The Influence of Hammer Type Used in Grinding Mills on Grist Fineness

Hammer mills are machines used in agriculture graded to obtain concentrated fodder mix and food industry for grinding vegetable raw materials necessary for obtaining various types of flours. The hammer mills grinding materials is produced upon impact of the hammer material and crushing plate located inside the grinding chamber. Depending on the hammers rotor assembly mode, the following types of mills can be used: - Hammer mills articulated; - Fixed Hammer mills. The objective of this paper is to study the influence of moisture during the operation of grinding wheat on hammer mills using the same sieve

Calculation of the required transfusion volume in anaemic Holstein calves

In bovine medicine, blood transfusion practice represents an emergency therapy where time is critical. The aim of this study was to develop a mathematical model to calculate the required blood for transfusion, using parameters which could be easily determined on the spot. Twenty Holstein calves were assigned to two groups depending on body weight (100.1 ± 3.1 kg and 151.1 ± 3.0 kg, respectively). All animals were subjected to an anaemia induction protocol in isovolaemic conditions in order to reduce the packed cell volume (PCV) by more than one third. Twenty-four hours later, each group received an auto-transfusion therapy. In order to find a valid constant for specific weight categories with high confidence interval in cattle, we calculated the value of constant ‘CC’ for each individual, using a formula described for carnivores as a basis. The value of the constant for the 100.1 ± 3.1 kg and 151.1 ± 3.0 kg groups was 80.6315 ± 1.1069 and 76.5294 ± 2.5640, respectively. The comparison between the two groups demonstrated significantly different mean values (P = 0.0002, by t-test) and, furthermore, significantly different values of the constant distributions (P = 0.0001, by the Kolmogorov–Smirnov test)

Characteristics of Raw Milk from Vending Machines in the Transylvania region, Romania

Milk is a source of proteins, lipids, vitamins and minerals and its quality can be assessed according to hygienic, nutritional, technological and sensory parameters. The main parameters are: somatic cells count, total number of germs, fat content, protein, lactose, nonfat dry matter, pH.  The aim of this study was to analyze and compare the characteristics of raw milk from vending machines in a period that includes the July-August summer months and comply qualitative standards: European Regulations 853/2004 and 854/2004 and National Veterinary and Food Safety Authority of Romania (A.N.S.V.S.A.) no. 111/2008 and no. 55/2010. Samples were collected simultaneously from 3 vending machines during a 2-year period, while the ambient temperature at the time of collection varied between 23…31 0C at the time of collection from vending machines. The following parameters were determined: total plate count (TPC), the somatic cell count (SCC), and the content of fat, protein, lactose, casein. All data were analyzed with R Studio soft-ware. Graphic analysis of results was performed with “vegan” package, based on both influence of year and automatic vending machine and related to NTG values

Aspects of Chemical Composition and Somatic Cell count of Cow Milk Marketed at Dispensers

Milk quality is influenced by many factors: lactation, fat, protein, lactose, number of somatic cells. In order to process raw milk and compare with criteria of quality and food safety the Regulation of European Parliament and the council no. 853/2004. Analysing the total number of somatic cells (SCC) in the period July-August 2017 it is noted that in case of samples collected from first automatic milk dispenser exceed 2 times the maximum admissible values and the samples collected from second automatic milk dispenser are up to the maximum allowable values which show that milking hygiene and animal health are at the European standards required. Analysis of fat content for both cases indicates that it is within the standard values for cow's milk and fat variations for DM1 samples are very low at temperatures above 30 degrees Celsius which shows that high temperatures do not influence these parameters. The biological material study was represented analysed by 30 samples of milk from only two cow milk dispensers functional located in this period in Cluj-Napoca city. These samples were collected at the same time period during July-August months. The aim of present study is to determine whether milk marketed through dispensers under the high temperature conditions specific to this period is affected in terms of qualitative parameter analysis