18 research outputs found

    Dynamics of Development of Oikonymic System in Northern Lyudik Language Area

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    Some aspects of the formation of the oikonymic system of the local territory during the second half of the II millennium, which is caused, on the one hand, by the development of the settlement structure, and on the other, by the laws of toponymic nomination are discussed in the article. The material for analysis was information from historical documents (cadastres, census lists, lists of populated areas) of the 16th - early 20th centuries, as well as the results of field gatherings in the territory of the northwestern Onega inhabited by Karelian people. It is proved that the system of oikonyms includes elements dating back to different chronological periods. At the same time, oikonymic models are identified that mark individual stages in the development of the system. Particular attention is paid to the existence of oikonyms on two levels: official (written) and unofficial (oral). Of these, the former was more conservative, and the latter was more responsive to changes in circumstances related to the life of the settlement, change of ownership of the courtyard, etc. It was revealed that the widespread adoption and consolidation in the official practice of popular names occurred in the middle of the XIX century. The relevance of the study lies in a number of new etymological interpretations of oikonyms, for which historical sources are used, which made it possible to build chains of successively changing variants of the name. As a result, some Karelian folk forms of Orthodox names were reconstructed, and the list of non-calendar Karelian anthroponyms was expanded

    Russian Dialects as a Resource for Finniс Historical Lexicology

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    ΠŸΠΎΡΡ‚ΡƒΠΏΠΈΠ»Π° Π² Ρ€Π΅Π΄Π°ΠΊΡ†ΠΈΡŽ: 27.05.2021. ΠŸΡ€ΠΈΠ½ΡΡ‚Π° ΠΊ ΠΏΠ΅Ρ‡Π°Ρ‚ΠΈ: 07.07.2021.Submitted: 27.05.2021. Accepted: 07.07.2021.Π’ ΡΡ‚Π°Ρ‚ΡŒΠ΅ ΠΏΡ€Π΅Π΄Π»ΠΎΠΆΠ΅Π½Π° рСконструкция ряда вСпсских ΠΈ ΠΊΠ°Ρ€Π΅Π»ΡŒΡΠΊΠΈΡ… Π»ΡŽΠ΄ΠΈΠΊΠΎΠ²ΡΠΊΠΈΡ… ΠΏΡ€ΠΎΠΈΠ·Π²ΠΎΠ΄Π½Ρ‹Ρ… лСксСм, ΠΌΠ°Ρ‚Π΅Ρ€ΠΈΠ°Π»ΠΎΠΌ для ΠΊΠΎΡ‚ΠΎΡ€ΠΎΠΉ послуТила диалСктная лСксика русских Π³ΠΎΠ²ΠΎΡ€ΠΎΠ² ОбонСТья. Π£Ρ‚Ρ€Π°Ρ‡Π΅Π½Π½Ρ‹Π΅ ΠΈΠ· Π½Π°Π·Π²Π°Π½Π½Ρ‹Ρ… прибалтийско-финских языков Π² силу обрусСния насСлСния, ΠΏΡ€ΠΎΠΆΠΈΠ²Π°Π²ΡˆΠ΅Π³ΠΎ вдоль Ρ‚Ρ€Π°Π½Π·ΠΈΡ‚Π½Ρ‹Ρ… Π²ΠΎΠ΄Π½ΠΎ-Π²ΠΎΠ»ΠΎΠΊΠΎΠ²Ρ‹Ρ… ΠΏΡƒΡ‚Π΅ΠΉ, ΠΈΡΠΏΠΎΠ»ΡŒΠ·ΠΎΠ²Π°Π²ΡˆΠΈΡ…ΡΡ для освоСния ОбонСТья ΡƒΠΆΠ΅ начиная с Π²Ρ€Π΅ΠΌΠ΅Π½ Π’Π΅Π»ΠΈΠΊΠΎΠ³ΠΎ Новгорода, ΠΎΠ½ΠΈ ΡΠΎΡ…Ρ€Π°Π½ΠΈΠ»ΠΈΡΡŒ Π² качСствС субстратных ΠΈΠ»ΠΈ заимствованных Π² Ρ‚Π΅Ρ€Ρ€ΠΈΡ‚ΠΎΡ€ΠΈΠ°Π»ΡŒΠ½ΠΎ смСТных русских Π³ΠΎΠ²ΠΎΡ€Π°Ρ…. ВСпсскиС ΠΈ ΠΊΠ°Ρ€Π΅Π»ΡŒΡΠΊΠΈΠ΅ языковыС Π΄Π°Π½Π½Ρ‹Π΅ Ρ‚Ρ€Π°Π΄ΠΈΡ†ΠΈΠΎΠ½Π½ΠΎ ΠΈΡΠΏΠΎΠ»ΡŒΠ·ΡƒΡŽΡ‚ΡΡ для этимологичСской ΠΈΠ½Ρ‚Π΅Ρ€ΠΏΡ€Π΅Ρ‚Π°Ρ†ΠΈΠΈ русской Π΄ΠΈΠ°Π»Π΅ΠΊΡ‚Π½ΠΎΠΉ лСксики. ΠžΠ±Ρ€Π°Ρ‚Π½Ρ‹ΠΉ ΠΆΠ΅ ΠΏΠΎΠ΄Ρ…ΠΎΠ΄ β€” ΠΏΡ€ΠΈΠ²Π»Π΅Ρ‡Π΅Π½ΠΈΠ΅ русских Π΄ΠΈΠ°Π»Π΅ΠΊΡ‚ΠΎΠ² ΠΊΠ°ΠΊ рСсурса для прибалтийско-финских этимологичСских исслСдований β€” Π½Π΅ ΠΏΠΎΠ»ΡƒΡ‡ΠΈΠ» ΡˆΠΈΡ€ΠΎΠΊΠΎΠ³ΠΎ примСнСния. ΠŸΡ€ΠΈ рСконструкции Π²Π°ΠΆΠ΅Π½ ΡƒΡ‡Π΅Ρ‚ Ρ‚Π°ΠΊΠΈΡ… ΠΏΠ°Ρ€Π°ΠΌΠ΅Ρ‚Ρ€ΠΎΠ², ΠΊΠ°ΠΊ Π°Ρ€Π΅Π°Π» русского слова, Π½Π°Ρ†Π΅Π»ΠΈΠ²Π°ΡŽΡ‰ΠΈΠΉ Π½Π° Π²ΠΏΠΎΠ»Π½Π΅ ΠΎΠΏΡ€Π΅Π΄Π΅Π»Π΅Π½Π½Ρ‹ΠΉ прибалтийско-финский язык-этимон; закономСрности фонСтичСской субституции ΠΈ Π°Π΄Π°ΠΏΡ‚Π°Ρ†ΠΈΠΈ спСцифичСских прибалтийско-финских Π·Π²ΡƒΠΊΠΎΠ² ΠΈ звукосочСтаний Π² русскиС Π³ΠΎΠ²ΠΎΡ€Ρ‹; Π±Ρ‹Ρ‚ΠΎΠ²Π°Π½ΠΈΠ΅ слова ΠΈ Π΅Π³ΠΎ сСмантика Π² родствСнных языках. Π”ΠΎΠΏΠΎΠ»Π½ΠΈΡ‚Π΅Π»ΡŒΠ½Ρ‹Π΅ возмоТности прСдоставляСт ΠΏΡ€ΠΈΠ²Π»Π΅Ρ‡Π΅Π½ΠΈΠ΅ топонимичСских Π΄Π°Π½Π½Ρ‹Ρ… β€” Π² силу массовости ΠΈ Ρ…ΠΎΡ€ΠΎΡˆΠ΅ΠΉ сохранности Ρ‚ΠΎΠΏΠΎΠ½ΠΈΠΌΠΎΠ². Π’ ΡΡ‚Π°Ρ‚ΡŒΠ΅ рСконструировано нСсколько вСпсских ΠΈ Π»ΡŽΠ΄ΠΈΠΊΠΎΠ²ΡΠΊΠΈΡ… ΠΏΡ€ΠΎΠΈΠ·Π²ΠΎΠ΄Π½Ρ‹Ρ… лСксСм, Π½Π΅ зафиксированных Π² словарях ΠΈ Π΄Ρ€ΡƒΠ³ΠΈΡ… источниках. Π‘Ρ€Π΅Π΄ΠΈ Π½ΠΈΡ… лСксСмы с суффиксами -(e)k ΠΈ -(e)h (*katek β€˜Ρ‚ΠΎΠ½ΠΊΠΈΠΉ лСд’, *torek β€˜ΡˆΡƒΠΌ, трСск, грохот’, *čapek β€˜Π·Π°Ρ€ΠΎΡΡˆΠ°Ρ подсСка’, rΓ€beh β€˜ΡΡ‹Ρ€ΠΎΠ΅ Π½ΠΈΠ·ΠΊΠΎΠ΅ мСсто Π² лСсу’), вСпсскоС ΠΎΡ‚Π³Π»Π°Π³ΠΎΠ»ΡŒΠ½ΠΎΠ΅ имя *kΓΌtm < *kΓΌtkim β€˜ΠΏΡ€ΠΈΠ²ΡΠ·ΡŒ для Ρ€ΠΎΠ³Π°Ρ‚ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ скота’ с суффиксом -im, людиковский Ρ‚Π΅Ρ€ΠΌΠΈΠ½ *hΓΆrpΓ€k β€˜ΠΊΠΎΠ» с ΡΡƒΡ‡ΡŒΡΠΌΠΈ для ΡΡƒΡˆΠΊΠΈ сСна’ с суффиксом -Γ€k ΠΈ вСпсский Π»Π°Π½Π΄ΡˆΠ°Ρ„Ρ‚Π½Ρ‹ΠΉ Ρ‚Π΅Ρ€ΠΌΠΈΠ½ *pugend ~ *pugond β€˜Π±Ρ‹ΡΡ‚Ρ€ΠΈΠ½Π° с ΡƒΠ·ΠΊΠΈΠΌ руслом Π½Π° рСкС’, Π² ΠΊΠΎΡ‚ΠΎΡ€ΠΎΠΌ воплотился суффикс -nd (< -nto). Π˜ΡΡ‚ΠΎΡ‡Π½ΠΈΠΊΠΎΠΌ русских Π΄ΠΈΠ°Π»Π΅ΠΊΡ‚Π½Ρ‹Ρ… Π΄Π°Π½Π½Ρ‹Ρ… послуТило ΠΌΠΎΠ½ΡƒΠΌΠ΅Π½Ρ‚Π°Π»ΡŒΠ½ΠΎΠ΅ ΠΈΠ·Π΄Π°Π½ΠΈΠ΅ β€” «Русский Π΄ΠΈΠ°Π»Π΅ΠΊΡ‚Π½Ρ‹ΠΉ этимологичСский ΡΠ»ΠΎΠ²Π°Ρ€ΡŒ. ЛСксика ΠΊΠΎΠ½Ρ‚Π°ΠΊΡ‚Π½Ρ‹Ρ… Ρ€Π΅Π³ΠΈΠΎΠ½ΠΎΠ²Β», ΠΏΠΎΠ΄Π³ΠΎΡ‚ΠΎΠ²Π»Π΅Π½Π½Ρ‹ΠΉ Π‘. А. ΠœΡ‹Π·Π½ΠΈΠΊΠΎΠ²Ρ‹ΠΌ (2019). Π’ Π½Π΅ΠΌ ΠΏΡ€ΠΎΠ²Π΅Π΄Π΅Π½Π° большая Ρ€Π°Π±ΠΎΡ‚Π° ΠΏΠΎ поиску прибалтийско-финских ΠΊΠΎΡ€Π½Π΅ΠΉ для русских лСксСм. ΠŸΠΎΠ½ΡΡ‚Π½ΠΎ, Ρ‡Ρ‚ΠΎ Ρƒ Π°Π²Ρ‚ΠΎΡ€Π° словаря Π²ΠΎΠ·Π½ΠΈΠΊΠ°Π»ΠΈ СстСствСнныС слоТности Π² Π°Ρ‚Ρ€ΠΈΠ±ΡƒΡ†ΠΈΠΈ русских Π΄ΠΈΠ°Π»Π΅ΠΊΡ‚Π½Ρ‹Ρ… лСксСм, для ΠΊΠΎΡ‚ΠΎΡ€Ρ‹Ρ… Π½Π΅ сохранился ΠΈΡ… вСпсский ΠΈΠ»ΠΈ ΠΊΠ°Ρ€Π΅Π»ΡŒΡΠΊΠΈΠΉ этимон. Π˜Π½Ρ‚Π΅Ρ€ΠΏΡ€Π΅Ρ‚Π°Ρ†ΠΈΠΈ, ΠΊΠΎΡ‚ΠΎΡ€Ρ‹Π΅ ΠΈΠ·Π»ΠΎΠΆΠ΅Π½Ρ‹ Π² ΡΡ‚Π°Ρ‚ΡŒΠ΅, ΠΏΠΎΠΏΡƒΡ‚Π½ΠΎ ΡƒΡ‚ΠΎΡ‡Π½ΡΡŽΡ‚, Π΄ΠΎΠΏΠΎΠ»Π½ΡΡŽΡ‚, Π° ΠΈΠ½ΠΎΠ³Π΄Π° ΠΈ ΠΈΡΠΏΡ€Π°Π²Π»ΡΡŽΡ‚ этимологии «Русского Π΄ΠΈΠ°Π»Π΅ΠΊΡ‚Π½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ этимологичСского словаря».This article proposes a reconstruction of a number of Vepsian and Ludic Karelian derivatives of lexemes, referring to the dialectal vocabulary of the Russian dialects of Obonezhye region. Having been lost from the aforementioned Finnic languages due to the Russification of the population living along the transit waterways used for the development of Obonezhye region since the time of Veliky Novgorod, they have survived as substratum or borrowed units in geographically adjacent Russian dialects. Vepsian and Karelian language data are traditionally used for the etymological interpretation of the Russian dialect lexicon. The reverse approach, i.e. the involvement of Russian dialects as a resource for Finnic etymological studies has not been widely used. When reconstructing, it is important to consider such parameters as the area of the Russian word, aiming at a well-defined Finnic language etymon; patterns of phonetic substitution and adaptation of specific Finnic sounds and sound combinations into Russian dialects; the existence of a word and its semantics in related languages. Additional opportunities are provided by the use of toponymic data due to the massive character and good preservation of toponyms. The article reconstructs several Vepsian and Ludic derived lexemes which have not been recorded in dictionaries or other sources. Among them, there are lexemes with suffixes -(e)k and -(e)h (*katek β€˜thin ice’, *torek β€˜noise, crackling, rumbling’, *čapek β€˜overgrown undercut’, rΓ€beh β€˜damp low place in the forest’), Vepsian verbal name *kΓΌtm <* kΓΌtkim β€˜leash for cattle’ with the -im suffix, Ludic term *hΓΆrpΓ€k β€˜stake with branches for drying hay’ with the suffix -Γ€k and Vepsian landscape term *pugend ~ *pugond β€˜swift with a narrow bed on the river’, in which the suffix -nd (< -nto) is embodied. The source of Russian dialectal data is the monumental publication Russian Dialect Etymological Dictionary. Vocabulary of Contact Regions (2019) prepared by S. А. Myznikov. A lot of work was done in it to find Finnic roots for Russian lexemes. The author of the dictionary had natural difficulties in attributing Russian dialect lexemes, for which their Vepsian or Karelian etymon did not survive. The interpretations presented in the article, along the way, clarify, supplement, and sometimes correct the etymology of the Russian Dialect Etymological Dictionary.Π‘Ρ‚Π°Ρ‚ΡŒΡ ΠΏΠΎΠ΄Π³ΠΎΡ‚ΠΎΠ²Π»Π΅Π½Π° Π² Ρ€Π°ΠΌΠΊΠ°Ρ… выполнСния госзадания ΠšΠ°Ρ€ΠΠ¦ РАН, Ρ‚Π΅ΠΌΠ° β„– 121070700122-5 Β«Π€ΡƒΠ½Π΄Π°ΠΌΠ΅Π½Ρ‚Π°Π»ΡŒΠ½Ρ‹Π΅ ΠΈ ΠΏΡ€ΠΈΠΊΠ»Π°Π΄Π½Ρ‹Π΅ аспСкты исслСдования прибалтийско-финских языков ΠšΠ°Ρ€Π΅Π»ΠΈΠΈ ΠΈ ΡΠΎΠΏΡ€Π΅Π΄Π΅Π»ΡŒΠ½Ρ‹Ρ… областСй».The study is a part of the state assignment carried out by the Karelian Research Centre of the RAS, topic 121070700122-5 β€œFundamental and Applied Aspects of the Study of the Finnic Languages of Karelia and Adjacent Regions”

    Marginal imprint of human land use upon fire history in a mire-dominated boreal landscape of the Veps Highland, North-West Russia

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    Dendrochronological reconstructions inform us about historical climate-fire-human interactions, providing a means to calibrate projections of future fire hazard. Most of these reconstructions, however, have been developed in landscapes with a considerable proportion of xeric sites that could potentially inflate our estimates of the historic levels of fire activity. We provide a 420-year long reconstruction of fires in a mire-dominated landscape of the Veps Nature Park, North-West Russia. The area has mostly escaped large-scale forestry operations in the past and is an example of pristine mid-boreal vegetation with a high (approximately 30% for the area studied) proportion of waterlogged areas with ombrotropic mires. The historical fire cycle was 91.4 years (90% confidence intervals, CI 66.2-137.6 years) over the 1580-1720 period, decreasing to 35.9 (CI 28.1-47.6 years) between 1730 and 1770, and then increasing again to 122.7 years (CI 91.0-178.0 years) over the 1780-2000 period. Early season fires dominated over late season fires during the reconstruction period. We documented a higher fire activity period between 1730 and 1780, resulting from the increase in early season fires. This period coincided with one of the largest multi-decadal declines in the reconstructed spring precipitation since 1600 CE, although we found no significant relationship between fire and precipitation over the whole reconstructed period. The nine largest fire years were associated with negative summer precipitation and positive summer temperature anomalies over the study region. Land-use history of the area did not appear to have an effect on historical fire dynamics. Modern (1996-2016) fire records indicate a regional fire cycle of ~ 1300 years, featuring a pronounced pattern with early (April-May) and late (July-September) season fires. The uniform fire cycle in the area since 1780, occurrence of nine largest fire years during years with spring-summer droughts, and low ignition frequencies over the last 420 years (0.005 to 0.037 ignitions per year and km2) suggest that the fire regime of the Veps Highland remained largely natural until the onset of the 20th century

    β€œFinnish”-Saami Flood in the Toponymy of Karelia and Russian North

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    The article analyzes four toponymic stems with the meaning of β€˜flood, overflow of water’ that have Balto-Fennic and β€” more broadly β€” Finno-Ugric origins and are attested in the toponymy of Karelia, as well as beyond its southeastern borders β€” in the Russian North. The materials were retrieved from of the Card index of toponyms of Karelia and adjacent regions, as well as the Toponymic card index of the Ural University (data related to Russian North). By virtue of semantics, the toponymic stems under consideration primarily occur in the names of water bodies, as well as flood lands. The analysis shows that all stems have verbal nature and thus are deverbal names. For two of them (Tulv- and Pais-/PaiΕΎ-) etymons (tulva, paise) are found in modern Balto-Fennic languages. For the third stem β€” Kost- (Kosht-, Kust-, Kusht-), which is traditionally associated with Balto-Fennic adjective kostea β€˜wet,’ the author suggests the possibility of a β€˜flood’-related interpretation. This proceeds, on the one hand, from the fact that the waterlogged places during the flood can be characterized as damp, wet, on the other hand, from the meaning of return movement inherent in the verbal stem kosta-. The latter reflects the characteristic movement of water back and forth. Finally, the fourth toponymic stem is based on the Saami linguistic data and their proto-linguistic reconstruction *pΔ“nte- β€˜overflow, rise (about the water level)’ which is presumably present in a number of place names. The analysis makes it possible to revise or at least offer new possibilities for the etymological interpretation of some landscape terms (e.g. pendus), as well as toponymic stems that are substratal for the Russian North and toponyms formed from them (Kushta, Pazha, Pindusha). It ultimately advances us in our search for the origins of the substrate toponymy of the Russian North

    Field Research of Karelian Toponymy

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    The article reviews toponymy field research carried out by the Institute of Language, Literature and History of the Karelian Research Centre of the Russian Academy of Sciences during the past 40 years and aiming to create and enlarge the card index of Karelian and neighbouring districts’ toponyms. The author determines the boundaries of the examined territory, characterizing the extent to which Russian and Baltic-Finnish (Karelian and Veps) toponymy is studied along with toponymy collection methods applied.Π’ ΡΡ‚Π°Ρ‚ΡŒΠ΅ даСтся ΠΎΠ±Π·ΠΎΡ€ ΠΏΠΎΠ»Π΅Π²Ρ‹Ρ… исслСдований Ρ‚ΠΎΠΏΠΎΠ½ΠΈΠΌΠΈΠΈ, ΠΏΡ€ΠΎΠ²ΠΎΠ΄ΠΈΠΌΡ‹Ρ… Π˜Π½ΡΡ‚ΠΈΡ‚ΡƒΡ‚ΠΎΠΌ языка, Π»ΠΈΡ‚Π΅Ρ€Π°Ρ‚ΡƒΡ€Ρ‹ ΠΈ истории ΠšΠ°Ρ€Π΅Π»ΡŒΡΠΊΠΎΠ³ΠΎ Π½Π°ΡƒΡ‡Π½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ Ρ†Π΅Π½Ρ‚Ρ€Π° РАН Π½Π° протяТСнии 40 Π»Π΅Ρ‚ ΠΈ ΠΈΠΌΠ΅ΡŽΡ‰ΠΈΡ… Ρ†Π΅Π»ΡŒΡŽ созданиС ΠΈ ΠΏΠΎΠΏΠΎΠ»Π½Π΅Π½ΠΈΠ΅ Научной ΠΊΠ°Ρ€Ρ‚ΠΎΡ‚Π΅ΠΊΠΈ Ρ‚ΠΎΠΏΠΎΠ½ΠΈΠΌΠΎΠ² ΠšΠ°Ρ€Π΅Π»ΠΈΠΈ ΠΈ ΡΠΎΠΏΡ€Π΅Π΄Π΅Π»ΡŒΠ½Ρ‹Ρ… областСй. Автор ΠΎΡ‡Π΅Ρ€Ρ‡ΠΈΠ²Π°Π΅Ρ‚ Π³Ρ€Π°Π½ΠΈΡ†Ρ‹ обслСдованной Ρ‚Π΅Ρ€Ρ€ΠΈΡ‚ΠΎΡ€ΠΈΠΈ ΠΈ Ρ…Π°Ρ€Π°ΠΊΡ‚Π΅Ρ€ΠΈΠ·ΡƒΠ΅Ρ‚ ΡΡ‚Π΅ΠΏΠ΅Π½ΡŒ изучСнности Π½Π° Π½Π΅ΠΉ русской ΠΈ прибалтийско-финской (ΠΊΠ°Ρ€Π΅Π»ΡŒΡΠΊΠΎΠΉ, вСпсской) Ρ‚ΠΎΠΏΠΎΠ½ΠΈΠΌΠΈΠΈ, Π° Ρ‚Π°ΠΊΠΆΠ΅ ΠΈΡΠΏΠΎΠ»ΡŒΠ·ΡƒΠ΅ΠΌΡ‹Π΅ ΠΌΠ΅Ρ‚ΠΎΠ΄ΠΈΠΊΠΈ сбора

    Phonetic Variants of the Ancient Toponymic Stem *YlΓ€- β€˜Upper’ and Their Genesis in the Hydronymy of Karelia

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    The paper explores modifi cations of the ancient proto-Finnic toponymic stem *YlΓ€- β€˜top, upper,’ attested in the hydronymy of Karelia and adjacent regions. The analysis aims to reveal its phonetic variants and their sources. It is observed that in hydronyms the stem is used both independently and in conjunction with some formants. The latter, originating from derivational suffi xes and grammatical markers, have a strong tradition of usage evidenced by a number of discovered toponyms with markers having specifi c protolanguage features. For instance, toponyms like IlinΕΎ/jΓ€rv (-nΕΎV < Proto-Saami *-Ε„Δ‡e), Ylini/jΓ€rvi (Finnic -ini), Yliz/jΓ€rvi (Finnic -ize) showcase different stages of the development of diminutive / attributive suffi x. The so-called superlative suffi x, derived from the protolanguage superlative marker *-maΞ·Δ‡e/*-mÀηće, along with its Saami and Finnic modifi cations, is attested in lake names such as Il’mozero, Ilemenza, Il’maΕΎ, Il’meza, Elimozero, El’mus, YlimΓ€ine, YlimΓ€is/jΓ€rvi etc. on the territory of Karelia and adjacent areas. It is proposed that the same logic applies to the origins of the Novgorod placename Ilmen. To underpin the attempted β€œupper” toponymic stems reconstruction, the study brings them in line with other place names derived from the stems with spatial semantics, formed with similar formant-types (e.g. lake Pelonč, Pil’masozero, Kukimasozero, Tarazmane). A certain areal distribution of naming patterns, apparently marking different ethno-linguistic groups, is also identifi ed. Specifi cally, the pattern El’muz ~ Elimys known in the Central Karelia and west adjacent areas of Eastern Finland refl ects the Late Proto-Saami linguistic condition. The pattern Ileksa, given its tight range between the lakes LachΠ°, Vozhe, Beloye, and Onega, as well as its phonetic appearance, may be an ancestry of an earlier language condition, associated with the Late Kargopol archaeological culture. The said culture’s areal quite accurately repeats the outlines of the toponymic range of Ileksa and some other toponymic patterns having a common Finnic-Saami and, in some cases, ancient western Uralic sources.Π’ ΡΡ‚Π°Ρ‚ΡŒΠ΅ рассмотрСны ΠΌΠΎΠ΄ΠΈΡ„ΠΈΠΊΠ°Ρ†ΠΈΠΈ Π΄Ρ€Π΅Π²Π½Π΅ΠΉ прафинской топоосновы *YlΓ€- β€˜Π’Π΅Ρ€Ρ…, вСрхний’, извСстныС Π² Π³ΠΈΠ΄Ρ€ΠΎΠ½ΠΈΠΌΠΈΠΈ ΠšΠ°Ρ€Π΅Π»ΠΈΠΈ ΠΈ смСТных Ρ‚Π΅Ρ€Ρ€ΠΈΡ‚ΠΎΡ€ΠΈΠΉ. ВыявлСны Π΅Π΅ фонСтичСскиС Π²Π°Ρ€ΠΈΠ°Π½Ρ‚Ρ‹ ΠΈ ΠΈΡ… гСнСзис. Показано, Ρ‡Ρ‚ΠΎ эта основа выступаСт Π² Π³ΠΈΠ΄Ρ€ΠΎΠ½ΠΈΠΌΠ°Ρ… ΠΊΠ°ΠΊ ΡΠ°ΠΌΠΎΡΡ‚ΠΎΡΡ‚Π΅Π»ΡŒΠ½ΠΎ, Ρ‚Π°ΠΊ ΠΈ Π² связкС с Ρ„ΠΎΡ€ΠΌΠ°Π½Ρ‚Π°ΠΌΠΈ. ΠŸΡ€ΠΈ этом послСдниС, восходя ΠΊ ΡΠ»ΠΎΠ²ΠΎΠΎΠ±Ρ€Π°Π·ΠΎΠ²Π°Ρ‚Π΅Π»ΡŒΠ½Ρ‹ΠΌ суффиксам ΠΈ грамматичСским показатСлям, ΠΈΠΌΠ΅ΡŽΡ‚ ΠΏΡ€ΠΎΡ‡Π½Ρ‹Π΅ Ρ‚Ρ€Π°Π΄ΠΈΡ†ΠΈΠΈ использования, ΠΊΠΎΡ‚ΠΎΡ€Ρ‹Π΅ ΠΏΠΎΠ΄Ρ‚Π²Π΅Ρ€ΠΆΠ΄Π°ΡŽΡ‚ΡΡ выявлСниСм Π½Π΅ΠΊΠΎΡ‚ΠΎΡ€ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ряда Ρ‚ΠΎΠΏΠΎΠ½ΠΈΠΌΠΎΠ² с праязыковым ΠΎΠ±Π»ΠΈΠΊΠΎΠΌ показатСля. Π’Π°ΠΊ, Ρ€Π°Π·Π½Ρ‹Π΅ стадии развития Π΄Π΅ΠΌΠΈΠ½ΡƒΡ‚ΠΈΠ²Π½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ / Π°Ρ‚Ρ€ΠΈΠ±ΡƒΡ‚ΠΈΠ²Π½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ суффикса Ρ€Π΅Π°Π»ΠΈΠ·ΠΎΠ²Π°Π½Ρ‹ Π² Ρ‚ΠΎΠΏΠΎΠ½ΠΈΠΌΠ°Ρ… IlinΕΎ/jΓ€rv (-nΕΎV < прасаам. *-Ε„Δ‡e), Ylini/jΓ€rvi (ΠΏΡ€ΠΈΠ±.-Ρ„ΠΈΠ½. -ini), Yliz/jΓ€rvi (ΠΏΡ€ΠΈΠ±.-Ρ„ΠΈΠ½. -ize-). Π’Π°ΠΊ Π½Π°Π·Ρ‹Π²Π°Π΅ΠΌΡ‹ΠΉ супСрлативный суффикс, восходящий ΠΊ праязыковому ΠΏΠΎΠΊΠ°Π·Π°Ρ‚Π΅Π»ΡŽ прСвосходной стСпСни *-maΞ·Δ‡e/*-mÀηće ΠΈ Π΅Π³ΠΎ саамским ΠΈ прибалтийско-финским модификациям, отразился Π² Π»ΠΈΠΌΠ½ΠΎΠ½ΠΈΠΌΠ°Ρ… Π˜Π»ΡŒΠΌΠΎΠ·Π΅Ρ€ΠΎ, ИлСмСнза, ИльмаТ, ИльмСза, Π­Π»ΠΈΠΌΠΎΠ·Π΅Ρ€ΠΎ, Π­Π»ΡŒΠΌΡƒΡ, YlimΓ€ine, YlimΓ€is/jΓ€rvi ΠΈ Π΄Ρ€. Π½Π° Ρ‚Π΅Ρ€Ρ€ΠΈΡ‚ΠΎΡ€ΠΈΠΈ ΠšΠ°Ρ€Π΅Π»ΠΈΠΈ ΠΈ смСТных областСй. Π’ этом ряду прСдлагаСтся Ρ€Π°ΡΡΠΌΠ°Ρ‚Ρ€ΠΈΠ²Π°Ρ‚ΡŒ ΠΈ истоки новгородского Ρ‚ΠΎΠΏΠΎΠ½ΠΈΠΌΠ° ИльмСнь. ΠŸΡ€Π΅Π΄ΠΏΡ€ΠΈΠ½ΡΡ‚Π° ΠΏΠΎΠΏΡ‹Ρ‚ΠΊΠ° ввСсти выявлСнныС Β«Π²Π΅Ρ€Ρ…Π½ΠΈΠ΅Β» топоосновы Π² ряд Π΄Ρ€ΡƒΠ³ΠΈΡ… ΠΎΠ±Ρ€Π°Π·ΠΎΠ²Π°Π½ΠΈΠΉ ΠΎΡ‚ основ с пространствСнной сСмантикой, ΠΎΡ„ΠΎΡ€ΠΌΠ»Π΅Π½Π½Ρ‹Ρ… Π°Π½Π°Π»ΠΎΠ³ΠΈΡ‡Π½Ρ‹ΠΌΠΈ Ρ„ΠΎΡ€ΠΌΠ°Π½Ρ‚Π°ΠΌΠΈ (Π½Π°ΠΏΡ€ΠΈΠΌΠ΅Ρ€, ΠΎΠ·. ΠŸΠ΅Π»ΠΎΠ½Ρ‡, ΠŸΠΈΠ»ΡŒΠΌΠ°ΡΠΎΠ·Π΅Ρ€ΠΎ, ΠšΡƒΠΊΠΈΠΌΠ°ΡΠΎΠ·Π΅Ρ€ΠΎ, Tarazmane), которая ΠΏΡ€ΠΈΠ·Π²Π°Π½Π° ΠΏΠΎΠ΄Π΄Π΅Ρ€ΠΆΠ°Ρ‚ΡŒ ΠΏΡ€ΠΎΠ²Π΅Π΄Π΅Π½Π½Ρ‹Π΅ Π²Ρ‹ΡˆΠ΅ Β«Π²Π΅Ρ€Ρ…Π½ΠΈΠ΅Β» рСконструкции. ВыявлСна Ρ‚Π°ΠΊΠΆΠ΅ опрСдСлСнная Π°Ρ€Π΅Π°Π»ΡŒΠ½Π°Ρ дистрибуция ΠΌΠΎΠ΄Π΅Π»Π΅ΠΉ, ΠΎΡ‡Π΅Π²ΠΈΠ΄Π½ΠΎ, ΠΌΠ°Ρ€ΠΊΠΈΡ€ΡƒΡŽΡ‰ΠΈΡ… Ρ€Π°Π·Π½Ρ‹Π΅ этноязыковыС ΠΊΠΎΠ»Π»Π΅ΠΊΡ‚ΠΈΠ²Ρ‹. МодСль El’muz ~ Elimys, извСстная Π½Π° Ρ‚Π΅Ρ€Ρ€ΠΈΡ‚ΠΎΡ€ΠΈΠΈ Π¦Π΅Π½Ρ‚Ρ€Π°Π»ΡŒΠ½ΠΎΠΉ ΠšΠ°Ρ€Π΅Π»ΠΈΠΈ ΠΈ Π² ΠΏΡ€ΠΈΠΌΡ‹ΠΊΠ°ΡŽΡ‰ΠΈΡ… с Π·Π°ΠΏΠ°Π΄Π° Ρ€Π°ΠΉΠΎΠ½Π°Ρ… Восточной Ѐинляндии, ΠΎΡ‚Ρ€Π°ΠΆΠ°Π΅Ρ‚ позднСпрасаамскоС языковоС состояниС. Π’ свою ΠΎΡ‡Π΅Ρ€Π΅Π΄ΡŒ, модСль ИлСкса, исходя ΠΈΠ· Π΅Π΅ ΠΏΠ»ΠΎΡ‚Π½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ Π°Ρ€Π΅Π°Π»Π° ΠΌΠ΅ΠΆΠ΄Ρƒ ΠΎΠ·Π΅Ρ€Π°ΠΌΠΈ Π›Π°Ρ‡Π΅, Π’ΠΎΠΆΠ΅, Π‘Π΅Π»ΠΎΠ΅ ΠΈ ОнСТскоС, Π° Ρ‚Π°ΠΊΠΆΠ΅ фонСтичСского ΠΎΠ±Π»ΠΈΠΊΠ°, ΠΌΠΎΠΆΠ΅Ρ‚ Π±Ρ‹Ρ‚ΡŒ наслСдиСм Π±ΠΎΠ»Π΅Π΅ Ρ€Π°Π½Π½Π΅Π³ΠΎ языкового состояния, Ρ…Π°Ρ€Π°ΠΊΡ‚Π΅Ρ€ΠΈΠ·ΠΎΠ²Π°Π²ΡˆΠ΅Π³ΠΎ носитСлСй ΠΏΠΎΠ·Π΄Π½Π΅ΠΊΠ°Ρ€Π³ΠΎΠΏΠΎΠ»ΡŒΡΠΊΠΎΠΉ архСологичСской ΠΊΡƒΠ»ΡŒΡ‚ΡƒΡ€Ρ‹. АрСал послСднСй довольно Ρ‚ΠΎΡ‡Π½ΠΎ повторяСт очСртания Ρ‚ΠΎΠΏΠΎΠ½ΠΈΠΌΠ½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ Π°Ρ€Π΅Π°Π»Π° ИлСкса, Π° Ρ‚Π°ΠΊΠΆΠ΅ ряда Π΄Ρ€ΡƒΠ³ΠΈΡ…, ΠΈΠΌΠ΅ΡŽΡ‰ΠΈΡ… ΠΎΠ±Ρ‰ΠΈΠ΅ прибалтийско-финско-саамскиС, Π° Π² Π½Π΅ΠΊΠΎΡ‚ΠΎΡ€Ρ‹Ρ… случаях ΠΈ Π΄Ρ€Π΅Π²Π½ΠΈΠ΅ Π·Π°ΠΏΠ°Π΄Π½ΠΎΡƒΡ€Π°Π»ΡŒΡΠΊΠΈΠ΅ истоки.This work was performed with fi nancial support from the Federal budget, within the framework of the targeted research program carried out by the Institute of Language, Literature and History of the KarRC RAS (project АААА-А18-118012490344-5 β€œFinnic Languages of the Northwest of the Russian Federation: Linguistic Research in the Sociocultural Context”).ЀинансовоС обСспСчСниС исслСдований осущСствляСтся ΠΈΠ· срСдств Ρ„Π΅Π΄Π΅Ρ€Π°Π»ΡŒΠ½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ Π±ΡŽΠ΄ΠΆΠ΅Ρ‚Π° Π½Π° Π²Ρ‹ΠΏΠΎΠ»Π½Π΅Π½ΠΈΠ΅ государствСнного задания ΠšΠ°Ρ€ΠΠ¦ РАН (β„– АААА-А18-118012490344-5 Β«ΠŸΡ€ΠΈΠ±Π°Π»Ρ‚ΠΈΠΉΡΠΊΠΎ-финскиС языки Π‘Π΅Π²Π΅Ρ€ΠΎ-Π—Π°ΠΏΠ°Π΄Π° Российской Π€Π΅Π΄Π΅Ρ€Π°Ρ†ΠΈΠΈ: лингвистичСскиС исслСдования Π² ΡΠΎΡ†ΠΈΠΎΠΊΡƒΠ»ΡŒΡ‚ΡƒΡ€Π½ΠΎΠΌ контСкстС»)

    The Riddle of Vyga

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    In her investigation of etymological origins of the name of the river Vyg, flowing into the White Sea, the author arrives at a conclusion that the name ( Lapp. North. viekkΓ’, East. vΔ«gg, vikk β€˜power, big and strong’.ИсслСдованиС Π²Ρ‹ΠΏΠΎΠ»Π½Π΅Π½ΠΎ Π² Ρ€Π°ΠΌΠΊΠ°Ρ… ΠΏΡ€ΠΎΠ΅ΠΊΡ‚Π° АкадСмии Π½Π°ΡƒΠΊ Ѐинляндии β„– SA 208153

    From Chud to Merya [Review of: Rahkonen, P. (2013). South-Eastern Contact Area of Finnic Languages in the Light of Onomastics. JyvΓ€skylΓ€: Bookwell Oy]

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    The article reviews the work by Pauli Rahkonen devoted to the research of substrate Finno-Ugric hydronymy of the Upper Volga region and adjacent territories where there lived Merya, Muroma, Meshchera and Chud β€” peoples mentioned in old manuscripts. The author emphasizes the contemporary level of the work using a wide range of methods reflecting the experience of both Russian and Finnish schools of onomastics and based upon extensive and mostly reliable data. The work provides a number of new trustworthy etymologies with solid historical phonetic argumentation. The author also gives a positive appraisal of the method based upon the distribution of typical toponymic stems of the Old Mordvinian, Merya, Murom and Meshchera types with meanings β€˜upper’ β€” β€˜lower’, β€˜big’ β€” β€˜small’, β€˜black’ β€” β€˜white’ which were reconstructed based on the established phonetic correlations and the connections of those stems to the corresponding ethnical areas, traced according to manuscripts. P. Rahkonen’s analysis leads to generally reliable conclusions, testifying, among others, to a more Western, in comparison with the contemporary, area of the Old Mordvinians’ settlement as well as to close relations between the M erya and Muromian languages having more connections with the Balto-Fenno-Sami linguistic community than with the M ari one. The author pays close attention to the conclusion about Permic (not Volga) origin of M eshchera confirmed by the Permic phonetic form of typical toponymic stems and by related archaeological data. The author recognizes that, with reference to old hydronyms, P. Rahkonen could reconstruct a chain of languages and dialects linking Balto-Fennic and Volga groups of the Western Uralic languages. However, the author regrets to notice that the abovementioned chain does not include the V es of Belozerye which had, as to toponymy, non-Balto-Fennic origin. The review also debates some statements related to the non-Balto-Fennic attribution of C hud as well as to the isolation of some hydronymic formants (-bol, -ra) and their etymologization, and offers alternative etymologies of some stems (e. g., Sond-).Π’ ΠΏΡƒΠ±Π»ΠΈΠΊΠ°Ρ†ΠΈΠΈ анализируСтся Ρ€Π°Π±ΠΎΡ‚Π° финляндского топонимиста ΠŸΠ°ΡƒΠ»ΠΈ Π Π°Ρ…ΠΊΠΎΠ½Π΅Π½Π°, посвящСнная исслСдованию субстратной Ρ„ΠΈΠ½Π½ΠΎ-угорской Π³ΠΈΠ΄Ρ€ΠΎΠ½ΠΈΠΌΠΈΠΈ Π’Π΅Ρ€Ρ…Π½Π΅Π²ΠΎΠ»ΠΆΡŒΡ ΠΈ ΠΏΡ€ΠΈΠΌΡ‹ΠΊΠ°ΡŽΡ‰ΠΈΡ… ΠΊ Π½Π΅ΠΌΡƒ Ρ‚Π΅Ρ€Ρ€ΠΈΡ‚ΠΎΡ€ΠΈΠΉ, Π½Π° ΠΊΠΎΡ‚ΠΎΡ€Ρ‹Ρ… ΠΏΡ€ΠΎΠΆΠΈΠ²Π°Π»ΠΈ лСтописныС мСря, ΠΌΡƒΡ€ΠΎΠΌΠ°, ΠΌΠ΅Ρ‰Π΅Ρ€Π° ΠΈ Ρ‡ΡƒΠ΄ΡŒ. ΠžΡ‚ΠΌΠ΅Ρ‡Π°Π΅Ρ‚ΡΡ соврСмСнный ΡƒΡ€ΠΎΠ²Π΅Π½ΡŒ исслСдования, ΠΎΠΏΠΈΡ€Π°ΡŽΡ‰Π΅Π³ΠΎΡΡ Π½Π° ΡˆΠΈΡ€ΠΎΠΊΠΈΠΉ спСктр мСтодичСских ΠΏΡ€ΠΈΠ΅ΠΌΠΎΠ², ΠΎΠΏΡ‹Ρ‚ ΠΊΠ°ΠΊ российской, Ρ‚Π°ΠΊ ΠΈ финляндской ономастичСской ΡˆΠΊΠΎΠ»Ρ‹, ΠΎΠ±ΡˆΠΈΡ€Π½Ρ‹ΠΉ ΠΈ Π² Ρ†Π΅Π»ΠΎΠΌ достовСрный ономастичСский ΠΌΠ°Ρ‚Π΅Ρ€ΠΈΠ°Π». Π’ Ρ€Π°Π±ΠΎΡ‚Π΅ ΠΏΡ€Π΅Π΄Π»ΠΎΠΆΠ΅Π½ Ρ†Π΅Π»Ρ‹ΠΉ ряд Π½ΠΎΠ²Ρ‹Ρ… достовСрных этимологий, ΠΏΡ€ΠΈ этом сильной стороной исслСдования являСтся ΠΈΡ… историко-фонСтичСскоС обоснованиС. ΠŸΠΎΠ»ΠΎΠΆΠΈΡ‚Π΅Π»ΡŒΠ½ΠΎ оцСниваСтся прСдлоТСнная Π² Ρ€Π°Π±ΠΎΡ‚Π΅ ΠΌΠ΅Ρ‚ΠΎΠ΄ΠΈΠΊΠ°, основанная Π½Π° дистрибуции Ρ‚ΠΈΠΏΠΎΠ²Ρ‹Ρ… топооснов дрСвнСмордовского, мСрянского, муромского ΠΈ мСщСрского Ρ‚ΠΈΠΏΠΎΠ² с сСмантикой β€˜Π²Π΅Ρ€Ρ…Π½ΠΈΠΉβ€™ β€” β€˜Π½ΠΈΠΆΠ½ΠΈΠΉβ€™, β€˜Π±ΠΎΠ»ΡŒΡˆΠΎΠΉβ€™ β€” β€˜ΠΌΠ°Π»Π΅Π½ΡŒΠΊΠΈΠΉβ€™, β€˜Ρ‡Π΅Ρ€Π½Ρ‹ΠΉβ€™ β€” β€˜Π±Π΅Π»Ρ‹ΠΉβ€™, рСконструированных Π½Π° основС установлСнных фонСтичСских соотвСтствий ΠΈ привязки топооснов ΠΊ ΡΠΎΠΎΡ‚Π²Π΅Ρ‚ΡΡ‚Π²ΡƒΡŽΡ‰ΠΈΠΌ лСтописным этничСским Π°Ρ€Π΅Π°Π»Π°ΠΌ. Анализ ΠΏΡ€ΠΈΠ²ΠΎΠ΄ΠΈΡ‚ ΠΊ Π² Ρ†Π΅Π»ΠΎΠΌ достовСрным ΠΈ пСрспСктивным Ρ€Π΅Π·ΡƒΠ»ΡŒΡ‚Π°Ρ‚Π°ΠΌ, ΡƒΠΊΠ°Π·Ρ‹Π²Π°ΡŽΡ‰ΠΈΠΌ, Π² частности, Π½Π° Π±ΠΎΠ»Π΅Π΅ Π·Π°ΠΏΠ°Π΄Π½Ρ‹ΠΉ Π² сравнСнии с соврСмСнным Π°Ρ€Π΅Π°Π» дрСвнСмордовского рассСлСния, близкородствСнныС связи мСрянского ΠΈ муромского языков ΠΈ ΠΏΡ€ΠΈ этом Π±Π»ΠΈΠ·ΠΎΡΡ‚ΡŒ ΠΈΡ… Π½Π΅ ΡΡ‚ΠΎΠ»ΡŒΠΊΠΎ марийскому, сколько прибалтийско-финско-саамскому языковому ΠΌΠΈΡ€Ρƒ. ΠžΡ‚Π΄Π΅Π»ΡŒΠ½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ внимания заслуТиваСт Π²Ρ‹Π²ΠΎΠ΄ ΠΎ пСрмских (Π½Π΅ волТских) истоках ΠΌΠ΅Ρ‰Π΅Ρ€Ρ‹, ΠΏΠΎΠ΄Ρ‚Π²Π΅Ρ€ΠΆΠ΄Π°Π΅ΠΌΡ‹ΠΉ пСрмским фонСтичСским ΠΎΠ±Π»ΠΈΠΊΠΎΠΌ Ρ‚ΠΈΠΏΠΎΠ²Ρ‹Ρ… топооснов ΠΈ соотносящийся с архСологичСскими ΡΠ²ΠΈΠ΄Π΅Ρ‚Π΅Π»ΡŒΡΡ‚Π²Π°ΠΌΠΈ. На ΠΌΠ°Ρ‚Π΅Ρ€ΠΈΠ°Π»Π΅ Π΄Ρ€Π΅Π²Π½ΠΈΡ… Π³ΠΈΠ΄Ρ€ΠΎΠ½ΠΈΠΌΠΎΠ² Π°Π²Ρ‚ΠΎΡ€Ρƒ ΡƒΠ΄Π°Π»ΠΎΡΡŒ Ρ€Π΅ΠΊΠΎΠ½ΡΡ‚Ρ€ΡƒΠΈΡ€ΠΎΠ²Π°Ρ‚ΡŒ Ρ†Π΅ΠΏΠΎΡ‡ΠΊΡƒ языков ΠΈ Π΄ΠΈΠ°Π»Π΅ΠΊΡ‚ΠΎΠ², ΡΠ²ΡΠ·Ρ‹Π²Π°ΡŽΡ‰ΠΈΡ… ΠΌΠ΅ΠΆΠ΄Ρƒ собой прибалтийско-Ρ„ΠΈΠ½ΡΠΊΡƒΡŽ ΠΈ ΠΏΠΎΠ²ΠΎΠ»ΠΆΡΠΊΡƒΡŽ Ρ‡Π°ΡΡ‚ΡŒ Π·Π°ΠΏΠ°Π΄Π½Ρ‹Ρ… ΡƒΡ€Π°Π»ΡŒΡΠΊΠΈΡ… языков. ΠžΠ΄Π½ΠΎΠ²Ρ€Π΅ΠΌΠ΅Π½Π½ΠΎ с соТалСниСм отмСчаСтся, Ρ‡Ρ‚ΠΎ ΠΈΠ· этой Ρ†Π΅ΠΏΠΎΡ‡ΠΊΠΈ Π²Ρ‹ΠΏΠ°Π»Π° бСлозСрская вСсь, имСвшая, судя ΠΏΠΎ Ρ‚ΠΎΠΏΠΎΠ½ΠΈΠΌΠΈΠΈ Π‘Π΅Π»ΠΎΠ·Π΅Ρ€ΡŒΡ, нСприбалтийско-финскиС истоки. Π’ Ρ€Π΅Ρ†Π΅Π½Π·ΠΈΠΈ Ρ‚Π°ΠΊΠΆΠ΅ Π΄ΠΈΡΠΊΡƒΡ‚ΠΈΡ€ΡƒΡŽΡ‚ΡΡ Π½Π΅ΠΊΠΎΡ‚ΠΎΡ€Ρ‹Π΅ полоТСния, связанныС с нСприбалтийско-финской Π°Ρ‚Ρ€ΠΈΠ±ΡƒΡ†ΠΈΠ΅ΠΉ Ρ‡ΡƒΠ΄ΠΈ, Π²Ρ‹Π΄Π΅Π»Π΅Π½ΠΈΠ΅ΠΌ ряда Π³ΠΈΠ΄Ρ€ΠΎΡ„ΠΎΡ€ΠΌΠ°Π½Ρ‚ΠΎΠ² ΠΈ ΠΈΡ… истоками (-Π±ΠΎΠ», -Ρ€Π°). ΠŸΡ€Π΅Π΄Π»Π°Π³Π°ΡŽΡ‚ΡΡ Π΄Ρ€ΡƒΠ³ΠΈΠ΅ этимологии ΠΎΡ‚Π΄Π΅Π»ΡŒΠ½Ρ‹Ρ… топооснов (Π½Π°ΠΏΡ€ΠΈΠΌΠ΅Ρ€, Π‘ΠΎΠ½Π΄-).This work was supported by the Program of S trategic Development of Petrozavodsk State University (project β€œFennica”).РСцСнзия ΠΏΠΎΠ΄Π³ΠΎΡ‚ΠΎΠ²Π»Π΅Π½Π° Π² Ρ€Π°ΠΌΠΊΠ°Ρ… ΠΏΡ€ΠΎΠ΅ΠΊΡ‚Π° Β«FennicaΒ» ΠŸΡ€ΠΎΠ³Ρ€Π°ΠΌΠΌΡ‹ стратСгичСского развития ΠŸΠ΅Ρ‚Ρ€Π“Π£
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