KAJIAN STASISTIK TERHADAP NUTRIEN ORGANIK DAN ANORGANIK UNTUK IN SITU TES BIOREMEDIASI TUMPAHAN MINYAK DENGAN METODE BIOSTIMULASI DI LINGKUNGAN PANTAI

The purpose of this paper is to present effects of nutrients in the bioremediation process of spilled crude oil in a coastal environment by statistical annalysis. An emphasis is directed at looking at effectiveness of organic and inorganic - based nutrients in that process using a method of bio-stimulation. An in-situ test was undertaken in a coastal area, by making multiple trial compartments, with a size of 0.5×0.5 m2 each; and the space between the compartments. At every compartment, one liter of crude oil was spilled. Three days later,it was added with organic and inorganic-based nutrient on the treatment (0.2; 0.3 and 0.4 kg/kg soil), where possitif respounce by added organic nutrient for stimulated microbial grouth

Proses Biostimulasi dengan Optimasi Nutrien Untuk Bioremediasi Tanah Tercemar Tumpahan Minyak Mentah Dikawasan Pantai

The Bioremediation procec is aplication basic of priciples biologycal proces for treatmnet ground water, siols and sludges contaminated by chemical hazard waste. Bioremediation with added nutrien is biostimulation metode. Biostimulation added nutriens to growht of mikroba. The suscses of bioremediation proses measure from prosen removal contaminan consentration in soils atau ground waters. Result reseach optimum value of added nutrien with rasio N:P is 107,63 : 1, with (% P) is 8,471 and removal consentration of oil coefisien ( k ) 0,033 /day. The research use added nutrien 8,47 % P with rasio N : P = 105,5 : 1, prosen bioremediation is 88,47%. Output regretion analisis R-Sq(adj) = 82,2% .This result can response high significanti. The reserch do at land/soils near East Surabaya beach in Kelurahan Keputih Kecamatan Sukolilo from September-November, 2007

KEMAMPUAN TANAMAN MANGROVE UNTUK MENYERAP LOGAM BERAT MERKURI (Hg) DAN TIMBAL (Pb)

The power of mangrove forest can reserve and keep heavy metal in fabric of body, suck as leaves, trunks, and the roots which allow in their sedimen. From the analysis of organolaptic it proved that kind of mangrove, Bruguiera gymnorhiza, can stand from toxic consentrasion. But for another various like Avicennia marina and Rhizophora mucronata can’t against from toxic consentration. It proved by the heavy metal analisis that kind of mangrove such as Avicennia marina, Rhizophora mucronata and Bruguiera gymnorhiza can reserve heavy metal effectively. The power of mangrove reserve the heavy metal which has different treath whent from toxic consentration in every various so that can decrease the level of land soil at atmosphere, sedimen, and heavy metal until maximum

Demography and Histopathological presentations of oral and maxillo-facial region tumours in Jamshoro, Pakistan.

Introduction: Oral and Pharyngeal cancers are the sixth most common cancer globally. In developing countries, the annual incidence of oral cancer is around 275,000 cases while 130,300 cases of pharyngeal cancers excluding naso-pharynx. Salivary glands tumors are rare accounting for less than 5 % of tumors of head and neck region. The annual incidence of these tumors is 0.05 to 2 cases per 100,000 populations. Majority (over two third quarters) of salivary gland tumors occurs in the parotid glands of which most of them (2/3rd) of them are benign in nature. While most common parotid gland’s benign tumor is Pleomorphic Adenoma. Objective: To assess the morphology and histopathological features of oral and maxillo-facial region tumours among the patients in Liaquat University Hospital, Jamshoro, Sindh. Methodology: A Cross-sectional study was conducted at Liaquat University Hospital, Jamshoro. Data was collected regarding socio-demographic features, anatomical location of tumours and relevant history of patients admitted at surgical, medical and ENT units of Liaquat University Hospital, Jamshoro from January 2016 to January 2018. Histopathological diagnostic record was collected from Research and Diagnostic Laboratory of Liaquat University Hospital, Jamshoro. Results: A total of 160 biopsies were collected from surgical, medical and ENT units of Liaquat University Hospital with maximum (43%) of biopsies were from ENT unit. Most (51%) tumours were benign and 37% were malignant in nature. These tumours of oral and maxillo-facial region were mostly (38%) located in parotid region. Histopathological findings of this study revealed that majority (51%) tumours were Pleomorphic adenoma while (20%) of malignant tumours were Mucoepidermoid Carcinoma. Conclusion: Based on findings of the study, we conclude that the most common anatomical location of oral and faciomaxillary tumours, in either gender, is parotid region. The majority of oral and faciomaxillary tumours were benign; frequently occurring benign tumour was pleomorphic adenoma while most frequent malignant tumour was Muco-epidermoid Carcinoma.   Key Words: Faciomaxillary tumours, Salivary glands, Pleomorphic adenoma

DEVELOPMENT OF ONCE-DAILY MYCOPHENOLATE MOFETIL SUSTAINED RELEASE ORAL NANOPARTICLES

Objective: To develop an oral sustained release formulation of the immunosuppressive drug, mycophenolate mofetil (MMF) for once-daily dosing, for use in organ transplant recipients as an anti-rejection drug. Formulating mucoadhesive chitosan-coated polymeric nanoparticles (CS-PNPs) of MMF presents a novel strategy for achieving sustained drug release of an essential drug for transplant patients, which could improve medication adherence and therefore transplant outcomes. Methods: MMF CS-PNPs were prepared by a single emulsion solvent evaporation method in chloroform with slight modifications. All the formulations are evaluated for particle size, encapsulation efficiency as well as in vitro drug release in USP simulated gastric fluid (SGF) and simulated intestinal fluid (SIF). Differential scanning calorimetry (DSC), surface morphology by scanning electron microscopy (SEM), and in vitro mucin binding of the nanoparticles were performed for further characterization. Results: Two optimal formulations [MMF: PLA: MMWC= 1:7:7 and MMF: HMWPLGA: HMWC= 1:7:7] had high encapsulation efficiency (94.34% and 75.44% respectively) and sustained drug release with a minimal burst phase. DSC experiments reveal an amorphous form of MMF in the nanoparticle formulations. The surface morphology of CS-PNPs observed by SEM showed spherical nanoparticles with minimal visible porosity. Mucin binding was assessed by changes in zeta potential after incubation of the nanoparticles in mucin. Conclusion: Two CS-PNP formulations; MMF: HMWPLGA: HMWC= 1:7:7 (w/w/w) and MMF: PLA: MMW= 1:7:7(w/w/w) had high drug loading and sustained drug release of MMF, representing lead candidates in the effort to design a once-daily dosage form for MMF

PENGARUH PROGRAM CAR FREE DAY TERHADAP PENURUNAN BEBAN PENCEMAR CO DAN NO2

Surabaya is the second largest city after Jakarta, an increasing number of people each year is always followed by an increasing volume of the vehicle so that the air pollution in the city of Surabaya will be increasing as well. Car free day program is one of the mitigation program against air pollution caused by automobiles. Motor vehicles produce gases CO and NO2 gas from fuel combustion processes that can cause air pollution. CO gas also affects the formation of greenhouse gases. This research was intended to analyze the efficiency of car free day program which held at Jln. Jemur Andayani. Efficiency which intended is percentage of CO and NO2 emissions reduction and ambient air concentrations . This CO and NO2 emissions research was using amount of vehicles and emission factor. Meanwhile for the ambient air was using CO meter and Griess Saltzman with impinger for NO2 ambient air. Car free day program reduce the emissions of CO by 60.4% and NO2 reduced by 60.2% . Where as the concentration of CO in the ambient air dropped by 97.3% and NO2 concentrations in ambient air decreased by 83 % . Keywords : ambient , car free day , CO , efficiency , emissions , NO

Mechanisms of hormonal regulation of CAD gene expression and inhibition by Aryl hydrocarbon receptor agonist in human breast cancer cells

The CAD gene is trifunctional and expresses carbamoylphosphate synthetase/aspartate carbamyltransferase/dihydroorotase, which are required for pyrimidine biosynthesis. CAD gene activities are induced in MCF-7 human breast cancer cells, and treatment of MCF-7 or ZR-75 cells with 17b-estradiol (E2) resulted in a 3-5 fold increase in CAD mRNA levels in both cell lines. E2 induced reporter gene activity in MCF-7 and ZR-75 cells transfected with a construct containing the growth-responsive -90/+115 (pCAD1) region of the CAD gene promoter, which contains three upstream GC-rich and two downstream E-box motifs. Deletion and mutation analysis of the CAD gene promoter demonstrated that only the GC boxes that bind Sp1 protein were required for E2-responsiveness. Results of gel shift and chromatin immunoprecipitation (CHIP) assays show that both Sp1 and estrogen receptor a (ERa) interact with the GC-rich region of the CAD gene promoter. Moreover, hormone-induced transactivation of pCAD1 was inhibited by cotransfection with dominant-negative Sp1 expression plasmid and small inhibitory RNA for Sp1. These results demonstrate that, in common with many other genes involved in E2-induced cell proliferation, the CAD gene is also regulated by a nonclassical ERa/Sp1-mediated pathway. 2,3,7,8-Tetrachlorodibenzo-p-dioxin (TCDD) and other aryl hydrocarbon receptor (AhR) ligands suppress several E2-induced responses in the rodent uterus and mammary tumors and in human breast cancer cells. TCDD inhibited hormone-induced activation of CAD mRNA levels and reporter gene activity in MCF-7 and ZR-75 cells transfected with E2-responsive pCAD promoter constructs. E2-mediated transactivation of pCAD constructs with a mutant inhibitory dioxin responsive element DRE (iDRE) were also inhibited by TCDD suggesting that inhibitory AhR-ERa/Sp1 crosstalk was iDRE-independent. It was not possible to determine whether the levels of ERa in cells cotreated with E2 plus TCDD were limiting since the proteasome inhibitor MG132 itself directly decreased CAD mRNA levels. Using fluorescence resonance energy transfer (FRET), it was shown that both E2 and TCDD enhanced AhR-ERa interactions. E2 also induced interactions between ERa and Sp1. However cotreatment with TCDD abrogated this effect. Results of this study demonstrate a unique model of AhR-ERa crosstalk where the liganded AhR inhibits ERa-Sp1 interactions and also recruits ERa to Ahresponsive gene promoters such as CYP1A1