Deployment of PON in Europe and Deep Data Analysis of GPON

This chapter discusses the extensibility of fiber to the x (FTTx) households, specifically in the territory of the European Union. The Czech Republic has made a commitment to other member states to provide connectivity of at least 100 Mbit/s for half of the households by 2020. Although Internet access in the Czech Republic is mostly dominated by wireless fidelity (WiFi), this technology is not capable of meeting the demanding current demands at a reasonable price. As a result, passive optical networks are on the rise in access networks and in mobile cell networks by fiber to the antenna (FTTA). Passive optical networks use much more complex networks. In cooperation with Orange Slovakia, the analysis of the transmitted data was conducted. The optical network unit management and control interface (OMCI) channel data, as well as the activation data associated with specific end units, were analyzed. We propose a complete analysis of the end-unit-related activation process, download, and initialization of the data image for setting the end units and voice over Internet protocol (VoIP) parameters. Finally, we performed an analysis of the transmission of dying gasp messages

High Speed (100G) Access Networks

Passive optical networks are currently the most promising solution for access networks. Increasing bandwidth requirements and big data applications need to a huge bandwidth. Nowadays, gigabit passive optical networks do not seem to be suitable for these purposes. This paper is focused ondescribing the development, parameters, and needs for HighSpeed Access Networks (such as 100G EPON). The simulationswith current wavelengths plans are presented. For simulations,we used VPITransmissionMakerTM 9.7. Our goal was to createa rudimentary bidirectional PON system with one ONU anddo several simulation scenarios by artificially increasing loss ina splitter for simulating more ONUs. Our following results consist of BER values and eye diagrams for each simulation scenario and proof that 100G EPON networks are most promising networks for the future

PMD Study & Measurement – Fixed Analyzer Method

The paper theoretically describes Polarization Mode Dispersion (PMD) which is important parameter in high-speed optical networks. Furthermore, compensation methods and measurement principles are presented. Main attention is given to Fixed Analyzer (FA) method that uses common research laboratory equipment in setup. We performed practical measurement of the PMD by using Optical Spectrum Analyzer (OSA) Anritsu MS9740A, in-line polarizers and a polarization controller. To verify the accuracy of measurements Reference Measurement (RM) using a modular platform EXFO FTB-200 in combination with CD/PMD module EXFO FTB-5700 was performed. Moreover, PMD etalons with defined values of delay was used for measurement. All results were evaluated in comparison with defined limit values

The Influence of Digital Modulations on 320 Gbit/s Optical Time Division Multiplexing

In this article the optical time division multiplexingtechnique for high speed point-to-point optical networksis discussed. We performed test of influence of selected types modulation formats in the optical time division multiplexing simulation model with a distance of 30 km. Additionally, this paper focuses on maximum bandwidth usage, improvement of bit error rate and the another goal is to achieve the maximal transmission distance by using of special compensation optical fiber. Optimal length of compensation optical fiber was found and used during simulations. We demonstrated positive influence compensation optical fiber on bit error rate. For comparisonof modulation formats such as return-to-zero, non-return-to-zero, chirped-return-to-zero, carrier-suppressed-return-to-zero, and m-ary quadrature amplitude modulation were tested. Our results confirm that it is possible to achieve better bit error rate for selected modulation formats

High Speed (100G) Access Networks

Passive optical networks are currently the most promising solution for access networks. Increasing bandwidth requirements and big data applications need to a huge bandwidth. Nowadays, gigabit passive optical networks do not seem to be suitable for these purposes. This paper is focused ondescribing the development, parameters, and needs for HighSpeed Access Networks (such as 100G EPON). The simulationswith current wavelengths plans are presented. For simulations,we used VPITransmissionMakerTM 9.7. Our goal was to createa rudimentary bidirectional PON system with one ONU anddo several simulation scenarios by artificially increasing loss ina splitter for simulating more ONUs. Our following results consist of BER values and eye diagrams for each simulation scenario and proof that 100G EPON networks are most promising networks for the future

Simulations of Grant Allocation in NG-PON2 Networks Using OPNET Modeler

Passive optical networks are the most promising networks for the future. In 1998, the first standard of PONs was developed. Since that time, quality of optical transmissions and technologies has been massively improved and today's standards are capable of transferring an enormous amount of data. For example, NG-PON2 networks are able to transfer up to 40 Gbit/s, which means these networks provide subscribers with a symmetric bandwidth up to 10 Gbit/s using 4 different wavelengths. The higher transmission speeds are required, the more sophisticated bandwidth allocation reflecting requirements of each ONU in real-time is necessary. This article deals with implementation of NG-PON2 networks using OPNET Modeler and simulations of static and dynamic grants allocations. We also present a modification of dynamic bandwidth allocation for increasing the free bandwidth of idle ONU to heavily loaded ONU(s). We propose a simplified NG-PON2 network, for example, activation machine for ONUs is not implemented

Simulations of Grant Allocation in NG-PON2 Networks Using OPNET Modeler

Passive optical networks are the most promising networks for the future. In 1998, the first standard of PONs was developed. Since that time, quality of optical transmissions and technologies has been massively improved and today\u27s standards are capable of transferring an enormous amount of data. For example, NG-PON2 networks are able to transfer up to 40 Gbit/s, which means these networks provide subscribers with a symmetric bandwidth up to 10 Gbit/s using 4 different wavelengths. The higher transmission speeds are required, the more sophisticated bandwidth allocation reflecting requirements of each ONU in real-time is necessary. This article deals with implementation of NG-PON2 networks using OPNET Modeler and simulations of static and dynamic grants allocations. We also present a modification of dynamic bandwidth allocation for increasing the free bandwidth of idle ONU to heavily loaded ONU(s). We propose a simplified NG-PON2 network, for example, activation machine for ONUs is not implemented

Transmission Convergence Layer of NG-PON2 in VPIphotonics Tool

Passive optical networks are the most promising solution for access networks. The first standard provided only 155 Mbit/s but current networks work according to ITU-T G.984.3 with 2.5 Gbit/s in downstream. However, NG-PON2 offers up to 40 Gbit/s in downstream by 4 different wavelengths. This article deals with an implementation of transmission convergence layer in VPIphotonics. This tool is dedicated only for simulations of physical layer. The main aim is to present a simulation of physical layer for NG-PON2 in comparison with our implementation of transmission convergence layer and encapsulated frames according to ITU-T G.989.3. Our results confirm expanding the entire system reach with the real encapsulation method of 3 sublayers model and error correction mechanism. The 3 sublayers model can be easily extended to all passive optical networks simulations in VPIphotonics simulation tool