Study 00 Development of the Quantitative Ideas iｎ the "Versune architecture" Written by Le Corbusier ーfrom "le volume" to"les maisons en serie" ー

In this paper， 1 dealt with “Versune architecture“(1923) written by Le Corbusier， and I studied on the important development of the quantitative ideas from“le volume" to“les maisons en serie" seen in his writing. After， 1 contrasted the essays of its writing with the theses carried on the articles of “L 'Esprit nouveau"， 1 found thc results as follows: in its writing， first， the quantitative ideas were written in order to elucidate the volume as quantity given the geometrical form、and furthermore，they were developed to thc mechanical image of the world、to the establishment of standards， to the lows of economy and to the dccisions of type. Finally，they were directed towards an aesthetic theory

Novel method to rescue a lethal phenotype through integration of target gene onto the X-chromosome.

The loss-of-function mutations of serine protease inhibitor, Kazal type 1 (SPINK1) gene are associated with human chronic pancreatitis, but the underlying mechanisms remain unknown. We previously reported that mice lacking Spink3, the murine homologue of human SPINK1, die perinatally due to massive pancreatic acinar cell death, precluding investigation of the effects of SPINK1 deficiency. To circumvent perinatal lethality, we have developed a novel method to integrate human SPINK1 gene on the X chromosome using Cre-loxP technology and thus generated transgenic mice termed "X-SPINK1". Consistent with the fact that one of the two X chromosomes is randomly inactivated, X-SPINK1 mice exhibit mosaic pattern of SPINK1 expression. Crossing of X-SPINK1 mice with Spink3+/- mice rescued perinatal lethality, but the resulting Spink3-/-;XXSPINK1 mice developed spontaneous pancreatitis characterized by chronic inflammation and fibrosis. The results show that mice lacking a gene essential for cell survival can be rescued by expressing this gene on the X chromosome. The Spink3-/-;XXSPINK1 mice, in which this method has been applied to partially restore SPINK1 function, present a novel genetic model of chronic pancreatitis

Admission systolic blood pressure as a prognostic predictor of acute decompensated heart failure: A report from the KCHF registry

[Background] Admission systolic blood pressure has emerged as a predictor of postdischarge outcomes of patients with acute decompensated heart failure; however, its validity in varied clinical conditions of this patient subset is unclear. The aim of this study was to further explore the prognostic value of admission systolic blood pressure in patients with acute decompensated heart failure. [Methods] The Kyoto Congestive Heart Failure (KCHF) registry is a prospective, observational, multicenter cohort study enrolling consecutive patients with acute decompensated heart failure from 19 participating hospitals in Japan. Clinical characteristics at baseline and prognosis were examined by the following value range of admission systolic blood pressure: <100, 100–139, and ≥140 mmHg. The primary outcome measure was defined as all-cause death after discharge. Subgroup analyses were done for prior hospitalization for heart failure, hypertension, left ventricular ejection fraction, and medications at discharge. We excluded patients with acute coronary syndrome or insufficient data. [Results] We analyzed 3564 patients discharged alive out of 3804 patients hospitalized for acute decompensated heart failure. In the entire cohort, lower admission systolic blood pressure was associated with poor outcomes (1-year cumulative incidence of all-cause death: <100 mmHg, 26.8%; 100–139 mmHg, 20.2%; and ≥140 mmHg, 15.1%, p<0.001). The magnitude of the effect of lower admission systolic blood pressure for postdischarge all-cause death was greater in patients with prior hospitalization for heart failure, heart failure with reduced left ventricular ejection fraction, and β-blocker use at discharge than in those without. [Conclusions] Admission systolic blood pressure is useful for postdischarge risk stratification in patients with acute decompensated heart failure. Its magnitude of the effect as a prognostic predictor may differ across clinical conditions of patients

Hibikino-Musashi@Home 2023 Team Description Paper

This paper describes an overview of the techniques of Hibikino-Musashi@Home, which intends to participate in the domestic standard platform league. The team has developed a dataset generator for the training of a robot vision system and an open-source development environment running on a human support robot simulator. The robot system comprises self-developed libraries including those for motion synthesis and open-source software works on the robot operating system. The team aims to realize a home service robot that assists humans in a home, and continuously attend the competition to evaluate the developed system. The brain-inspired artificial intelligence system is also proposed for service robots which are expected to work in a real home environment

Lessons learned in developing family medicine residency training programs in Japan

BACKGROUND: While family medicine is not well established as a discipline in Japan, a growing number of Japanese medical schools and training hospitals have recently started sougoushinryoubu (general medicine departments). Some of these departments are incorporating a family medicine approach to residency training. We sought to learn from family medicine pioneers of these programs lessons for developing residency training. METHODS: This qualitative project utilized a long interview research design. Questions focused on four topics: 1) circumstances when becoming chair/faculty member; 2) approach to starting the program; 3) how Western ideas of family medicine were incorporated; and 4) future directions. We analyzed the data using immersion/crystallization to identify recurring themes. From the transcribed data, we selected representative quotations to illustrate them. We verified the findings by emailing the participants and obtaining feedback. RESULTS: Participants included: five chairpersons, two program directors, and three faculty members. We identified five lessons: 1) few people understand the basic concepts of family medicine; 2) developing a core curriculum is difficult; 3) start with undergraduates; 4) emphasize clinical skills; and 5) train in the community. CONCLUSION: While organizational change is difficult, the identified lessons suggest issues that merit consideration when developing a family medicine training program. Lessons from complexity science could inform application of these insights in other countries and settings newly developing residency training

CNVs in Three Psychiatric Disorders

BACKGROUND: We aimed to determine the similarities and differences in the roles of genic and regulatory copy number variations (CNVs) in bipolar disorder (BD), schizophrenia (SCZ), and autism spectrum disorder (ASD). METHODS: Based on high-resolution CNV data from 8708 Japanese samples, we performed to our knowledge the largest cross-disorder analysis of genic and regulatory CNVs in BD, SCZ, and ASD. RESULTS: In genic CNVs, we found an increased burden of smaller (500 kb) exonic CNVs in SCZ/ASD. Pathogenic CNVs linked to neurodevelopmental disorders were significantly associated with the risk for each disorder, but BD and SCZ/ASD differed in terms of the effect size (smaller in BD) and subtype distribution of CNVs linked to neurodevelopmental disorders. We identified 3 synaptic genes (DLG2, PCDH15, and ASTN2) as risk factors for BD. Whereas gene set analysis showed that BD-associated pathways were restricted to chromatin biology, SCZ and ASD involved more extensive and similar pathways. Nevertheless, a correlation analysis of gene set results indicated weak but significant pathway similarities between BD and SCZ or ASD (r = 0.25–0.31). In SCZ and ASD, but not BD, CNVs were significantly enriched in enhancers and promoters in brain tissue. CONCLUSIONS: BD and SCZ/ASD differ in terms of CNV burden, characteristics of CNVs linked to neurodevelopmental disorders, and regulatory CNVs. On the other hand, they have shared molecular mechanisms, including chromatin biology. The BD risk genes identified here could provide insight into the pathogenesis of BD

Development of a dose-limiting data collection strategy for serial synchrotron rotation crystallography.

微小タンパク質結晶からの効率的な構造解析法 : 凍結した試料を回転させる「SS-ROX法」を確立、汎用化へ. 京都大学プレスリリース. 2017-01-12.Serial crystallography, in which single-shot diffraction images are collected, has great potential for protein microcrystallography. Although serial femtosecond crystallography (SFX) has been successfully demonstrated, limited beam time prevents its routine use. Inspired by SFX, serial synchrotron crystallography (SSX) has been investigated at synchrotron macromolecular crystallography beamlines. Unlike SFX, the longer exposure time of milliseconds to seconds commonly used in SSX causes radiation damage. However, in SSX, crystals can be rotated during the exposure, which can achieve efficient coverage of the reciprocal space. In this study, mercury single-wavelength anomalous diffraction (Hg-SAD) phasing of the luciferin regenerating enzyme (LRE) was performed using serial synchrotron rotation crystallography. The advantages of rotation and influence of dose on the data collected were evaluated. The results showed that sample rotation was effective for accurate data collection, and the optimum helical rotation step depended on multiple factors such as multiplicity and partiality of reflections, exposure time per rotation angle and the contribution from background scattering. For the LRE microcrystals, 0.25° was the best rotation step for the achievable resolution limit, whereas a rotation step larger than or equal to 1° was favorable for Hg-SAD phasing. Although an accumulated dose beyond 1.1 MGy caused specific damage at the Hg site, increases in resolution and anomalous signal were observed up to 3.4 MGy because of a higher signal-to-noise ratio