Quality of Life for the Severely Handicapped and the Practice in the Schools for the Physically Handicapped : The Change toward ""Tokubetsu-Shien-Kyouiku"" (Special-Support-Education) and the Educational Rights of Severely Handicapped

In the change toward ""Tokubetsu-Shien-Kyouiku"" (Special-Support-Education), the educational rights of severely handicapped should be more developed. In the Schools for the Physically Handicapped, teachers think the Quality of Life for the Severely Handicapped important. They pay the closest attention to the health conditions of their children and each teacher devices daily classes. To make the education for the severely handicapped more suitable, more signigicant teacher-training-service must be provided

How can ‘Social Justice-oriented Health and Physical Education’ Contribute to the Problem of "Disparities" among Children?

The purpose of this study was to focus on social justice in health and physical education and to review the previous studies on social justice-oriented health and physical education classes and teachers of health and physical education. In order to achieve this purpose, the literature review was used supporting the framework of justice, practice, and teacher training proposed by Cochran-Smith et al. (2010). As a result of examining previous studies on social justice-oriented health and physical education, the following four points were clarified; (1) The lack of research on teacher training within the health and physical education field, comparing with the amount of previous work done on practical research. (2) Differences in the research on the disparity in health and physical education at elementary, junior-high, and high-school levels. (3) Inequality of studies on physical education and health education regarding gender equality, sexual minorities, gender role image. (4) Difficulties and factors inhibiting the development of inclusive education classes during teacher training curriculum. The findings of this study promote the perspective of social justice, which no one should be excluded by their background or abilities, and the concept of social justice would be adopted by physical education teachers and their children

Immunological Changes in Mesothelioma Patients and Their Experimental Detection

It is common knowledge that asbestos exposure causes asbestos-related diseases such as asbestosis, lung cancer and malignant mesothelioma (MM) not only in people who have handled asbestos in the work environment, but also in residents living near factories that handle asbestos. These facts have been an enormous medical and social problem in Japan since the summer of 2005. We focused on the immunological effects of asbestos and silica on the human immune system. In this brief review, we present immunological changes in patients with MM and outline their experimental detection. For example, there is over-expression of bcl-2 in CD4+ peripheral T-cells, high plasma concentrations of interleukin (IL)-10 and transforming growth factor (TGF)-ß, and multiple over-representation of T cell receptor (TcR)-Vß in peripheral CD3+ T-cells found in MM patients. We also detail an experimental long-term exposure T-cell model. Analysis of the immunological effects of asbestos may help our understanding of the biological effects of asbestos

Retrospective Study of the Correlation Between Pathological Tumor Size and Survival After Curative Resection of T3 Pancreatic Adenocarcinoma: Proposal for Reclassification of the Tumor Extending Beyond the Pancreas Based on Tumor Size

BackgroundEven though most patients who undergo resection of pancreatic adenocarcinoma have T3 disease with extra-pancreatic tumor extension, T3 disease is not currently classified by tumor size. The aim of this study was to modify the current TNM classification of pancreatic adenocarcinoma to reflect the influence of tumor size.MethodsA total of 847 consecutive pancreatectomy patients were recruited from multiple centers. Optimum tumor size cutoff values were calculated by receiver operating characteristics analysis for tumors limited to the pancreas (T1/2) and for T3 tumors. In our modified TNM classification, stage II was divided into stages IIA (T3aN0M0), IIB (T3bN0M0), and IIC (T1-3bN1M0) using tumor size cutoff values. The usefulness of the new classification was compared with that of the current classification using Akaike’s information criterion (AIC).ResultsThe optimum tumor size cutoff value distinguishing T1 and T2 was 2 cm, while T3 was divided into T3a and T3b at a tumor size of 3 cm. The median survival time of the stages IIA, IIB, and IIC were 44.7, 27.6, and 20.3 months, respectively. There were significant differences of survival between stages IIA and IIB (P = 0.02) and between stages IIB and IIC (P = 0.03). The new classification showed better performance compared with the current classification based on the AIC value.ConclusionsThis proposed new TNM classification reflects the influence of tumor size in patients with extra-pancreatic tumor extension (T3 disease), and the classification is useful for predicting mortality

Special Needs Education in Foreign Countries

研究動

The elements of ""New Education"" in Special Schools in Japan : The verification of the process of adoption and infiltrator of them

After the World War 2, the national curriculum in Japan adopted the policy of progressive education. Although it is criticized and it losed powers in general education, it\u27s continuously accepted in Special Schools in Japan. In this thesis, I try to verify why it is and how it is