Local Distribution Obfuscation via Probability Coupling

We introduce a general model for the local obfuscation of probability distributions by probabilistic perturbation, e.g., by adding differentially private noise, and investigate its theoretical properties. Specifically, we relax a notion of distribution privacy (DistP) by generalizing it to divergence, and propose local obfuscation mechanisms that provide divergence distribution privacy. To provide f-divergence distribution privacy, we prove that probabilistic perturbation noise should be added proportionally to the Earth mover's distance between the probability distributions that we want to make indistinguishable. Furthermore, we introduce a local obfuscation mechanism, which we call a coupling mechanism, that provides divergence distribution privacy while optimizing the utility of obfuscated data by using exact/approximate auxiliary information on the input distributions we want to protect.Comment: Full version of Allerton 2019 paper (This paper extends some part of the unpublished v3 of arXiv:1812.00939, while v4 of arXiv:1812.00939 extends the other part and is published in ESORICS'19.

現代におけるサイト・スペシフィック彫刻論 : 日本のアート・プロジェクトを中心に

広島大学(Hiroshima University)博士(学術)Philosophydoctora

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科学研究費補助金基盤研究(A)「グローバル化と開発途上国のガバナンス構築--アンデス諸国の比較研究--」(研究代表者：村上勇介)京都大学地域研究統合情報センター相関地域研究プロジェクト「22 世紀の『国家』像--共存空間の再編--」複合共同研究ユニット「『民主化』と体制転換の地域間比較研究」個別共同研究ユニット「現代アンデス諸国の社会変動

RIP Kinase-Mediated Necrosis as an Alternative Mechanism of Photoreceptor Death

Photoreceptor cell death is the terminal event in a variety of retinal disorders including age-related macular degeneration, retinitis pigmentosa, and retinal detachment. Apoptosis has been thought to be the major form of cell death in these diseases, however accumulating evidence suggests that another pathway, programmed necrosis is also important. Recent studies have shown that, when caspase pathways are blocked, receptor interacting protein (RIP) kinases promote necrosis and overcome apoptosis inhibition. Therefore, targeting of both caspase and RIP kinase pathways are required for effective photoreceptor protection. Here, we summarize the current knowledge of RIP kinase-mediated necrotic signaling and its contribution to photoreceptor death

Solute distribution in porous rhyolite as evaluated by sequential centrifugation

International audiencePore water in a porous rhyolite, having a porosity of 27% and pore radii ranging from >25 μm to 0.008 μm, was centrifugally extracted stepwise with increasing centrifugal speed to examine the potential variations of the compositions of pore water and their relationships to reaction and transport occurring in the rock. The rock was soaked for from 1 h to 7 days in an aqueous solution prior to centrifugation. To evaluate the effect of adsorption under minimum effect of dissolution, Li+ and Br− were added to the solution as tracer ions. As centrifugal speed increased, water was extracted in order of large to small pores and the thickness of residual water film became thinner. The concentrations of ions dissolving from the rock (Na+, K+, Ca2+, etc.) after 7 days of immersion were relatively constant in pores of 1−10 μm radii and exponentially increased by 3−100 fold with decreasing pore radius to 0.1 μm. These ions are dissolved from the rock and transported toward the exterior of the rock by diffusion. The calculation using a reactive-transport equation showed that the observed concentration changes reflect the change in solute distribution profile with pore size. The concentration of Si after 7 days of immersion was approximately constant or slightly decreased with increasing centrifugal speed, which appears to be controlled by the solubility. The concentration of Li+ decreased with increasing centrifugal speed after 1 h of immersion but the trend changed after 7 days of reaction. Initial behaviour of Li+ is explained by adsorption on pore walls, and the change of trend is explained by desorption of that previously adsorbed, slight amounts of dissolution, and inflow from the outside of the rock. The change in concentration of Br− with increasing centrifugal speed was small, probably because Br− was not adsorbed on the surfaces. The sequential centrifugation thus provides information on the solute distribution associated with reaction and transport occurring in rock pores

Time-resolved study on signaling pathway of photoactivated adenylate cyclase and its nonlinear optical response

Photoactivated adenylate cyclases (PACs) are multidomain BLUF proteins that regulate the cellular levels of cyclic adenosine 3', 5'-monophosphate (cAMP) in a light-dependent manner. The signaling route and dynamics of PAC from Oscillatoria acuminata (OaPAC), which consists of a light sensor BLUF domain, an adenylate cyclase domain, and a connector helix (α3-helix), were studied by detecting conformational changes in the protein moiety. Although circular dichroism and small-angle X-ray scattering measurements did not show significant changes upon light illumination, the transient grating method successfully detected light-induced changes in the diffusion coefficient (diffusion-sensitive conformational change (DSCC)) of full-length OaPAC (FL-PAC) and the BLUF domain with the α3-helix. DSCC of FL-PAC was observed only when both protomers in a dimer were photoconverted. This light intensity dependence suggests that OaPAC is a cyclase with a nonlinear light intensity response. The enzymatic activity indeed nonlinearly depends on light intensity, that is, OaPAC is activated under strong light conditions. It was also found that both DSCC and enzymatic activity were suppressed by a mutation in the W90 residue, indicating the importance of the highly conserved Trp in many BLUF domains for the function. Based on these findings, a reaction scheme was proposed together with the reaction dynamics