PENGARUH PENGGUNAAN PICTOGRAM TERHADAP TINGKAT KEPATUHAN MINUM OBAT ANTI TUBERKULOSIS (OAT) PASIEN TB PARU DI PUSKESMAS WILAYAH BANJARMASIN UTARA

Tuberkulosis (TB) merupakan penyakit infeksi menular yang disebabkan oleh bakteri Mycobacterium tuberculosis. Angka kejadian TB sangat tinggi di negara berkembang, salah satunya di Indonesia. Pengobatan TB dilakukan dengan memberikan obat antituberkulosis (OAT) selama 6 bulan sampai pasien dinyatakan sembuh. Salah satu faktor kegagalan terapi TB adalah rendahnya tingkat kepatuhan pasien dalam menggunakan OAT. Pictogram sendiri merupakan media bantu visual dalam bentuk gambar yang diharapkan mampu memberikan informasi secara efektif sehingga dapat meningkatkan pemahaman pasien tentang penggunaan OAT. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui pengaruh penggunaan pictogram terhadap peningkatan kepatuhan minum obat OAT pada pasien TB paru di Puskesmas wilayah Banjarmasin Utara. Penelitian ini merupakan penelitian eksperimental one group dengan menggunakan rancangan pretest-posttest design.  Instrumen yang digunakan adalah Pictogram dan kuesioner MMAS-8 untuk mengukur tingkat kepatuhan pasien. Data hasil penelitian kemudian dianalisis menggunakan uji Wilcoxon. Adapun sampel yang didapat adalah sebanyak 28 sampel. Hasil penelitian ini menunjukkan terdapat peningkatan kepatuhan minum OAT secara signifikan pada pasien TB paru setelah menerima intervensi menggunakan pictogram (p<0,05). Berdasarkan hasil tersebut dapat disimpulkan bahwa penggunaan pictogram berpengaruh terhadap peningkatan kepatuhan minum obat OAT pada pasien TB paru di puskesmas wilayah Banjarmasin Utara

Evaluation of Spironolactone in Combination with Furosemide in Cirrhotic Patients with Permagna (Large) Ascites

Ascites happens in 50% of patients with liver cirrhosis, Some of them experienced permagna ascites (large ascites). Based on the European Association for the Study of the Liver (EASL) guidelines in 2010, therapy of permagna ascites (large ascites) is paracentesis followed by restriction of sodium intake and diuretics. The use of diuretics can cause side effects such as hyperkalemia and hypokalemia. The aims of this study is to determine the effectiveness and safety of the combination of spironolactone and furosemide in patients with liver cirrhosis with permagna ascites.This study was an analytical observational study with retrospective cohort design. This study was done through a search of cirrhotic patients with permagna ascites’ medical record during January 2010-December 2014. This study was conducted at RSUP Dr. Sardjito. A total of 19 subjects categorized in the tense group and 39 subjects were in non-tense group. The effectiveness of diuretics seen by decreasing 1 cm/day of the patient's abdominal girth daily and the achievement of minimum of fluid balance -500 ml/day. Effectiveness data was analyzed by using independent t-test statistic. Side effects data was analyzed descriptively. There are no significantly different in reduction of abdominal girth and achieving fluid balance between cirrhotic patients with tense and non-tense ascites (p> 0.05); Adverse events of diuretics occurs in 5 patients, consist of hypokalemia 2 patients (3.45%), hyperkalemia 2 patients (3.45%) and hyponatraemia 1 patient (1.72%)

UJI AKTIVITAS ANTIOKSIDAN PADA EKSTRAK ETANOL 70% TANAMAN TERATAI PUTIH (Nymphaea nouchali L)

Many aquatic plants grow in these rivers, one of which is the lotus. Lotus (Nymphaea) is a plant that often lives in the swamplands of South Kalimantan, especially Banjarmasin. The lotus is a wild plant in its natural habitat, which is not foreign to Indonesian people. Some Indonesian people only know about the beauty of this plant. It turns out that apart from its beauty, the lotus also has benefits for curing various diseases. The lotus plant can also be used as medicine because it contains several different chemical ingredients in each part. This research aims to determine the antioxidant activity of extracts from various parts of the White Lotus plant (Nymphaea nouchali L) using the DPPH method. The plant parts tested include: flower parts, flower stalks, leaves and petioles. Based on the research results, the highest antioxidant activity test was found in flower extract, namely with an IC50 value of 66.906 μg/mL, and the lowest was found in leaf extract, namely with an IC50 value of 99.449 μg/mL. Quercetin as a comparison standard has an IC50 value of 6.337 μg/mL with a "very strong" antioxidant activity category, while flower extract, flower stalk extract, leaf extract and leaf stalk extract have a "strong" antioxidant activity category

GAMBARAN BIAYA PASIEN DIABETES MELITUS TIPE 2 DENGAN TERAPI ANTIDIABETIK ORAL DI RSUD ULIN BANJARMASIN

Diabetes melitus merupakan salah satu penyakit yang membutuhkan terapi yang lama, bahkan dilakukan sepanjang hidup pasien dan membutuhkan biaya yang cukup besar. Tujuan dari penelitian ini adalah untuk mengetahui gambaran biaya pada pasien diabetes melitus tipe 2 dengan terapi antidiabetik oral di RSUD Ulin Banjarmasin. Penelitian ini dilakukan dengan cara deskriptif pada pasien diabetes melitus tipe 2 dengan terapi antidiabetik oral yang berkunjung ke bagian rawat jalan RSUD Ulin Banjarmasin pada bulan Maret 2016. Sampel dalam penelitian ini adalah 45 pasien. Pengambilan data dilakukan dengan melihat ke bagian instalasi farmasi bagian rekam medik dan kebagian keuangan RSUD Ulin Banjarmasin. Dari 45 pasien yang di analisis, 66,67 %  perempuan dan 33,33%  laki-laki. Pasien dengan rentan umur 55-64 adalah persentase tertinggi 37,78%. Biaya total terapi rata-rata Rp 500,743 per bulan. Biaya tertinggi adalah biaya obat (53,27%), di ikuti biaya untuk laboratorium (36,90%), dan biaya terendah adalah biaya pemeriksaan dokter (9,83%). ÂÂ

UJI ANTIINFLAMASI EKSTRAK ETANOL BIJI PETAI (PARKIA SPECIOSA HASSK.) TERHADAP MENCIT PUTIH (MUS MUSCULUS) JANTAN YANG DIINDUKSI KARAGENIN

Petai seeds contain phenolic compounds, flavonoids, terpenoids, and steroids which are thought to have a role in anti-inflammatory effect. In this study, the anti-inflammatory effect of petai seed extract was tested using the paw edema method induced by 1% carrageenin. The test was carried out by dividing 5 groups, namely negative control, positive control and ethanol extract of petai seeds with doses of 100,200 and 300 mg/kgBW. In this study, there were 4 test parameters, namely the percent edema, AUC (Area Under Curve), the percent inhibition of inflammation, and the percent relative potential of anti-inflammatory power. The test data were analyzed by analysis of variance (ANOVA) then followed by the Post Hoc test using the LSD (Least Square Differences) method with a 95% confidence level to see the differences between treatments. Based on the results of these tests, the results stated that the administration of ethanol extract of petai seeds had anti-inflammatory power with the best dose of 300 mg/kgBB