Organizational and legal aspects of developing and implementing prospective heat supply schemes in municipalities

The paper analyses current legislations that regulate the development and implementation of municipal heat supply systems. A cost-effectiveness analysis of an investment programme model taken for a particular heat supply scheme in a Sverdlovsk regional municipality reveals a certain number of problem areas of organizational and legal nature in the overall heat supply process. Hence, certain ways of amending existing legislations are proposed to improve and streamline the heat supply restructuration process. The paper also presents an algorithm of cooperation for heat supply participants whenever an energy service company enters the scheme as an investment process operator

Formation and reduction of nitrogen oxides in the combustion of fuels in a circulating fluidized bed

This paper is devoted to the study of the processes of forming and reducing nitrogen oxides in the combustion of fuels in a circulating fluidized bed (CFB). All experimental studies were conducted using special laboratory equipment. To develop a model of the nitrogen oxides formation, the process of fuel combustion in a fluidized bed was split into two stages: the combustion of volatiles and coke residue burning. Nitrogen formation and reduction in combustion with oxygen deficiency are discussed, which is one of the most effective ways of reducing nitrogen oxides emissions in the combustion of the fuel in the CFB. © 2014 WIT Press.International Journal of Safety and Security Engineering;International Journal of Sustainable Development and Planning;WIT Transactions on Ecology and the Environmen

Generation and reduction of nitrogen oxides in firing different kinds of fuel in a circulating fluidized bed

The processes through which nitrogen oxides are generated and reduced in the course of firing different kinds of fuel in a circulating fluidized bed are addressed. All experimental studies were carried by the authors on their own laboratory installations. To construct a model simulating the generation of nitrogen oxides, the fuel combustion process in a fluidized bed was subdivided into two stages: combustion of volatiles and combustion of coke residue. The processes through which nitrogen oxides are generated and reduced under the conditions of firing fuel with shortage of oxygen (which is one of efficient methods for reducing nitrogen oxide emissions in firing fuel in a fluidized bed) are considered. © 2013 Pleiades Publishing, Inc

Transients in a circulating fluidized bed boiler

Transients in a circulating fluidized bed boiler firing biomass are considered. An attempt is made to describe transients with the use of concepts applied in the automatic control theory. The parameters calculated from an analysis of unsteady heat balance equations are compared with the experimental data obtained in the 12-MW boiler of the Chalmers University of Technology. It is demonstrated that these equations describe the transient modes of operation with good accuracy. Dependences for calculating the time constants of unsteady processes are obtained. © 2013 Pleiades Publishing, Inc

Anode off-gas recirculation ejector modelling at various operation modes

The article includes methods for calculation of the anode off-gas equilibrium chemical composition, anode off-gas recirculation ratio at which the carbon deposition fails to occur in the reformer and fuel cell anode channel and the ejector’s entrainment ratio for the SOFC power unit with anode off-gas recirculation at various operation modes.В статье приведены методики расчета состава уходящего анодного газа, степени рециркуляции, обеспечивающей протекание реакций риформинга с отсутствием сажеобразования, а также коэффициента инжекции эжектора в схеме с рециркуляцией анодных газов для различных режимов работы установки

GAS FORMATION PROCESS UNDER ZINC CONCENTRATE ROASTING IN FLUIDIZED BED

Аналитически получена зависимость концентрации горючих веществ в кипящем слое при обжиге цинкового концентрата. Проведено сопоставление расчетов с экспериментальными данными, полученными на промышленной обжиговой печи.Dependence of volatilize evolution under zinc concentrate roasting in fluidized bed furnace. The comparison between calculation results and experimental data industrial was made. Experimental data resulted in industrial roasted furnace operation

Introduction of Autonomous Electric Gas Stations on Fuel Elements

In work, the research of possible decrease expenses when replacing the SCOOPTRAM and Artisanvehicle diesel loaders used when carrying out mine and ore works on electric analogs. In addition, using as a source of current for their accumulators the independent power station based on solid oxide fuel cells (SOFC) is conducted. The analysis has shown that if at work in the mine to use the equipment on the electric drive, then it will bring to cutting of costs for ventilation by 162 thousand rubles a year. At this calculation stage, the savings from consumption decrease of diesel fuel were not considered. Loading vehicles from the power station on SOFC will make economy more 215 thousand rubles a year.В работе выполнено исследование снижения затрат при замене дизельных шахтно-рудных погрузчиков SCOOPTRAM и Artisanvehicle на электрические аналоги и внедрение в качестве источника тока для заправки их аккумуляторов автономной энергетической установки на основе твердооксидных топливных элементов (ТОТЭ). Анализ показал, что если при проведении работ в шахте использовать технику на электрическом приводе, то это приведет снижению затрат за вентиляцию на 162 тыс. руб. в год. На данном этапе в расчете не учитывалась экономия от снижения расхода дизельного топлива. Заряжая транспортные средства от энергетической установки на ТОТЭ экономия порядка 215 тыс. руб. в год в зависимости от стоимости природного газа. Приведено описание работы энергетической установки на ТОТЭ

Testing of the microchannel condensers. Calculation of devices’ heat power

This paper describes the design of a facility designed to explore microchannel Freon condensers. We determined heat power of heat exchangers. Calculations of heat transfer coefficient and comparison with the experimental data are performed. The obtained results are used to determine technical characteristics of heat exchangers, as well as to create equipment selection programs.Описана установка, предназначенная для изучения микроканальных конденсаторов фреона. Приведена тепловая мощность аппаратов, коэффициенты теплопередачи и сравнение с экспериментальными данными. Результаты используются для определения технических характеристик теплообменных аппаратов, создания программ подбора оборудования