Organizational and legal aspects of developing and implementing prospective heat supply schemes in municipalities

The paper analyses current legislations that regulate the development and implementation of municipal heat supply systems. A cost-effectiveness analysis of an investment programme model taken for a particular heat supply scheme in a Sverdlovsk regional municipality reveals a certain number of problem areas of organizational and legal nature in the overall heat supply process. Hence, certain ways of amending existing legislations are proposed to improve and streamline the heat supply restructuration process. The paper also presents an algorithm of cooperation for heat supply participants whenever an energy service company enters the scheme as an investment process operator

Formation and reduction of nitrogen oxides in the combustion of fuels in a circulating fluidized bed

This paper is devoted to the study of the processes of forming and reducing nitrogen oxides in the combustion of fuels in a circulating fluidized bed (CFB). All experimental studies were conducted using special laboratory equipment. To develop a model of the nitrogen oxides formation, the process of fuel combustion in a fluidized bed was split into two stages: the combustion of volatiles and coke residue burning. Nitrogen formation and reduction in combustion with oxygen deficiency are discussed, which is one of the most effective ways of reducing nitrogen oxides emissions in the combustion of the fuel in the CFB. © 2014 WIT Press.International Journal of Safety and Security Engineering;International Journal of Sustainable Development and Planning;WIT Transactions on Ecology and the Environmen

Introduction of Autonomous Electric Gas Stations on Fuel Elements

In work, the research of possible decrease expenses when replacing the SCOOPTRAM and Artisanvehicle diesel loaders used when carrying out mine and ore works on electric analogs. In addition, using as a source of current for their accumulators the independent power station based on solid oxide fuel cells (SOFC) is conducted. The analysis has shown that if at work in the mine to use the equipment on the electric drive, then it will bring to cutting of costs for ventilation by 162 thousand rubles a year. At this calculation stage, the savings from consumption decrease of diesel fuel were not considered. Loading vehicles from the power station on SOFC will make economy more 215 thousand rubles a year.В работе выполнено исследование снижения затрат при замене дизельных шахтно-рудных погрузчиков SCOOPTRAM и Artisanvehicle на электрические аналоги и внедрение в качестве источника тока для заправки их аккумуляторов автономной энергетической установки на основе твердооксидных топливных элементов (ТОТЭ). Анализ показал, что если при проведении работ в шахте использовать технику на электрическом приводе, то это приведет снижению затрат за вентиляцию на 162 тыс. руб. в год. На данном этапе в расчете не учитывалась экономия от снижения расхода дизельного топлива. Заряжая транспортные средства от энергетической установки на ТОТЭ экономия порядка 215 тыс. руб. в год в зависимости от стоимости природного газа. Приведено описание работы энергетической установки на ТОТЭ

HEAT EXCHANGE INTENSIFICATION AT COPIOUS COOLING OF FLUE GASES

В работе рассмотрены основные способы интенсификации теплообмена при глубоком охлаждении дымовых газов. Использование теплообменников глубокого охлаждения позволит снизить потери с уходящими газами и повысить КПД энергетических котлов.The main methods of heat transfer enhancement during deep cooling of flue gases are considered. The use of deep cooling heat exchangers will reduce losses with flue gases and increase the efficiency of power boilers

Hot-gas ejector design for anode gas recirculation in the SOFC power unit

The hot-gas ejector for the SOFC power unit was designed. Furthermore, plots of pressure and Mach number inside the ejector were obtained for the entrainment ratio of 2.43 using Ansys Fluent CFD software. The results indicate this device will operate steadily at the design point.В работе выполнен конструктивный расчёт высокотемпературного эжектора для энергетической установки наТОТЭ. Также с помощью программного комплекса вычислительной гидродинамики AnsysFluent построены поля давлений и чисел Маха для коэффициента эжекции 2,43. Результаты расчёта показывают, чтоспроектированная геометрия проточной части будет устойчиво работать в расчётном режиме

Economical mechanism for the reform of regional heat supply systems

We offer a mechanism to reform the regional heat supply system, which is based upon the principles of economic efficiency of implementing investment projects in heat supply, as well as on the complex approach to the reformation and availability of the heat supply services for socially unprotected consumers. The basis of the mechanism is the methodology for assessing the economic efficiency of complex programs of heat supply reformation in municipal institutions, which includes both the projects of resource and energy saving in heat supplying companies and the projects of reducing heat energy consumption for the end consumer. We have developed the mathematic model that enables the assessment of the possibility and feasibility of attracting private investment to the complex programs given. We have made an economic assessment of the feasibility of the complex program for a concrete municipal institution, which aims at reducing payments for the consumer of heat energy. © 2014 WIT Press.International Journal of Safety and Security Engineering;International Journal of Sustainable Development and Planning;WIT Transactions on Ecology and the Environmen

USE OF PIPES WITH KNURL WHEEL IN INSTALLATIONS OF FLASH EVAPORATOR

An installation for determining the composition of the products of combustion of solid fuels in a fluidized bed at different bed temperatures is considered. With the help of the installation it is possible to carry out work on the search for the reduction of harmful emissions when burning in a fluidized bed.В работе рассмотрена установка для определения состава продуктов сгорания твердого топлива в псевдоожиженом слое при различных температурах слоя. С помощью установки можно проводить работы по поиску уменьшения вредных выбросов при горении в кипящем слое

SOFC power plant with circulating fluidized bed gasifier

Coal is used all over the world to meet the energy needs of industry and housing and communal services. The main requirements of coal using are environmental safety and efficiency. Increasing these parameters can be realized with the combination of a gasifier and fuel cells. The paper includes a variant of the thermal scheme of the power plant, which uses coal as a fuel, with its further gasification and conversion into electrical energy in a solid oxide fuel cell (SOFC) stacks. The developed scheme differs from traditional circuits by using a gasifier with an inhibited circulating fluidized bed (ICFB). In addition, the anode-off gases are used in the combustion chamber of the gasifier to maintain endothermic gasification reactions. This technologies combination allows increasing the energy system efficiency. The paper also includes the results of tests of an ICFB gasifier and analyze the available electrical power of the SOFC stacks. Analysis dependence EMF from the produced generator gas composition showed no significant effect on the available power of the electrochemical generator. Developed scheme allow excluding from the process the gas cleaning from tar after gasifier, which allowed to increase the efficiency and reduce the metal capacity of the developed equipment. © The Authors, published by EDP Sciences, 2018

Solid oxide fuel cells power unit reformer/burner/heat-exchanger module experimental study

The article contains the installation description, experimental procedure, and results for the catalytic partial oxidation reformer/catalyst burner/heat-exchanger module. Mathematical modeling for all major blocks temperatures dependence on the reformer air supply ratio was carried out. In the air supply ratio range under study the model was verified using experimental data. The model was further practically used for the solid oxide fuel cells power unit automatic control modes development. The partial oxidation reforming solid oxide fuel cells power unit characteristics were evaluated. © 2017 Society of Thermal Engineers of Serbia