5,261 research outputs found
Quantum Nonlocality for a Mixed Entangled Coherent State
Quantum nonlocality is tested for an entangled coherent state, interacting
with a dissipative environment. A pure entangled coherent state violates Bell's
inequality regardless of its coherent amplitude. The higher the initial
nonlocality, the more rapidly quantum nonlocality is lost. The entangled
coherent state can also be investigated in the framework of Hilbert
space. The quantum nonlocality persists longer in Hilbert space.
When it decoheres it is found that the entangled coherent state fails the
nonlocality test, which contrasts with the fact that the decohered entangled
state is always entangled.Comment: 20 pages, 7 figures. To be published in J. Mod. Op
Minimally invasive reduction and percutaneous fixation versus open reduction and internal fixation for displaced intra-articular calcaneal fractures : a systematic review of the literature
The aim of this article is to systematically identify and analyse research evidence available to compare the outcomes of minimally invasive reduction and percutaneous fixation (MIRPF) versus open reduction and internal fixation (ORIF) for displaced intra-articular calcaneal fractures.
Articles from 2000 to 2016 were searched through MEDLINE (PubMed), Cochrane Library, Embase, ScienceDirect, Scopus and ISI Web of Knowledge using Boolean logic and text words. Of the 570 articles identified initially, nine were selected including three randomized controlled trials and six retrospective comparative studies.
All nine studies had a total of 1,031 patients with 1,102 displaced intra-articular calcaneal fractures. Mean follow-up was 33 months. Of these, 602 (54.6%) were treated with MIRPF and 500 (45.4%) were treated with ORIF.
Overall incidence of wound-related complications in patients treated with MIRPF was 4.3% (0% to 13%) compared with 21.2% (11.7% to 35%) in the ORIF group
Functional outcomes were reported to be better in the minimally invasive group in all studies; however, the results did not reach statistical significance in some studies. All the studies had methodological flaws that put them at either âunclearâ or âhighâ risk of bias for multiple domains.
Overall quality of the available evidence is poor in support of either surgical technique due to small sample size, flaws in study designs and high risk of bias for various elements. Individual studies have reported minimally invasive techniques to be an effective alternative with lower risk of wound complications and better functional outcomes.</ul
Towards compliant distributed shared memory
Copyright © 2002 IEEEThere exists a wide spectrum of coherency models for use in distributed shared memory (DSM) systems. The choice of model for an application should ideally be based on the application's data access patterns and phase changes. However, in current systems, most, if not all of the parameters of the coherency model are fixed in the underlying DSM system. This forces the application either to structure its computations to suit the underlying model or to endure an inefficient coherency model. This paper introduces a unique approach to the provision of DSM based on the idea of compliance. Compliance allows an application to specify how the system should most effectively operate through a separation between mechanism, provided by the underlying system, and policy, pro-vided by the application. This is in direct contrast with the traditional view that an application must mold itself to the hard-wired choices that its operating platform has made. The contribution of this work is the definition and implementation of an architecture for compliant distributed coherency management. The efficacy of this architecture is illustrated through a worked example.Falkner, K. E.; Detmold, H.; Munro, D. S.; Olds, T
Quantum Repeaters using Coherent-State Communication
We investigate quantum repeater protocols based upon atomic
qubit-entanglement distribution through optical coherent-state communication.
Various measurement schemes for an optical mode entangled with two spatially
separated atomic qubits are considered in order to nonlocally prepare
conditional two-qubit entangled states. In particular, generalized measurements
for unambiguous state discrimination enable one to completely eliminate
spin-flip errors in the resulting qubit states, as they would occur in a
homodyne-based scheme due to the finite overlap of the optical states in phase
space. As a result, by using weaker coherent states, high initial fidelities
can still be achieved for larger repeater spacing, at the expense of lower
entanglement generation rates. In this regime, the coherent-state-based
protocols start resembling single-photon-based repeater schemes.Comment: 11 pages, 8 figure
Efficient optical quantum information processing
Quantum information offers the promise of being able to perform certain
communication and computation tasks that cannot be done with conventional
information technology (IT). Optical Quantum Information Processing (QIP) holds
particular appeal, since it offers the prospect of communicating and computing
with the same type of qubit. Linear optical techniques have been shown to be
scalable, but the corresponding quantum computing circuits need many auxiliary
resources. Here we present an alternative approach to optical QIP, based on the
use of weak cross-Kerr nonlinearities and homodyne measurements. We show how
this approach provides the fundamental building blocks for highly efficient
non-absorbing single photon number resolving detectors, two qubit parity
detectors, Bell state measurements and finally near deterministic control-not
(CNOT) gates. These are essential QIP devicesComment: Accepted to the Journal of optics B special issue on optical quantum
computation; References update
Experiences of aspiring school principals receiving coaching as part of a leadership development programme
Purpose
This paper adds depth to our understanding of how coaching works by exploring the experiences of 14 aspiring school principals who received one-to-one leadership coaching as part of a leadership development programme.
Design/methodology/approach
This study adopts a phenomenological approach. Individual semi-structured interviews were conducted with the participants. Thematic analysis was used to code the data and identify themes.
Findings
This paper reports on four themes based on the experiences of the participants: having time to reflect, feeling safe to explore, focussing on what's important for me and experiencing positive emotions.
Research limitations/implications
The findings are unique to the participants who volunteered to take part in this study and therefore not representative of a general population of aspiring educational leaders. Further research is needed into the possible benefits of coaching to support educators undergoing leadership training.
Practical implications
The findings raise a potential dilemma within the teaching profession about the use of educators' time; while they need to give time and attention to multiple stakeholders, they also need to protect time for their own development and self-reflection. Based on the reported experiences of the participants in this study, it is recommended that coaching be considered a component of professional development for educational leaders.
Originality/value
This paper adds to the growing research base for coaching in education, providing a unique insight into the experiences of aspiring school principals who received one-to-one leadership coaching as part of a leadership development programme
Values and aspirations for coastal waters of the Kimberley: social values and participatory mapping using interviews. Technical Report. Kimberley Marine Research Program Node of the Western Australian Marine Science Institution
This is the first report from the âValues and aspirations for coastal waters of the Kimberleyâ research project funded by the Western Australian Government and administered by the Western Australian Marine Science Institution (Kimberley Research Node Project 2.1.2). The study area extends from the south western end of Eighty Mile Beach to the Northern Territory Border, a coastline 13,296 km in length at low water mark including the islands. The aim of this 3-year research project is to document and analyse the social values and aspirations of people associated with the existing and proposed marine parks at Eighty Mile Beach, Roebuck Bay, Lalang-garram (Camden Sound) and North Kimberley, and with other coastal waters of the Kimberley
Unifying static and dynamic approaches to evolution through the Compliant Systems Architecture
©2004 IEEE. Personal use of this material is permitted. However, permission to reprint/republish this material for advertising or promotional purposes or for creating new collective works for resale or redistribution to servers or lists, or to reuse any copyrighted component of this work in other works must be obtained from the IEEE.Support for evolution can be classified as static or dynamic. Static evolvability is principally concerned with structuring systems as separated abstractions. Dynamic evolvability is concerned with the means by which change is effected. Dynamic evolution provides the requisite flexibility for application evolution, however, the dynamic approach is not scalable in the absence of static measures to achieve separation of abstractions. This separation comes at a price in that issues of concern become trapped within static abstraction boundaries, thereby inhibiting dynamic evolution. The need for a unified approach has long been recognised but existing systems that attempt to address this need do so in an ad-hoc manner. The principal reason for this is that these approaches fail to resolve the incongruence in the underlying models. Our contention is that this disparity is incidental rather than fundamental to the problem. To this end we propose an alternative model based on the Compliant Systems Architecture (CSA), a structuring methodology for constructing software systems. The overriding benefit of this work is increased flexibility. Specifically our contribution is an instantiation of the CSA that supports unified static and dynamic evolution techniques. Our model is explored through a worked example in which we evolve an applicationâs concurrency model.Falkner, K.; Detmold, H.; Howard, D.; Munro, D.S.; Morrison, R.; Norcross, S
Ensemble averaged entanglement of two-particle states in Fock space
Recent results, extending the Schmidt decomposition theorem to wavefunctions
of identical particles, are reviewed. They are used to give a definition of
reduced density operators in the case of two identical particles. Next, a
method is discussed to calculate time averaged entanglement. It is applied to a
pair of identical electrons in an otherwise empty band of the Hubbard model,
and to a pair of bosons in the the Bose-Hubbard model with infinite range
hopping. The effect of degeneracy of the spectrum of the Hamiltonian on the
average entanglement is emphasised.Comment: 19 pages Latex, changed title, references added in the conclusion
The efficiencies of generating cluster states with weak non-linearities
We propose a scalable approach to building cluster states of matter qubits
using coherent states of light. Recent work on the subject relies on the use of
single photonic qubits in the measurement process. These schemes can be made
robust to detector loss, spontaneous emission and cavity mismatching but as a
consequence the overhead costs grow rapidly, in particular when considering
single photon loss. In contrast, our approach uses continuous variables and
highly efficient homodyne measurements. We present a two-qubit scheme, with a
simple bucket measurement system yielding an entangling operation with success
probability 1/2. Then we extend this to a three-qubit interaction, increasing
this probability to 3/4. We discuss the important issues of the overhead cost
and the time scaling. This leads to a "no-measurement" approach to building
cluster states, making use of geometric phases in phase space.Comment: 21 pages, to appear in special issue of New J. Phys. on
"Measurement-Based Quantum Information Processing
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