Structural Parameterizations of Vertex Integrity

The graph parameter vertex integrity measures how vulnerable a graph is to a removal of a small number of vertices. More precisely, a graph with small vertex integrity admits a small number of vertex removals to make the remaining connected components small. In this paper, we initiate a systematic study of structural parameterizations of the problem of computing the unweighted/weighted vertex integrity. As structural graph parameters, we consider well-known parameters such as clique-width, treewidth, pathwidth, treedepth, modular-width, neighborhood diversity, twin cover number, and cluster vertex deletion number. We show several positive and negative results and present sharp complexity contrasts.Comment: 21 pages, 6 figures, WALCOM 202

センゼン ニホン ノ ナイカク ワ ソンゾク スルタメニ ダレ ノ シジ オ ヒツヨウ トシタカ ギカイ グンブ カクリョウ シュショウ センテイシャ

本稿は，戦前日本の内閣は存続にあたって誰の支持を必要としていたかとの問いに，1885年から1947年までの全45内閣の月次データに離散時間の生存分析を適用することによって取り組む．その結果，一方で，議会が多くの内閣提出法案を通すほど，陸相が過去に入閣した経験が長いほど，国務大臣の数が少ないほど，首相選定者の数が多いほど，内閣は長続きすることが明らかになった．他方で，軍部大臣（現役）武官制や政党内閣が内閣の寿命を縮めた，あるいは与党が衆議院に多くの議席を占めるほど内閣が長期間支えられたなどの，証拠は見いだされなかった．以上から，戦前日本は超然内閣というよりも，立法の多寡に内閣の生存が依存するという意味で事実上の議院内閣制であったことが示唆される

Approach for growth of high-quality and large protein crystals

Three crystallization methods, including crystallization in the presence of a semi-solid agarose gel, top-seeded solution growth (TSSG) and a large-scale hanging-drop method, have previously been presented. In this study, crystallization has been further evaluated in the presence of a semi-solid agarose gel by crystallizing additional proteins. A novel crystallization method combining TSSG and the large-scale hanging-drop method has also been developed

リュウシケイ オヨビ ソセイ オ セイギョ スル コト ニヨル ユビキタス ブッシツ ノ コウキノウカ : LaTiO2N ケイ サンチッカブツ ノ コウガク トクセイ ノ セイギョ

Some Perovskite-type LaTiO2+xN1-x with anion nonstoichiometry were prepared by heating an oxide precursor under ammonia atmosphere and successively annealed under diluted ammonia. Increasing O/N ratio enhances the optical bandgap of the oxynitrides. A series of perovskite-type LaTiO2N materials with compositions a slightly deviated from the stoichiometric metal composition was also prepared. Increasing Ti/La ratio in La1-xTi1+xTiO2N results in deterioration of reflectivity in the longer wavelength region above the absorption edge. A substitution of La by Sr was effective in the enhancement of reflectivity there. Though the increase of O/N ratio in the LaTiO2+xN1-x series was found to cause oxidation of titanium by means of XPS spectroscopy, the valence state of titanium did not change in either the La1-xTi1+xO2N or the La1-xSrxTiO2N series. The increase in Ti/La ratio in the La1-xTi1+xO2N brought the grain/particle growth, which seemed to result in the deterioration of reflectivity

Diastereoselective imino-pinacol coupling of chiral imines promoted by Mg(0) and a Grignard reagent

The reaction of chiral imines, derived from aromatic aldehydes and (S)-valinol, with a Grignard reagent in the presence of Mg(0) afforded imino-pinacol coupling products instead of alkylated amines, with a high level of diastereoselectivity. The chiral auxiliary in the product was successfully removed via dehydration followed by hydrolysis, and the corresponding (R,R)-ethylenediamine derivative was obtained as the N-Boc protected form. (C) 2014 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.ArticleTETRAHEDRON. 71(6):977-981 (2015)journal articl

A Distinct Structure Inside the Galactic Bar

We present the result of a near-infrared (J H Ks) survey along the Galactic plane, -10.5deg < l < +10.5deg and b=+1.0deg, with the IRSF 1.4m telescope and the SIRIUS camera. Ks vs. H-Ks color-magnitude diagrams reveal a well-defined population of red clump (RC) stars whose apparent magnitude peak changes continuously along the Galactic plane, from Ks=13.4 at l=-10deg to Ks=12.2 at l=+10deg after dereddening. This variation can be explained by the bar-like structure found in previous studies, but we find an additional inner structure at |l| < 4deg, where the longitude - apparent magnitude relation is distinct from the outer bar, and the apparent magnitude peak changes by only 0.1 mag over the central 8deg. The exact nature of this inner structure is as yet uncertain.Comment: 8 pages, 4 figures. accepted by ApJ

CNVs in Three Psychiatric Disorders

BACKGROUND: We aimed to determine the similarities and differences in the roles of genic and regulatory copy number variations (CNVs) in bipolar disorder (BD), schizophrenia (SCZ), and autism spectrum disorder (ASD). METHODS: Based on high-resolution CNV data from 8708 Japanese samples, we performed to our knowledge the largest cross-disorder analysis of genic and regulatory CNVs in BD, SCZ, and ASD. RESULTS: In genic CNVs, we found an increased burden of smaller (500 kb) exonic CNVs in SCZ/ASD. Pathogenic CNVs linked to neurodevelopmental disorders were significantly associated with the risk for each disorder, but BD and SCZ/ASD differed in terms of the effect size (smaller in BD) and subtype distribution of CNVs linked to neurodevelopmental disorders. We identified 3 synaptic genes (DLG2, PCDH15, and ASTN2) as risk factors for BD. Whereas gene set analysis showed that BD-associated pathways were restricted to chromatin biology, SCZ and ASD involved more extensive and similar pathways. Nevertheless, a correlation analysis of gene set results indicated weak but significant pathway similarities between BD and SCZ or ASD (r = 0.25–0.31). In SCZ and ASD, but not BD, CNVs were significantly enriched in enhancers and promoters in brain tissue. CONCLUSIONS: BD and SCZ/ASD differ in terms of CNV burden, characteristics of CNVs linked to neurodevelopmental disorders, and regulatory CNVs. On the other hand, they have shared molecular mechanisms, including chromatin biology. The BD risk genes identified here could provide insight into the pathogenesis of BD