Population structure and genetic bottleneck in sweet cherry estimated with SSRs and the gametophytic self-incompatibility locus

<p>Abstract</p> <p>Background</p> <p>Domestication and breeding involve the selection of particular phenotypes, limiting the genomic diversity of the population and creating a bottleneck. These effects can be precisely estimated when the location of domestication is established. Few analyses have focused on understanding the genetic consequences of domestication and breeding in fruit trees. In this study, we aimed to analyse genetic structure and changes in the diversity in sweet cherry <it>Prunus avium </it>L.</p> <p>Results</p> <p>Three subgroups were detected in sweet cherry, with one group of landraces genetically very close to the analysed wild cherry population. A limited number of SSR markers displayed deviations from the frequencies expected under neutrality. After the removal of these markers from the analysis, a very limited bottleneck was detected between wild cherries and sweet cherry landraces, with a much more pronounced bottleneck between sweet cherry landraces and modern sweet cherry varieties. The loss of diversity between wild cherries and sweet cherry landraces at the <it>S</it>-locus was more significant than that for microsatellites. Particularly high levels of differentiation were observed for some <it>S</it>-alleles.</p> <p>Conclusions</p> <p>Several domestication events may have happened in sweet cherry or/and intense gene flow from local wild cherry was probably maintained along the evolutionary history of the species. A marked bottleneck due to breeding was detected, with all markers, in the modern sweet cherry gene pool. The microsatellites did not detect the bottleneck due to domestication in the analysed sample. The vegetative propagation specific to some fruit trees may account for the differences in diversity observed at the <it>S</it>-locus. Our study provides insights into domestication events of cherry, however, requires confirmation on a larger sampling scheme for both sweet cherry landraces and wild cherry.</p

Diversité génétique du cerisier doux (Prunus avius L.) sur son aire de répartition (comparaison avec ses espèces apparentées (P. cerasus et P. x gondouinii) et son compartiment sauvage)

MONTPELLIER-SupAgro La Gaillarde (341722306) / SudocSudocFranceF

Domestication et histoire évolutive des espèces fruitières : que pouvons-nous apprendre des études de génétique ? Exemples chez les Rosacées

Chapitre 5National audienc

La sélection du soja en France : Quel état des lieux ?

National audienceCultivated soybean [Glycine max (L.) Merr.], one of the major crops used as animal and human foods, is mainly cultivated in Argentina, Brazil, China and USA. In France, cultivated area remains low despite the interest of research and development institutes and the request of industry for non GMO seeds. After a presentation of the evolutionary history of this species, this paper is focused on the plant breeding effort realised in France in connection with research works. Special attention was paid to plant physiology knowledge development, plant stress tolerance which impacted the development of new raw material for plant breeding. The effort done by GIE Soja to continue soybean breeding programme is illustrated through 2 examples: hybridization to create new segregating populations and the improvement of seed protein content.Alors que le soja est une culture de première importance dans les échanges mondiaux, cette espèce reste peu développée en France malgré les efforts mis en oeuvre par la recherche, le développement et la demande croissante des transformateurs de graines non OGM en alimentation humaine et animale. Après avoir revu quelques traits d’histoire évolutive de cette espèce, cette présentation va s’attacher au développement de l’offre variétale en France et à la nature des programmes des recherches ayant impacté cette création variétale. Les travaux liés à la connaissance de la physiologie de la plante, à sa réponse adaptative à différents stress sont résumés. L’effort réalisé par le GIE soja pour intégrer ces connaissances afin de maintenir et améliorer l’efficience des programmes de sélection sur cette espèce est illustré à partir de 2 exemples : la création de nouvelles populations et l’amélioration de la teneur en protéines

Insights into the evolutionary history of sweet cherry (prunus avium L.)

International audienc

Diversité genetique des cerisiers (Prunus avium, P. cerausus et P. X. gondouini)

National audienc