

<p>Summary results of 2000 simulations under various situations for each of the five methods.</p

Data_Sheet_1_Aging and hypertension in kidney function decline: A 10 year population-based study.DOCX

BackgroundAging is associated with a physiological decline in kidney function (KFD). In this study, we aimed to describe the impact of age on the rate of KFD and its interplay with risk factors for chronic kidney disease (CKD), considering mainly hypertension (HT), in the general population.Materials and methodsParticipants of European descent, aged 35–75, were recruited from a populational cohort in Lausanne, Switzerland. Participants with a 10 year follow-up were selected. KFD was defined as the difference in estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR) between baseline and follow-up, divided by the observation period. Multivariate linear regressions were used with KFD as the outcome and age as the main predictor. HT was tested as a modifying factor.ResultsWe included 4,163 participants with mean age 52.2 ± 10.4, 44.7% men, 31.9% HT, and 5.0% diabetics. Mean baseline eGFR was 85.9 ± 14.6 ml/min/1.73 m2. Mean KFD was –0.49 ± 1.08 ml/min/1.73 m2 per year with 70% of participants decreasing their eGFR during follow-up. The relationship between age and KFD was non-linear and age was divided in tertiles. Old participants had faster rates of KFD as compared to young and middle-age participants (p ConclusionA physiological KFD is present over time in the general population. Age contributes non-linearly to the rate of this decline with older subjects declining the fastest. The presence of HT is a major contributing factor in this setting as KFD worsened with age only in hypertensive participants. Thus, HT represents an important pathological factor aggravating the age-related physiological decline in eGFR in the general population.</p

Multivariate associations (odds ratios, 95%CI, p values) of characteristics with hypertension, hypertension unawareness, untreated hypertension and uncontrolled hypertension, for the period 1999–2003 and 2004–2009.

<p>Odds ratios with p values <0.05 are marked with an asterix.</p

sj-docx-1-pus-10.1177_09636625231183265 – Supplemental material for Between data providers and concerned citizens: Exploring participation in precision public health in Switzerland

Supplemental material, sj-docx-1-pus-10.1177_09636625231183265 for Between data providers and concerned citizens: Exploring participation in precision public health in Switzerland by Nolwenn Bühler, Annika Frahsa, Réjane Morand Bourqui, Natalie Von Götz, Murielle Bochud and Francesco Panese in Public Understanding of Science</p

Participants’ characterisitics, values are Mean (SD) or N (%).

<p>BMI, body mass index; SBP, systolic blood pressure; DBP, diastolic blood pressure; HTN, hypertension.</p