37 research outputs found
Path to Good Quality and Affordable Housing Is More Difficult for Refugee Claimants Than for Sponsored Refugees
More formal supports for getting affordable and good quality housing are needed for the refugee population in Canada, especially for refugee claimants. While the support of family, friends, and the local community can help refugees who are looking for housing, government and community organizations are better able to provide professional advice and act as guarantors for landlords. Refugees continue to pay too much for housing. They also live in generally poor conditions. The goal is to provide refugees with permanent housing which will help their integration into Canadian society.York's Knowledge Mobilization Unit provides services and funding for faculty, graduate students, and community organizations seeking to maximize the impact of academic research and expertise on public policy, social programming, and professional practice. It is supported by SSHRC and CIHR grants, and by the Office of the Vice-President Research & Innovation.
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Affordable Housing Is Crucial to Successful Integration of Immigrants in Toronto
The present rental housing market in Toronto does not have the variety, affordability, and access that is needed to help immigrants to successfully integrate into Canadian society. More attention needs to be paid to the unique housing challenges faced by many of Toronto’s immigrant groups. These groups face challenges based on size of household, income, and discriminatory barriers when searching for affordable housing.York's Knowledge Mobilization Unit provides services and funding for faculty, graduate students, and community organizations seeking to maximize the impact of academic research and expertise on public policy, social programming, and professional practice. It is supported by SSHRC and CIHR grants, and by the Office of the Vice-President Research & Innovation.
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Does the Tendency of Immigrants to Settle in Big Canadian Cities and in Enclaves Within These Cities Help Their Integration into Canadian Society?
The number of immigrants arriving in Canada is bound to either stay the same or increase in the future. Expanding access to services for newcomers remains a big challenge for federal and provincial governments. This challenge has only increased in recent years as newcomers opt to live in concentrated ethnic enclaves. Many immigrants prefer ethnic enclaves because they enjoy greater links to family and community, get to speak their native language, and are able to access ethnically oriented businesses. A large amount of federal funding is needed to create settlement services outside of major Canadian cities in order to attract immigrants beyond their preferred ethnic enclaves. Greater co-ordination between all levels of government, employers, and Non Governmental Organizations is also needed to effectively attract and accommodate immigrants in smaller communities.York's Knowledge Mobilization Unit provides services and funding for faculty, graduate students, and community organizations seeking to maximize the impact of academic research and expertise on public policy, social programming, and professional practice. It is supported by SSHRC and CIHR grants, and by the Office of the Vice-President Research & Innovation.
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The effects of problem-oriented policing on crime and disorder
Problem-oriented Policing (POP) was first introduced by Herman Goldstein in 1979. The
approach was one of a series of responses to a crisis in effectiveness and legitimacy in
policing that emerged in the 1970s and 1980s. Goldstein argued that police were not
being effective in preventing and controlling crime because they had become too focused
on the “means” of policing and had neglected the “goals” of preventing and controlling
crime and other community problems. Goldstein argued that the unit of analysis in
policing must become the “problem” rather than calls or crime incidents as was the case
during that period. POP has had tremendous impact on American policing, and is now
one of the most widely implemented policing strategies in the US.
To synthesize the extant problem-oriented policing evaluation literature and assess the
effects of problem-oriented policing on crime and disorder
Eligible studies had to meet three criteria: (1) the SARA model was used for a problemoriented
policing intervention; (2) a comparison group was included; (3) at least one
crime or disorder outcome was reported with sufficient data to generate an effect size.
The unit of analysis could be people or places.
Several strategies were used to perform an exhaustive search for literature fitting the
eligibility criteria. First, a keyword search was performed on an array of online abstract
databases. Second, we reviewed the bibliographies of past reviews of problem-oriented
policing. Third, we performed forward searches for works that have cited seminal
problem-oriented policing studies. Fourth, we performed hand searches of leading
journals in the field. Fifth, we searched the publications of several research and
professional agencies. Sixth, after finishing the above searches we e-mailed the list of
studies meeting our eligibility criteria to leading policing scholars knowledgeable in the
area of problem-oriented policing to ensure we had not missed any relevant studies.
For our ten eligible studies, we provide both a narrative review of effectiveness and a
meta-analysis. For the meta-analysis, we coded all primary outcomes of the eligible
studies and we report the mean effect size (for studies with more than one primary
outcome, we averaged effects to create a mean), the largest effect, and the smallest effect.
Because of the heterogeneity of our studies, we used a random effects model.
Based on our meta-analysis, overall problem-oriented policing has a modest but
statistically significant impact on reducing crime and disorder. Our results are consistent
when examining both experimental and quasi-experimental studies.
Conclusions:
We conclude that problem-oriented policing is effective in reducing crime and disorder,
although the effect is fairly modest. We urge caution in interpreting these results because
of the small number of methodologically rigorous studies on POP and the diversity of
problems and responses used in our eligible studies
The housing careers of Polish and Somali newcomers in Toronto’s rental market. Housing Studies, 17, 423-443. Also on: [http://www.library.utoronto.ca/hnc/publish/index.htm] http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/02673030220134935
Diversity and Concentration in Canadian Immigration: Trends in Toronto, Montréal and Vancouver, 1971–2006
The Impact of Gentrification on Ethnic Neighbourhoods in Toronto: A Case Study of Little Portugal
Despite extensive literature on the nature and impact of gentrification, there has been little consideration of the effects of gentrification on ethnic neighbourhoods. This study evaluates the negative and positive effects of gentrification on the Portuguese in west central Toronto. Details concerning the settlement patterns of the Portuguese, the characteristics of Portuguese residents and patterns of gentrification in inner-city Toronto were obtained from census data. Evaluations of neighbourhood change and attitudes of the residents towards gentrification were obtained from key informant and focus group interviews. The results suggest considerable ambivalence among the respondents, but most agreed that the long-term viability of Little Portugal as an immigrant reception area with a good supply of low-cost housing is in doubt.