Tumour Incidence and Tumour-Free Sublines in BR6 Mice

IN 1945 Foulds mated some C57/BL female mice with RIII males. Some of the progeny of these matings developed mammary tumours and the sixth female to do so and a male of the same litter constituted the parents of the BR6 strain which has been maintained by brother-sister mating ever since. Foulds supposed that the BR6 strain harbours the mammary tumour virus derived from its RIII male progenitor since the virus was demonstrable in a similar C57 x RIII hybrid bearing mammary tumours (Foulds, 1949a). The tumour incidence in the strain was high from the start (Foulds, 1949a). The tumours are influenced greatly by hormonal conditions; many of them in the original hybrids were readily transplantable into female recipients of the same genetic constitution or into males treated with oestrogen but grew slowly after a long latent period, or not at all, in males (Foulds, 1947), though this sex factor in transplantation tended to be lost in subsequent generations (Foulds, 1949b). The most striking characteristic of the tumours in the BRG line was their pregnancy dependence. The tumours almost invariably first appeared during pregnancy

Uniclamp, a load-bearing termination for oil-well, logging-type cables

Uniclamp, a simple, durable, and easily installed device used currently for oceanographic work permits mechanical loads to be attached to an oil-well, logging-type cable containing coaxial electrical leads, and it has the desirable feature of bearing loads up to the ultimate strength of the armored cable. This clamp secures the armor between a slightly tapered hollow spindle within the cable and a similarly tapered external block. This device is easy to dismantle and to reuse

Anticipatory Smiling: Linking Early Affective Communication and Social Outcome

In anticipatory smiles, infants appear to communicate pre-existing positive affect by smiling at an object and then turning the smile toward an adult. We report two studies in which the precursors, development, and consequences of anticipatory smiling were investigated. Study 1 revealed a positive correlation between infant smiling at 6 months and the level of anticipatory smiling at 8 and 10 months during joint attention episodes, as well as a positive correlation between anticipatory smiling and parent-rated social expressivity scores at 30 months. Study 2 confirmed a developmental increase in the number of infants using anticipatory smiles between 9 and 12 months that had been initially documented in the Study 1 sample [Venezia, M., Messinger, D. S., Thorp, D., & Mundy, P. (2004). The development of anticipatory smiling. Infancy, 6(3), 397–406]. Additionally, anticipatory smiling at 9 months positively predicted parent-rated social competence scores at 30 months. Findings are discussed with regard to the importance of anticipatory smiling in early socioemotional development

An analysis of the Research Fellowship Scheme of the Royal College of Surgeons of England.

BACKGROUND: The Research Fellowship Scheme of the Royal College of Surgeons of England commenced in 1993 with the aim of exposing selected surgical trainees to research techniques and methodology, with the hope of having an impact on surgical research and increasing the cadre of young surgeons who might decide to pursue an academic career in surgery. Over 11 million pounds sterling (approximately US 20 million dollars) has been invested in 264 fellowships. The College wished to evaluate the impact of the Scheme on the careers of research fellows, surgical research, and patient care. As the 10th anniversary of the Scheme approached. STUDY DESIGN: Two-hundred and sixty research fellows whose current addresses were available were sent a questionnaire. Two-hundred and thirty-eight (91.5%) responded. RESULTS: Three-quarters of the research fellows conducted laboratory-based research, with most of the remainder conducting patient-based clinical research. One-third of the fellows who have reached consultant status have an academic component to their post. The total number of publications based on fellowship projects was 531, with a median impact factor of 3.5. Almost all fellows had been awarded a higher degree or were working toward this. Half of the fellows received subsequent funding for research, mostly awarded by national or international funding bodies. CONCLUSIONS: The Research Fellowship Scheme of the Royal College of Surgeons of England has successfully supported many trainee surgeons in the initial phase of their research career. It has helped surgical research by increasing the pool of surgeons willing to embark on an academic career. Indirectly, patient care has benefited by promoting an evidence-based culture among young surgeons. Such schemes are relevant to surgical training programs elsewhere if more young surgeons are to be attracted into academic surgery

Bulgac-Kusnezov-Nos\'e-Hoover thermostats

In this paper we formulate Bulgac-Kusnezov constant temperature dynamics in phase space by means of non-Hamiltonian brackets. Two generalized versions of the dynamics are similarly defined: one where the Bulgac-Kusnezov demons are globally controlled by means of a single additional Nos\'e variable, and another where each demon is coupled to an independent Nos\'e-Hoover thermostat. Numerically stable and efficient measure-preserving time-reversible algorithms are derived in a systematic way for each case. The chaotic properties of the different phase space flows are numerically illustrated through the paradigmatic example of the one-dimensional harmonic oscillator. It is found that, while the simple Bulgac-Kusnezov thermostat is apparently not ergodic, both of the Nos\'e-Hoover controlled dynamics sample the canonical distribution correctly

The myth of agency and the misattribution of blame in collective imaginaries of the future

Peer Reviewedhttps://deepblue.lib.umich.edu/bitstream/2027.42/149565/1/bjos12662_am.pdfhttps://deepblue.lib.umich.edu/bitstream/2027.42/149565/2/bjos12662.pd