18 research outputs found
Dynamics of Development of Oikonymic System in Northern Lyudik Language Area
Some aspects of the formation of the oikonymic system of the local territory during the second half of the II millennium, which is caused, on the one hand, by the development of the settlement structure, and on the other, by the laws of toponymic nomination are discussed in the article. The material for analysis was information from historical documents (cadastres, census lists, lists of populated areas) of the 16th - early 20th centuries, as well as the results of field gatherings in the territory of the northwestern Onega inhabited by Karelian people. It is proved that the system of oikonyms includes elements dating back to different chronological periods. At the same time, oikonymic models are identified that mark individual stages in the development of the system. Particular attention is paid to the existence of oikonyms on two levels: official (written) and unofficial (oral). Of these, the former was more conservative, and the latter was more responsive to changes in circumstances related to the life of the settlement, change of ownership of the courtyard, etc. It was revealed that the widespread adoption and consolidation in the official practice of popular names occurred in the middle of the XIX century. The relevance of the study lies in a number of new etymological interpretations of oikonyms, for which historical sources are used, which made it possible to build chains of successively changing variants of the name. As a result, some Karelian folk forms of Orthodox names were reconstructed, and the list of non-calendar Karelian anthroponyms was expanded
Russian Dialects as a Resource for FinniΡ Historical Lexicology
ΠΠΎΡΡΡΠΏΠΈΠ»Π° Π² ΡΠ΅Π΄Π°ΠΊΡΠΈΡ: 27.05.2021. ΠΡΠΈΠ½ΡΡΠ° ΠΊ ΠΏΠ΅ΡΠ°ΡΠΈ: 07.07.2021.Submitted: 27.05.2021. Accepted: 07.07.2021.Π ΡΡΠ°ΡΡΠ΅ ΠΏΡΠ΅Π΄Π»ΠΎΠΆΠ΅Π½Π° ΡΠ΅ΠΊΠΎΠ½ΡΡΡΡΠΊΡΠΈΡ ΡΡΠ΄Π° Π²Π΅ΠΏΡΡΠΊΠΈΡ
ΠΈ ΠΊΠ°ΡΠ΅Π»ΡΡΠΊΠΈΡ
Π»ΡΠ΄ΠΈΠΊΠΎΠ²ΡΠΊΠΈΡ
ΠΏΡΠΎΠΈΠ·Π²ΠΎΠ΄Π½ΡΡ
Π»Π΅ΠΊΡΠ΅ΠΌ, ΠΌΠ°ΡΠ΅ΡΠΈΠ°Π»ΠΎΠΌ Π΄Π»Ρ ΠΊΠΎΡΠΎΡΠΎΠΉ ΠΏΠΎΡΠ»ΡΠΆΠΈΠ»Π° Π΄ΠΈΠ°Π»Π΅ΠΊΡΠ½Π°Ρ Π»Π΅ΠΊΡΠΈΠΊΠ° ΡΡΡΡΠΊΠΈΡ
Π³ΠΎΠ²ΠΎΡΠΎΠ² ΠΠ±ΠΎΠ½Π΅ΠΆΡΡ. Π£ΡΡΠ°ΡΠ΅Π½Π½ΡΠ΅ ΠΈΠ· Π½Π°Π·Π²Π°Π½Π½ΡΡ
ΠΏΡΠΈΠ±Π°Π»ΡΠΈΠΉΡΠΊΠΎ-ΡΠΈΠ½ΡΠΊΠΈΡ
ΡΠ·ΡΠΊΠΎΠ² Π² ΡΠΈΠ»Ρ ΠΎΠ±ΡΡΡΠ΅Π½ΠΈΡ Π½Π°ΡΠ΅Π»Π΅Π½ΠΈΡ, ΠΏΡΠΎΠΆΠΈΠ²Π°Π²ΡΠ΅Π³ΠΎ Π²Π΄ΠΎΠ»Ρ ΡΡΠ°Π½Π·ΠΈΡΠ½ΡΡ
Π²ΠΎΠ΄Π½ΠΎ-Π²ΠΎΠ»ΠΎΠΊΠΎΠ²ΡΡ
ΠΏΡΡΠ΅ΠΉ, ΠΈΡΠΏΠΎΠ»ΡΠ·ΠΎΠ²Π°Π²ΡΠΈΡ
ΡΡ Π΄Π»Ρ ΠΎΡΠ²ΠΎΠ΅Π½ΠΈΡ ΠΠ±ΠΎΠ½Π΅ΠΆΡΡ ΡΠΆΠ΅ Π½Π°ΡΠΈΠ½Π°Ρ Ρ Π²ΡΠ΅ΠΌΠ΅Π½ ΠΠ΅Π»ΠΈΠΊΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ΠΠΎΠ²Π³ΠΎΡΠΎΠ΄Π°, ΠΎΠ½ΠΈ ΡΠΎΡ
ΡΠ°Π½ΠΈΠ»ΠΈΡΡ Π² ΠΊΠ°ΡΠ΅ΡΡΠ²Π΅ ΡΡΠ±ΡΡΡΠ°ΡΠ½ΡΡ
ΠΈΠ»ΠΈ Π·Π°ΠΈΠΌΡΡΠ²ΠΎΠ²Π°Π½Π½ΡΡ
Π² ΡΠ΅ΡΡΠΈΡΠΎΡΠΈΠ°Π»ΡΠ½ΠΎ ΡΠΌΠ΅ΠΆΠ½ΡΡ
ΡΡΡΡΠΊΠΈΡ
Π³ΠΎΠ²ΠΎΡΠ°Ρ
. ΠΠ΅ΠΏΡΡΠΊΠΈΠ΅ ΠΈ ΠΊΠ°ΡΠ΅Π»ΡΡΠΊΠΈΠ΅ ΡΠ·ΡΠΊΠΎΠ²ΡΠ΅ Π΄Π°Π½Π½ΡΠ΅ ΡΡΠ°Π΄ΠΈΡΠΈΠΎΠ½Π½ΠΎ ΠΈΡΠΏΠΎΠ»ΡΠ·ΡΡΡΡΡ Π΄Π»Ρ ΡΡΠΈΠΌΠΎΠ»ΠΎΠ³ΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠΎΠΉ ΠΈΠ½ΡΠ΅ΡΠΏΡΠ΅ΡΠ°ΡΠΈΠΈ ΡΡΡΡΠΊΠΎΠΉ Π΄ΠΈΠ°Π»Π΅ΠΊΡΠ½ΠΎΠΉ Π»Π΅ΠΊΡΠΈΠΊΠΈ. ΠΠ±ΡΠ°ΡΠ½ΡΠΉ ΠΆΠ΅ ΠΏΠΎΠ΄Ρ
ΠΎΠ΄ β ΠΏΡΠΈΠ²Π»Π΅ΡΠ΅Π½ΠΈΠ΅ ΡΡΡΡΠΊΠΈΡ
Π΄ΠΈΠ°Π»Π΅ΠΊΡΠΎΠ² ΠΊΠ°ΠΊ ΡΠ΅ΡΡΡΡΠ° Π΄Π»Ρ ΠΏΡΠΈΠ±Π°Π»ΡΠΈΠΉΡΠΊΠΎ-ΡΠΈΠ½ΡΠΊΠΈΡ
ΡΡΠΈΠΌΠΎΠ»ΠΎΠ³ΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠΈΡ
ΠΈΡΡΠ»Π΅Π΄ΠΎΠ²Π°Π½ΠΈΠΉ β Π½Π΅ ΠΏΠΎΠ»ΡΡΠΈΠ» ΡΠΈΡΠΎΠΊΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ΠΏΡΠΈΠΌΠ΅Π½Π΅Π½ΠΈΡ. ΠΡΠΈ ΡΠ΅ΠΊΠΎΠ½ΡΡΡΡΠΊΡΠΈΠΈ Π²Π°ΠΆΠ΅Π½ ΡΡΠ΅Ρ ΡΠ°ΠΊΠΈΡ
ΠΏΠ°ΡΠ°ΠΌΠ΅ΡΡΠΎΠ², ΠΊΠ°ΠΊ Π°ΡΠ΅Π°Π» ΡΡΡΡΠΊΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ΡΠ»ΠΎΠ²Π°, Π½Π°ΡΠ΅Π»ΠΈΠ²Π°ΡΡΠΈΠΉ Π½Π° Π²ΠΏΠΎΠ»Π½Π΅ ΠΎΠΏΡΠ΅Π΄Π΅Π»Π΅Π½Π½ΡΠΉ ΠΏΡΠΈΠ±Π°Π»ΡΠΈΠΉΡΠΊΠΎ-ΡΠΈΠ½ΡΠΊΠΈΠΉ ΡΠ·ΡΠΊ-ΡΡΠΈΠΌΠΎΠ½; Π·Π°ΠΊΠΎΠ½ΠΎΠΌΠ΅ΡΠ½ΠΎΡΡΠΈ ΡΠΎΠ½Π΅ΡΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠΎΠΉ ΡΡΠ±ΡΡΠΈΡΡΡΠΈΠΈ ΠΈ Π°Π΄Π°ΠΏΡΠ°ΡΠΈΠΈ ΡΠΏΠ΅ΡΠΈΡΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠΈΡ
ΠΏΡΠΈΠ±Π°Π»ΡΠΈΠΉΡΠΊΠΎ-ΡΠΈΠ½ΡΠΊΠΈΡ
Π·Π²ΡΠΊΠΎΠ² ΠΈ Π·Π²ΡΠΊΠΎΡΠΎΡΠ΅ΡΠ°Π½ΠΈΠΉ Π² ΡΡΡΡΠΊΠΈΠ΅ Π³ΠΎΠ²ΠΎΡΡ; Π±ΡΡΠΎΠ²Π°Π½ΠΈΠ΅ ΡΠ»ΠΎΠ²Π° ΠΈ Π΅Π³ΠΎ ΡΠ΅ΠΌΠ°Π½ΡΠΈΠΊΠ° Π² ΡΠΎΠ΄ΡΡΠ²Π΅Π½Π½ΡΡ
ΡΠ·ΡΠΊΠ°Ρ
. ΠΠΎΠΏΠΎΠ»Π½ΠΈΡΠ΅Π»ΡΠ½ΡΠ΅ Π²ΠΎΠ·ΠΌΠΎΠΆΠ½ΠΎΡΡΠΈ ΠΏΡΠ΅Π΄ΠΎΡΡΠ°Π²Π»ΡΠ΅Ρ ΠΏΡΠΈΠ²Π»Π΅ΡΠ΅Π½ΠΈΠ΅ ΡΠΎΠΏΠΎΠ½ΠΈΠΌΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠΈΡ
Π΄Π°Π½Π½ΡΡ
β Π² ΡΠΈΠ»Ρ ΠΌΠ°ΡΡΠΎΠ²ΠΎΡΡΠΈ ΠΈ Ρ
ΠΎΡΠΎΡΠ΅ΠΉ ΡΠΎΡ
ΡΠ°Π½Π½ΠΎΡΡΠΈ ΡΠΎΠΏΠΎΠ½ΠΈΠΌΠΎΠ². Π ΡΡΠ°ΡΡΠ΅ ΡΠ΅ΠΊΠΎΠ½ΡΡΡΡΠΈΡΠΎΠ²Π°Π½ΠΎ Π½Π΅ΡΠΊΠΎΠ»ΡΠΊΠΎ Π²Π΅ΠΏΡΡΠΊΠΈΡ
ΠΈ Π»ΡΠ΄ΠΈΠΊΠΎΠ²ΡΠΊΠΈΡ
ΠΏΡΠΎΠΈΠ·Π²ΠΎΠ΄Π½ΡΡ
Π»Π΅ΠΊΡΠ΅ΠΌ, Π½Π΅ Π·Π°ΡΠΈΠΊΡΠΈΡΠΎΠ²Π°Π½Π½ΡΡ
Π² ΡΠ»ΠΎΠ²Π°ΡΡΡ
ΠΈ Π΄ΡΡΠ³ΠΈΡ
ΠΈΡΡΠΎΡΠ½ΠΈΠΊΠ°Ρ
. Π‘ΡΠ΅Π΄ΠΈ Π½ΠΈΡ
Π»Π΅ΠΊΡΠ΅ΠΌΡ Ρ ΡΡΡΡΠΈΠΊΡΠ°ΠΌΠΈ -(e)k ΠΈ -(e)h (*katek βΡΠΎΠ½ΠΊΠΈΠΉ Π»Π΅Π΄β, *torek βΡΡΠΌ, ΡΡΠ΅ΡΠΊ, Π³ΡΠΎΡ
ΠΎΡβ, *Δapek βΠ·Π°ΡΠΎΡΡΠ°Ρ ΠΏΠΎΠ΄ΡΠ΅ΠΊΠ°β, rΓ€beh βΡΡΡΠΎΠ΅ Π½ΠΈΠ·ΠΊΠΎΠ΅ ΠΌΠ΅ΡΡΠΎ Π² Π»Π΅ΡΡβ), Π²Π΅ΠΏΡΡΠΊΠΎΠ΅ ΠΎΡΠ³Π»Π°Π³ΠΎΠ»ΡΠ½ΠΎΠ΅ ΠΈΠΌΡ *kΓΌtm < *kΓΌtkim βΠΏΡΠΈΠ²ΡΠ·Ρ Π΄Π»Ρ ΡΠΎΠ³Π°ΡΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ΡΠΊΠΎΡΠ°β Ρ ΡΡΡΡΠΈΠΊΡΠΎΠΌ -im, Π»ΡΠ΄ΠΈΠΊΠΎΠ²ΡΠΊΠΈΠΉ ΡΠ΅ΡΠΌΠΈΠ½ *hΓΆrpΓ€k βΠΊΠΎΠ» Ρ ΡΡΡΡΡΠΌΠΈ Π΄Π»Ρ ΡΡΡΠΊΠΈ ΡΠ΅Π½Π°β Ρ ΡΡΡΡΠΈΠΊΡΠΎΠΌ -Γ€k ΠΈ Π²Π΅ΠΏΡΡΠΊΠΈΠΉ Π»Π°Π½Π΄ΡΠ°ΡΡΠ½ΡΠΉ ΡΠ΅ΡΠΌΠΈΠ½ *pugend ~ *pugond βΠ±ΡΡΡΡΠΈΠ½Π° Ρ ΡΠ·ΠΊΠΈΠΌ ΡΡΡΠ»ΠΎΠΌ Π½Π° ΡΠ΅ΠΊΠ΅β, Π² ΠΊΠΎΡΠΎΡΠΎΠΌ Π²ΠΎΠΏΠ»ΠΎΡΠΈΠ»ΡΡ ΡΡΡΡΠΈΠΊΡ -nd (< -nto). ΠΡΡΠΎΡΠ½ΠΈΠΊΠΎΠΌ ΡΡΡΡΠΊΠΈΡ
Π΄ΠΈΠ°Π»Π΅ΠΊΡΠ½ΡΡ
Π΄Π°Π½Π½ΡΡ
ΠΏΠΎΡΠ»ΡΠΆΠΈΠ»ΠΎ ΠΌΠΎΠ½ΡΠΌΠ΅Π½ΡΠ°Π»ΡΠ½ΠΎΠ΅ ΠΈΠ·Π΄Π°Π½ΠΈΠ΅ β Β«Π ΡΡΡΠΊΠΈΠΉ Π΄ΠΈΠ°Π»Π΅ΠΊΡΠ½ΡΠΉ ΡΡΠΈΠΌΠΎΠ»ΠΎΠ³ΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠΈΠΉ ΡΠ»ΠΎΠ²Π°ΡΡ. ΠΠ΅ΠΊΡΠΈΠΊΠ° ΠΊΠΎΠ½ΡΠ°ΠΊΡΠ½ΡΡ
ΡΠ΅Π³ΠΈΠΎΠ½ΠΎΠ²Β», ΠΏΠΎΠ΄Π³ΠΎΡΠΎΠ²Π»Π΅Π½Π½ΡΠΉ Π‘. Π. ΠΡΠ·Π½ΠΈΠΊΠΎΠ²ΡΠΌ (2019). Π Π½Π΅ΠΌ ΠΏΡΠΎΠ²Π΅Π΄Π΅Π½Π° Π±ΠΎΠ»ΡΡΠ°Ρ ΡΠ°Π±ΠΎΡΠ° ΠΏΠΎ ΠΏΠΎΠΈΡΠΊΡ ΠΏΡΠΈΠ±Π°Π»ΡΠΈΠΉΡΠΊΠΎ-ΡΠΈΠ½ΡΠΊΠΈΡ
ΠΊΠΎΡΠ½Π΅ΠΉ Π΄Π»Ρ ΡΡΡΡΠΊΠΈΡ
Π»Π΅ΠΊΡΠ΅ΠΌ. ΠΠΎΠ½ΡΡΠ½ΠΎ, ΡΡΠΎ Ρ Π°Π²ΡΠΎΡΠ° ΡΠ»ΠΎΠ²Π°ΡΡ Π²ΠΎΠ·Π½ΠΈΠΊΠ°Π»ΠΈ Π΅ΡΡΠ΅ΡΡΠ²Π΅Π½Π½ΡΠ΅ ΡΠ»ΠΎΠΆΠ½ΠΎΡΡΠΈ Π² Π°ΡΡΠΈΠ±ΡΡΠΈΠΈ ΡΡΡΡΠΊΠΈΡ
Π΄ΠΈΠ°Π»Π΅ΠΊΡΠ½ΡΡ
Π»Π΅ΠΊΡΠ΅ΠΌ, Π΄Π»Ρ ΠΊΠΎΡΠΎΡΡΡ
Π½Π΅ ΡΠΎΡ
ΡΠ°Π½ΠΈΠ»ΡΡ ΠΈΡ
Π²Π΅ΠΏΡΡΠΊΠΈΠΉ ΠΈΠ»ΠΈ ΠΊΠ°ΡΠ΅Π»ΡΡΠΊΠΈΠΉ ΡΡΠΈΠΌΠΎΠ½. ΠΠ½ΡΠ΅ΡΠΏΡΠ΅ΡΠ°ΡΠΈΠΈ, ΠΊΠΎΡΠΎΡΡΠ΅ ΠΈΠ·Π»ΠΎΠΆΠ΅Π½Ρ Π² ΡΡΠ°ΡΡΠ΅, ΠΏΠΎΠΏΡΡΠ½ΠΎ ΡΡΠΎΡΠ½ΡΡΡ, Π΄ΠΎΠΏΠΎΠ»Π½ΡΡΡ, Π° ΠΈΠ½ΠΎΠ³Π΄Π° ΠΈ ΠΈΡΠΏΡΠ°Π²Π»ΡΡΡ ΡΡΠΈΠΌΠΎΠ»ΠΎΠ³ΠΈΠΈ Β«Π ΡΡΡΠΊΠΎΠ³ΠΎ Π΄ΠΈΠ°Π»Π΅ΠΊΡΠ½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ΡΡΠΈΠΌΠΎΠ»ΠΎΠ³ΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ΡΠ»ΠΎΠ²Π°ΡΡΒ».This article proposes a reconstruction of a number of Vepsian and Ludic Karelian derivatives of lexemes, referring to the dialectal vocabulary of the Russian dialects of Obonezhye region. Having been lost from the aforementioned Finnic languages due to the Russification of the population living along the transit waterways used for the development of Obonezhye region since the time of Veliky Novgorod, they have survived as substratum or borrowed units in geographically adjacent Russian dialects. Vepsian and Karelian language data are traditionally used for the etymological interpretation of the Russian dialect lexicon. The reverse approach, i.e. the involvement of Russian dialects as a resource for Finnic etymological studies has not been widely used. When reconstructing, it is important to consider such parameters as the area of the Russian word, aiming at a well-defined Finnic language etymon; patterns of phonetic substitution and adaptation of specific Finnic sounds and sound combinations into Russian dialects; the existence of a word and its semantics in related languages. Additional opportunities are provided by the use of toponymic data due to the massive character and good preservation of toponyms. The article reconstructs several Vepsian and Ludic derived lexemes which have not been recorded in dictionaries or other sources. Among them, there are lexemes with suffixes -(e)k and -(e)h (*katek βthin iceβ, *torek βnoise, crackling, rumblingβ, *Δapek βovergrown undercutβ, rΓ€beh βdamp low place in the forestβ), Vepsian verbal name *kΓΌtm <* kΓΌtkim βleash for cattleβ with the -im suffix, Ludic term *hΓΆrpΓ€k βstake with branches for drying hayβ with the suffix -Γ€k and Vepsian landscape term *pugend ~ *pugond βswift with a narrow bed on the riverβ, in which the suffix -nd (< -nto) is embodied. The source of Russian dialectal data is the monumental publication Russian Dialect Etymological Dictionary. Vocabulary of Contact Regions (2019) prepared by S. Π. Myznikov. A lot of work was done in it to find Finnic roots for Russian lexemes. The author of the dictionary had natural difficulties in attributing Russian dialect lexemes, for which their Vepsian or Karelian etymon did not survive. The interpretations presented in the article, along the way, clarify, supplement, and sometimes correct the etymology of the Russian Dialect Etymological Dictionary.Π‘ΡΠ°ΡΡΡ ΠΏΠΎΠ΄Π³ΠΎΡΠΎΠ²Π»Π΅Π½Π° Π² ΡΠ°ΠΌΠΊΠ°Ρ
Π²ΡΠΏΠΎΠ»Π½Π΅Π½ΠΈΡ Π³ΠΎΡΠ·Π°Π΄Π°Π½ΠΈΡ ΠΠ°ΡΠΠ¦ Π ΠΠ, ΡΠ΅ΠΌΠ° β 121070700122-5 Β«Π€ΡΠ½Π΄Π°ΠΌΠ΅Π½ΡΠ°Π»ΡΠ½ΡΠ΅ ΠΈ ΠΏΡΠΈΠΊΠ»Π°Π΄Π½ΡΠ΅ Π°ΡΠΏΠ΅ΠΊΡΡ ΠΈΡΡΠ»Π΅Π΄ΠΎΠ²Π°Π½ΠΈΡ ΠΏΡΠΈΠ±Π°Π»ΡΠΈΠΉΡΠΊΠΎ-ΡΠΈΠ½ΡΠΊΠΈΡ
ΡΠ·ΡΠΊΠΎΠ² ΠΠ°ΡΠ΅Π»ΠΈΠΈ ΠΈ ΡΠΎΠΏΡΠ΅Π΄Π΅Π»ΡΠ½ΡΡ
ΠΎΠ±Π»Π°ΡΡΠ΅ΠΉΒ».The study is a part of the state assignment carried out by the Karelian Research Centre of the RAS, topic 121070700122-5 βFundamental and Applied Aspects of the Study of the Finnic Languages of Karelia and Adjacent Regionsβ
Marginal imprint of human land use upon fire history in a mire-dominated boreal landscape of the Veps Highland, North-West Russia
Dendrochronological reconstructions inform us about historical climate-fire-human interactions, providing a means to calibrate projections of future fire hazard. Most of these reconstructions, however, have been developed in landscapes with a considerable proportion of xeric sites that could potentially inflate our estimates of the historic levels of fire activity. We provide a 420-year long reconstruction of fires in a mire-dominated landscape of the Veps Nature Park, North-West Russia. The area has mostly escaped large-scale forestry operations in the past and is an example of pristine mid-boreal vegetation with a high (approximately 30% for the area studied) proportion of waterlogged areas with ombrotropic mires. The historical fire cycle was 91.4 years (90% confidence intervals, CI 66.2-137.6 years) over the 1580-1720 period, decreasing to 35.9 (CI 28.1-47.6 years) between 1730 and 1770, and then increasing again to 122.7 years (CI 91.0-178.0 years) over the 1780-2000 period. Early season fires dominated over late season fires during the reconstruction period. We documented a higher fire activity period between 1730 and 1780, resulting from the increase in early season fires. This period coincided with one of the largest multi-decadal declines in the reconstructed spring precipitation since 1600 CE, although we found no significant relationship between fire and precipitation over the whole reconstructed period. The nine largest fire years were associated with negative summer precipitation and positive summer temperature anomalies over the study region. Land-use history of the area did not appear to have an effect on historical fire dynamics. Modern (1996-2016) fire records indicate a regional fire cycle of ~ 1300 years, featuring a pronounced pattern with early (April-May) and late (July-September) season fires. The uniform fire cycle in the area since 1780, occurrence of nine largest fire years during years with spring-summer droughts, and low ignition frequencies over the last 420 years (0.005 to 0.037 ignitions per year and km2) suggest that the fire regime of the Veps Highland remained largely natural until the onset of the 20th century
βFinnishβ-Saami Flood in the Toponymy of Karelia and Russian North
The article analyzes four toponymic stems with the meaning of βflood, overflow of waterβ that have Balto-Fennic and β more broadly β Finno-Ugric origins and are attested in the toponymy of Karelia, as well as beyond its southeastern borders β in the Russian North. The materials were retrieved from of the Card index of toponyms of Karelia and adjacent regions, as well as the Toponymic card index of the Ural University (data related to Russian North). By virtue of semantics, the toponymic stems under consideration primarily occur in the names of water bodies, as well as flood lands. The analysis shows that all stems have verbal nature and thus are deverbal names. For two of them (Tulv- and Pais-/PaiΕΎ-) etymons (tulva, paise) are found in modern Balto-Fennic languages. For the third stem β Kost- (Kosht-, Kust-, Kusht-), which is traditionally associated with Balto-Fennic adjective kostea βwet,β the author suggests the possibility of a βfloodβ-related interpretation. This proceeds, on the one hand, from the fact that the waterlogged places during the flood can be characterized as damp, wet, on the other hand, from the meaning of return movement inherent in the verbal stem kosta-. The latter reflects the characteristic movement of water back and forth. Finally, the fourth toponymic stem is based on the Saami linguistic data and their proto-linguistic reconstruction *pΔnte- βoverflow, rise (about the water level)β which is presumably present in a number of place names. The analysis makes it possible to revise or at least offer new possibilities for the etymological interpretation of some landscape terms (e.g. pendus), as well as toponymic stems that are substratal for the Russian North and toponyms formed from them (Kushta, Pazha, Pindusha). It ultimately advances us in our search for the origins of the substrate toponymy of the Russian North
Review of The Dictionary of Non-Calendar Personal Names, Nicknames and Family Names in the 15-17th Centuries Russian North-West by I. A. Kyurshunova
Field Research of Karelian Toponymy
The article reviews toponymy field research carried out by the Institute of Language, Literature and History of the Karelian Research Centre of the Russian Academy of Sciences during the past 40 years and aiming to create and enlarge the card index of Karelian and neighbouring districtsβ toponyms. The author determines the boundaries of the examined territory, characterizing the extent to which Russian and Baltic-Finnish (Karelian and Veps) toponymy is studied along with toponymy collection methods applied.Π ΡΡΠ°ΡΡΠ΅ Π΄Π°Π΅ΡΡΡ ΠΎΠ±Π·ΠΎΡ ΠΏΠΎΠ»Π΅Π²ΡΡ
ΠΈΡΡΠ»Π΅Π΄ΠΎΠ²Π°Π½ΠΈΠΉ ΡΠΎΠΏΠΎΠ½ΠΈΠΌΠΈΠΈ, ΠΏΡΠΎΠ²ΠΎΠ΄ΠΈΠΌΡΡ
ΠΠ½ΡΡΠΈΡΡΡΠΎΠΌ ΡΠ·ΡΠΊΠ°, Π»ΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠ°ΡΡΡΡ ΠΈ ΠΈΡΡΠΎΡΠΈΠΈ ΠΠ°ΡΠ΅Π»ΡΡΠΊΠΎΠ³ΠΎ Π½Π°ΡΡΠ½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ΡΠ΅Π½ΡΡΠ° Π ΠΠ Π½Π° ΠΏΡΠΎΡΡΠΆΠ΅Π½ΠΈΠΈ 40 Π»Π΅Ρ ΠΈ ΠΈΠΌΠ΅ΡΡΠΈΡ
ΡΠ΅Π»ΡΡ ΡΠΎΠ·Π΄Π°Π½ΠΈΠ΅ ΠΈ ΠΏΠΎΠΏΠΎΠ»Π½Π΅Π½ΠΈΠ΅ ΠΠ°ΡΡΠ½ΠΎΠΉ ΠΊΠ°ΡΡΠΎΡΠ΅ΠΊΠΈ ΡΠΎΠΏΠΎΠ½ΠΈΠΌΠΎΠ² ΠΠ°ΡΠ΅Π»ΠΈΠΈ ΠΈ ΡΠΎΠΏΡΠ΅Π΄Π΅Π»ΡΠ½ΡΡ
ΠΎΠ±Π»Π°ΡΡΠ΅ΠΉ. ΠΠ²ΡΠΎΡ ΠΎΡΠ΅ΡΡΠΈΠ²Π°Π΅Ρ Π³ΡΠ°Π½ΠΈΡΡ ΠΎΠ±ΡΠ»Π΅Π΄ΠΎΠ²Π°Π½Π½ΠΎΠΉ ΡΠ΅ΡΡΠΈΡΠΎΡΠΈΠΈ ΠΈ Ρ
Π°ΡΠ°ΠΊΡΠ΅ΡΠΈΠ·ΡΠ΅Ρ ΡΡΠ΅ΠΏΠ΅Π½Ρ ΠΈΠ·ΡΡΠ΅Π½Π½ΠΎΡΡΠΈ Π½Π° Π½Π΅ΠΉ ΡΡΡΡΠΊΠΎΠΉ ΠΈ ΠΏΡΠΈΠ±Π°Π»ΡΠΈΠΉΡΠΊΠΎ-ΡΠΈΠ½ΡΠΊΠΎΠΉ (ΠΊΠ°ΡΠ΅Π»ΡΡΠΊΠΎΠΉ, Π²Π΅ΠΏΡΡΠΊΠΎΠΉ) ΡΠΎΠΏΠΎΠ½ΠΈΠΌΠΈΠΈ, Π° ΡΠ°ΠΊΠΆΠ΅ ΠΈΡΠΏΠΎΠ»ΡΠ·ΡΠ΅ΠΌΡΠ΅ ΠΌΠ΅ΡΠΎΠ΄ΠΈΠΊΠΈ ΡΠ±ΠΎΡΠ°
Phonetic Variants of the Ancient Toponymic Stem *YlΓ€- βUpperβ and Their Genesis in the Hydronymy of Karelia
The paper explores modifi cations of the ancient proto-Finnic toponymic stem *YlΓ€- βtop, upper,β attested in the hydronymy of Karelia and adjacent regions. The analysis aims to reveal its phonetic variants and their sources. It is observed that in hydronyms the stem is used both independently and in conjunction with some formants. The latter, originating from derivational suffi xes and grammatical markers, have a strong tradition of usage evidenced by a number of discovered toponyms with markers having specifi c protolanguage features. For instance, toponyms like IlinΕΎ/jΓ€rv (-nΕΎV < Proto-Saami *-ΕΔe), Ylini/jΓ€rvi (Finnic -ini), Yliz/jΓ€rvi (Finnic -ize) showcase different stages of the development of diminutive / attributive suffi x. The so-called superlative suffi x, derived from the protolanguage superlative marker *-maΞ·Δe/*-mÀηΔe, along with its Saami and Finnic modifi cations, is attested in lake names such as Ilβmozero, Ilemenza, IlβmaΕΎ, Ilβmeza, Elimozero, Elβmus, YlimΓ€ine, YlimΓ€is/jΓ€rvi etc. on the territory of Karelia and adjacent areas. It is proposed that the same logic applies to the origins of the Novgorod placename Ilmen. To underpin the attempted βupperβ toponymic stems reconstruction, the study brings them in line with other place names derived from the stems with spatial semantics, formed with similar formant-types (e.g. lake PelonΔ, Pilβmasozero, Kukimasozero, Tarazmane). A certain areal distribution of naming patterns, apparently marking different ethno-linguistic groups, is also identifi ed. Specifi cally, the pattern Elβmuz ~ Elimys known in the Central Karelia and west adjacent areas of Eastern Finland refl ects the Late Proto-Saami linguistic condition. The pattern Ileksa, given its tight range between the lakes LachΠ°, Vozhe, Beloye, and Onega, as well as its phonetic appearance, may be an ancestry of an earlier language condition, associated with the Late Kargopol archaeological culture. The said cultureβs areal quite accurately repeats the outlines of the toponymic range of Ileksa and some other toponymic patterns having a common Finnic-Saami and, in some cases, ancient western Uralic sources.Π ΡΡΠ°ΡΡΠ΅ ΡΠ°ΡΡΠΌΠΎΡΡΠ΅Π½Ρ ΠΌΠΎΠ΄ΠΈΡΠΈΠΊΠ°ΡΠΈΠΈ Π΄ΡΠ΅Π²Π½Π΅ΠΉ ΠΏΡΠ°ΡΠΈΠ½ΡΠΊΠΎΠΉ ΡΠΎΠΏΠΎΠΎΡΠ½ΠΎΠ²Ρ *YlΓ€- βΠΠ΅ΡΡ
, Π²Π΅ΡΡ
Π½ΠΈΠΉβ, ΠΈΠ·Π²Π΅ΡΡΠ½ΡΠ΅ Π² Π³ΠΈΠ΄ΡΠΎΠ½ΠΈΠΌΠΈΠΈ ΠΠ°ΡΠ΅Π»ΠΈΠΈ ΠΈ ΡΠΌΠ΅ΠΆΠ½ΡΡ
ΡΠ΅ΡΡΠΈΡΠΎΡΠΈΠΉ. ΠΡΡΠ²Π»Π΅Π½Ρ Π΅Π΅ ΡΠΎΠ½Π΅ΡΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠΈΠ΅ Π²Π°ΡΠΈΠ°Π½ΡΡ ΠΈ ΠΈΡ
Π³Π΅Π½Π΅Π·ΠΈΡ. ΠΠΎΠΊΠ°Π·Π°Π½ΠΎ, ΡΡΠΎ ΡΡΠ° ΠΎΡΠ½ΠΎΠ²Π° Π²ΡΡΡΡΠΏΠ°Π΅Ρ Π² Π³ΠΈΠ΄ΡΠΎΠ½ΠΈΠΌΠ°Ρ
ΠΊΠ°ΠΊ ΡΠ°ΠΌΠΎΡΡΠΎΡΡΠ΅Π»ΡΠ½ΠΎ, ΡΠ°ΠΊ ΠΈ Π² ΡΠ²ΡΠ·ΠΊΠ΅ Ρ ΡΠΎΡΠΌΠ°Π½ΡΠ°ΠΌΠΈ. ΠΡΠΈ ΡΡΠΎΠΌ ΠΏΠΎΡΠ»Π΅Π΄Π½ΠΈΠ΅, Π²ΠΎΡΡ
ΠΎΠ΄Ρ ΠΊ ΡΠ»ΠΎΠ²ΠΎΠΎΠ±ΡΠ°Π·ΠΎΠ²Π°ΡΠ΅Π»ΡΠ½ΡΠΌ ΡΡΡΡΠΈΠΊΡΠ°ΠΌ ΠΈ Π³ΡΠ°ΠΌΠΌΠ°ΡΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠΈΠΌ ΠΏΠΎΠΊΠ°Π·Π°ΡΠ΅Π»ΡΠΌ, ΠΈΠΌΠ΅ΡΡ ΠΏΡΠΎΡΠ½ΡΠ΅ ΡΡΠ°Π΄ΠΈΡΠΈΠΈ ΠΈΡΠΏΠΎΠ»ΡΠ·ΠΎΠ²Π°Π½ΠΈΡ, ΠΊΠΎΡΠΎΡΡΠ΅ ΠΏΠΎΠ΄ΡΠ²Π΅ΡΠΆΠ΄Π°ΡΡΡΡ Π²ΡΡΠ²Π»Π΅Π½ΠΈΠ΅ΠΌ Π½Π΅ΠΊΠΎΡΠΎΡΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ΡΡΠ΄Π° ΡΠΎΠΏΠΎΠ½ΠΈΠΌΠΎΠ² Ρ ΠΏΡΠ°ΡΠ·ΡΠΊΠΎΠ²ΡΠΌ ΠΎΠ±Π»ΠΈΠΊΠΎΠΌ ΠΏΠΎΠΊΠ°Π·Π°ΡΠ΅Π»Ρ. Π’Π°ΠΊ, ΡΠ°Π·Π½ΡΠ΅ ΡΡΠ°Π΄ΠΈΠΈ ΡΠ°Π·Π²ΠΈΡΠΈΡ Π΄Π΅ΠΌΠΈΠ½ΡΡΠΈΠ²Π½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ / Π°ΡΡΠΈΠ±ΡΡΠΈΠ²Π½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ΡΡΡΡΠΈΠΊΡΠ° ΡΠ΅Π°Π»ΠΈΠ·ΠΎΠ²Π°Π½Ρ Π² ΡΠΎΠΏΠΎΠ½ΠΈΠΌΠ°Ρ
IlinΕΎ/jΓ€rv (-nΕΎV < ΠΏΡΠ°ΡΠ°Π°ΠΌ. *-ΕΔe), Ylini/jΓ€rvi (ΠΏΡΠΈΠ±.-ΡΠΈΠ½. -ini), Yliz/jΓ€rvi (ΠΏΡΠΈΠ±.-ΡΠΈΠ½. -ize-). Π’Π°ΠΊ Π½Π°Π·ΡΠ²Π°Π΅ΠΌΡΠΉ ΡΡΠΏΠ΅ΡΠ»Π°ΡΠΈΠ²Π½ΡΠΉ ΡΡΡΡΠΈΠΊΡ, Π²ΠΎΡΡ
ΠΎΠ΄ΡΡΠΈΠΉ ΠΊ ΠΏΡΠ°ΡΠ·ΡΠΊΠΎΠ²ΠΎΠΌΡ ΠΏΠΎΠΊΠ°Π·Π°ΡΠ΅Π»Ρ ΠΏΡΠ΅Π²ΠΎΡΡ
ΠΎΠ΄Π½ΠΎΠΉ ΡΡΠ΅ΠΏΠ΅Π½ΠΈ *-maΞ·Δe/*-mÀηΔe ΠΈ Π΅Π³ΠΎ ΡΠ°Π°ΠΌΡΠΊΠΈΠΌ ΠΈ ΠΏΡΠΈΠ±Π°Π»ΡΠΈΠΉΡΠΊΠΎ-ΡΠΈΠ½ΡΠΊΠΈΠΌ ΠΌΠΎΠ΄ΠΈΡΠΈΠΊΠ°ΡΠΈΡΠΌ, ΠΎΡΡΠ°Π·ΠΈΠ»ΡΡ Π² Π»ΠΈΠΌΠ½ΠΎΠ½ΠΈΠΌΠ°Ρ
ΠΠ»ΡΠΌΠΎΠ·Π΅ΡΠΎ, ΠΠ»Π΅ΠΌΠ΅Π½Π·Π°, ΠΠ»ΡΠΌΠ°ΠΆ, ΠΠ»ΡΠΌΠ΅Π·Π°, ΠΠ»ΠΈΠΌΠΎΠ·Π΅ΡΠΎ, ΠΠ»ΡΠΌΡΡ, YlimΓ€ine, YlimΓ€is/jΓ€rvi ΠΈ Π΄Ρ. Π½Π° ΡΠ΅ΡΡΠΈΡΠΎΡΠΈΠΈ ΠΠ°ΡΠ΅Π»ΠΈΠΈ ΠΈ ΡΠΌΠ΅ΠΆΠ½ΡΡ
ΠΎΠ±Π»Π°ΡΡΠ΅ΠΉ. Π ΡΡΠΎΠΌ ΡΡΠ΄Ρ ΠΏΡΠ΅Π΄Π»Π°Π³Π°Π΅ΡΡΡ ΡΠ°ΡΡΠΌΠ°ΡΡΠΈΠ²Π°ΡΡ ΠΈ ΠΈΡΡΠΎΠΊΠΈ Π½ΠΎΠ²Π³ΠΎΡΠΎΠ΄ΡΠΊΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ΡΠΎΠΏΠΎΠ½ΠΈΠΌΠ° ΠΠ»ΡΠΌΠ΅Π½Ρ. ΠΡΠ΅Π΄ΠΏΡΠΈΠ½ΡΡΠ° ΠΏΠΎΠΏΡΡΠΊΠ° Π²Π²Π΅ΡΡΠΈ Π²ΡΡΠ²Π»Π΅Π½Π½ΡΠ΅ Β«Π²Π΅ΡΡ
Π½ΠΈΠ΅Β» ΡΠΎΠΏΠΎΠΎΡΠ½ΠΎΠ²Ρ Π² ΡΡΠ΄ Π΄ΡΡΠ³ΠΈΡ
ΠΎΠ±ΡΠ°Π·ΠΎΠ²Π°Π½ΠΈΠΉ ΠΎΡ ΠΎΡΠ½ΠΎΠ² Ρ ΠΏΡΠΎΡΡΡΠ°Π½ΡΡΠ²Π΅Π½Π½ΠΎΠΉ ΡΠ΅ΠΌΠ°Π½ΡΠΈΠΊΠΎΠΉ, ΠΎΡΠΎΡΠΌΠ»Π΅Π½Π½ΡΡ
Π°Π½Π°Π»ΠΎΠ³ΠΈΡΠ½ΡΠΌΠΈ ΡΠΎΡΠΌΠ°Π½ΡΠ°ΠΌΠΈ (Π½Π°ΠΏΡΠΈΠΌΠ΅Ρ, ΠΎΠ·. ΠΠ΅Π»ΠΎΠ½Ρ, ΠΠΈΠ»ΡΠΌΠ°ΡΠΎΠ·Π΅ΡΠΎ, ΠΡΠΊΠΈΠΌΠ°ΡΠΎΠ·Π΅ΡΠΎ, Tarazmane), ΠΊΠΎΡΠΎΡΠ°Ρ ΠΏΡΠΈΠ·Π²Π°Π½Π° ΠΏΠΎΠ΄Π΄Π΅ΡΠΆΠ°ΡΡ ΠΏΡΠΎΠ²Π΅Π΄Π΅Π½Π½ΡΠ΅ Π²ΡΡΠ΅ Β«Π²Π΅ΡΡ
Π½ΠΈΠ΅Β» ΡΠ΅ΠΊΠΎΠ½ΡΡΡΡΠΊΡΠΈΠΈ. ΠΡΡΠ²Π»Π΅Π½Π° ΡΠ°ΠΊΠΆΠ΅ ΠΎΠΏΡΠ΅Π΄Π΅Π»Π΅Π½Π½Π°Ρ Π°ΡΠ΅Π°Π»ΡΠ½Π°Ρ Π΄ΠΈΡΡΡΠΈΠ±ΡΡΠΈΡ ΠΌΠΎΠ΄Π΅Π»Π΅ΠΉ, ΠΎΡΠ΅Π²ΠΈΠ΄Π½ΠΎ, ΠΌΠ°ΡΠΊΠΈΡΡΡΡΠΈΡ
ΡΠ°Π·Π½ΡΠ΅ ΡΡΠ½ΠΎΡΠ·ΡΠΊΠΎΠ²ΡΠ΅ ΠΊΠΎΠ»Π»Π΅ΠΊΡΠΈΠ²Ρ. ΠΠΎΠ΄Π΅Π»Ρ Elβmuz ~ Elimys, ΠΈΠ·Π²Π΅ΡΡΠ½Π°Ρ Π½Π° ΡΠ΅ΡΡΠΈΡΠΎΡΠΈΠΈ Π¦Π΅Π½ΡΡΠ°Π»ΡΠ½ΠΎΠΉ ΠΠ°ΡΠ΅Π»ΠΈΠΈ ΠΈ Π² ΠΏΡΠΈΠΌΡΠΊΠ°ΡΡΠΈΡ
Ρ Π·Π°ΠΏΠ°Π΄Π° ΡΠ°ΠΉΠΎΠ½Π°Ρ
ΠΠΎΡΡΠΎΡΠ½ΠΎΠΉ Π€ΠΈΠ½Π»ΡΠ½Π΄ΠΈΠΈ, ΠΎΡΡΠ°ΠΆΠ°Π΅Ρ ΠΏΠΎΠ·Π΄Π½Π΅ΠΏΡΠ°ΡΠ°Π°ΠΌΡΠΊΠΎΠ΅ ΡΠ·ΡΠΊΠΎΠ²ΠΎΠ΅ ΡΠΎΡΡΠΎΡΠ½ΠΈΠ΅. Π ΡΠ²ΠΎΡ ΠΎΡΠ΅ΡΠ΅Π΄Ρ, ΠΌΠΎΠ΄Π΅Π»Ρ ΠΠ»Π΅ΠΊΡΠ°, ΠΈΡΡ
ΠΎΠ΄Ρ ΠΈΠ· Π΅Π΅ ΠΏΠ»ΠΎΡΠ½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ Π°ΡΠ΅Π°Π»Π° ΠΌΠ΅ΠΆΠ΄Ρ ΠΎΠ·Π΅ΡΠ°ΠΌΠΈ ΠΠ°ΡΠ΅, ΠΠΎΠΆΠ΅, ΠΠ΅Π»ΠΎΠ΅ ΠΈ ΠΠ½Π΅ΠΆΡΠΊΠΎΠ΅, Π° ΡΠ°ΠΊΠΆΠ΅ ΡΠΎΠ½Π΅ΡΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ΠΎΠ±Π»ΠΈΠΊΠ°, ΠΌΠΎΠΆΠ΅Ρ Π±ΡΡΡ Π½Π°ΡΠ»Π΅Π΄ΠΈΠ΅ΠΌ Π±ΠΎΠ»Π΅Π΅ ΡΠ°Π½Π½Π΅Π³ΠΎ ΡΠ·ΡΠΊΠΎΠ²ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ΡΠΎΡΡΠΎΡΠ½ΠΈΡ, Ρ
Π°ΡΠ°ΠΊΡΠ΅ΡΠΈΠ·ΠΎΠ²Π°Π²ΡΠ΅Π³ΠΎ Π½ΠΎΡΠΈΡΠ΅Π»Π΅ΠΉ ΠΏΠΎΠ·Π΄Π½Π΅ΠΊΠ°ΡΠ³ΠΎΠΏΠΎΠ»ΡΡΠΊΠΎΠΉ Π°ΡΡ
Π΅ΠΎΠ»ΠΎΠ³ΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠΎΠΉ ΠΊΡΠ»ΡΡΡΡΡ. ΠΡΠ΅Π°Π» ΠΏΠΎΡΠ»Π΅Π΄Π½Π΅ΠΉ Π΄ΠΎΠ²ΠΎΠ»ΡΠ½ΠΎ ΡΠΎΡΠ½ΠΎ ΠΏΠΎΠ²ΡΠΎΡΡΠ΅Ρ ΠΎΡΠ΅ΡΡΠ°Π½ΠΈΡ ΡΠΎΠΏΠΎΠ½ΠΈΠΌΠ½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ Π°ΡΠ΅Π°Π»Π° ΠΠ»Π΅ΠΊΡΠ°, Π° ΡΠ°ΠΊΠΆΠ΅ ΡΡΠ΄Π° Π΄ΡΡΠ³ΠΈΡ
, ΠΈΠΌΠ΅ΡΡΠΈΡ
ΠΎΠ±ΡΠΈΠ΅ ΠΏΡΠΈΠ±Π°Π»ΡΠΈΠΉΡΠΊΠΎ-ΡΠΈΠ½ΡΠΊΠΎ-ΡΠ°Π°ΠΌΡΠΊΠΈΠ΅, Π° Π² Π½Π΅ΠΊΠΎΡΠΎΡΡΡ
ΡΠ»ΡΡΠ°ΡΡ
ΠΈ Π΄ΡΠ΅Π²Π½ΠΈΠ΅ Π·Π°ΠΏΠ°Π΄Π½ΠΎΡΡΠ°Π»ΡΡΠΊΠΈΠ΅ ΠΈΡΡΠΎΠΊΠΈ.This work was performed with fi nancial support from the Federal budget, within the framework of the targeted research program carried out by the Institute of Language, Literature and History of the KarRC RAS (project ΠΠΠΠ-Π18-118012490344-5 βFinnic Languages of the Northwest of the Russian Federation: Linguistic Research in the Sociocultural Contextβ).Π€ΠΈΠ½Π°Π½ΡΠΎΠ²ΠΎΠ΅ ΠΎΠ±Π΅ΡΠΏΠ΅ΡΠ΅Π½ΠΈΠ΅ ΠΈΡΡΠ»Π΅Π΄ΠΎΠ²Π°Π½ΠΈΠΉ ΠΎΡΡΡΠ΅ΡΡΠ²Π»ΡΠ΅ΡΡΡ ΠΈΠ· ΡΡΠ΅Π΄ΡΡΠ² ΡΠ΅Π΄Π΅ΡΠ°Π»ΡΠ½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ Π±ΡΠ΄ΠΆΠ΅ΡΠ° Π½Π° Π²ΡΠΏΠΎΠ»Π½Π΅Π½ΠΈΠ΅ Π³ΠΎΡΡΠ΄Π°ΡΡΡΠ²Π΅Π½Π½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ Π·Π°Π΄Π°Π½ΠΈΡ ΠΠ°ΡΠΠ¦ Π ΠΠ (β ΠΠΠΠ-Π18-118012490344-5 Β«ΠΡΠΈΠ±Π°Π»ΡΠΈΠΉΡΠΊΠΎ-ΡΠΈΠ½ΡΠΊΠΈΠ΅ ΡΠ·ΡΠΊΠΈ Π‘Π΅Π²Π΅ΡΠΎ-ΠΠ°ΠΏΠ°Π΄Π° Π ΠΎΡΡΠΈΠΉΡΠΊΠΎΠΉ Π€Π΅Π΄Π΅ΡΠ°ΡΠΈΠΈ: Π»ΠΈΠ½Π³Π²ΠΈΡΡΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠΈΠ΅ ΠΈΡΡΠ»Π΅Π΄ΠΎΠ²Π°Π½ΠΈΡ Π² ΡΠΎΡΠΈΠΎΠΊΡΠ»ΡΡΡΡΠ½ΠΎΠΌ ΠΊΠΎΠ½ΡΠ΅ΠΊΡΡΠ΅Β»)
Review: Saarikivi, Janne. Substrata Uralica: Studies on Finno-Ugrian Substrate in Northern Russian Dialects. β Tartu: Tartu University Press, 2006. β 297 p.
The Riddle of Vyga
In her investigation of etymological origins of the name of the river Vyg, flowing into the White Sea, the author arrives at a conclusion that the name ( Lapp. North. viekkΓ’, East. vΔ«gg, vikk βpower, big and strongβ.ΠΡΡΠ»Π΅Π΄ΠΎΠ²Π°Π½ΠΈΠ΅ Π²ΡΠΏΠΎΠ»Π½Π΅Π½ΠΎ Π² ΡΠ°ΠΌΠΊΠ°Ρ
ΠΏΡΠΎΠ΅ΠΊΡΠ° ΠΠΊΠ°Π΄Π΅ΠΌΠΈΠΈ Π½Π°ΡΠΊ Π€ΠΈΠ½Π»ΡΠ½Π΄ΠΈΠΈ β SA 208153
From Chud to Merya [Review of: Rahkonen, P. (2013). South-Eastern Contact Area of Finnic Languages in the Light of Onomastics. JyvΓ€skylΓ€: Bookwell Oy]
The article reviews the work by Pauli Rahkonen devoted to the research of substrate Finno-Ugric hydronymy of the Upper Volga region and adjacent territories where there lived Merya, Muroma, Meshchera and Chud β peoples mentioned in old manuscripts. The author emphasizes the contemporary level of the work using a wide range of methods reflecting the experience of both Russian and Finnish schools of onomastics and based upon extensive and mostly reliable data. The work provides a number of new trustworthy etymologies with solid historical phonetic argumentation. The author also gives a positive appraisal of the method based upon the distribution of typical toponymic stems of the Old Mordvinian, Merya, Murom and Meshchera types with meanings βupperβ β βlowerβ, βbigβ β βsmallβ, βblackβ β βwhiteβ which were reconstructed based on the established phonetic correlations and the connections of those stems to the corresponding ethnical areas, traced according to manuscripts. P. Rahkonenβs analysis leads to generally reliable conclusions, testifying, among others, to a more Western, in comparison with the contemporary, area of the Old Mordviniansβ settlement as well as to close relations between the M erya and Muromian languages having more connections with the Balto-Fenno-Sami linguistic community than with the M ari one. The author pays close attention to the conclusion about Permic (not Volga) origin of M eshchera confirmed by the Permic phonetic form of typical toponymic stems and by related archaeological data. The author recognizes that, with reference to old hydronyms, P. Rahkonen could reconstruct a chain of languages and dialects linking Balto-Fennic and Volga groups of the Western Uralic languages. However, the author regrets to notice that the abovementioned chain does not include the V es of Belozerye which had, as to toponymy, non-Balto-Fennic origin. The review also debates some statements related to the non-Balto-Fennic attribution of C hud as well as to the isolation of some hydronymic formants (-bol, -ra) and their etymologization, and offers alternative etymologies of some stems (e. g., Sond-).Π ΠΏΡΠ±Π»ΠΈΠΊΠ°ΡΠΈΠΈ Π°Π½Π°Π»ΠΈΠ·ΠΈΡΡΠ΅ΡΡΡ ΡΠ°Π±ΠΎΡΠ° ΡΠΈΠ½Π»ΡΠ½Π΄ΡΠΊΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ΡΠΎΠΏΠΎΠ½ΠΈΠΌΠΈΡΡΠ° ΠΠ°ΡΠ»ΠΈ Π Π°Ρ
ΠΊΠΎΠ½Π΅Π½Π°, ΠΏΠΎΡΠ²ΡΡΠ΅Π½Π½Π°Ρ ΠΈΡΡΠ»Π΅Π΄ΠΎΠ²Π°Π½ΠΈΡ ΡΡΠ±ΡΡΡΠ°ΡΠ½ΠΎΠΉ ΡΠΈΠ½Π½ΠΎ-ΡΠ³ΠΎΡΡΠΊΠΎΠΉ Π³ΠΈΠ΄ΡΠΎΠ½ΠΈΠΌΠΈΠΈ ΠΠ΅ΡΡ
Π½Π΅Π²ΠΎΠ»ΠΆΡΡ ΠΈ ΠΏΡΠΈΠΌΡΠΊΠ°ΡΡΠΈΡ
ΠΊ Π½Π΅ΠΌΡ ΡΠ΅ΡΡΠΈΡΠΎΡΠΈΠΉ, Π½Π° ΠΊΠΎΡΠΎΡΡΡ
ΠΏΡΠΎΠΆΠΈΠ²Π°Π»ΠΈ Π»Π΅ΡΠΎΠΏΠΈΡΠ½ΡΠ΅ ΠΌΠ΅ΡΡ, ΠΌΡΡΠΎΠΌΠ°, ΠΌΠ΅ΡΠ΅ΡΠ° ΠΈ ΡΡΠ΄Ρ. ΠΡΠΌΠ΅ΡΠ°Π΅ΡΡΡ ΡΠΎΠ²ΡΠ΅ΠΌΠ΅Π½Π½ΡΠΉ ΡΡΠΎΠ²Π΅Π½Ρ ΠΈΡΡΠ»Π΅Π΄ΠΎΠ²Π°Π½ΠΈΡ, ΠΎΠΏΠΈΡΠ°ΡΡΠ΅Π³ΠΎΡΡ Π½Π° ΡΠΈΡΠΎΠΊΠΈΠΉ ΡΠΏΠ΅ΠΊΡΡ ΠΌΠ΅ΡΠΎΠ΄ΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠΈΡ
ΠΏΡΠΈΠ΅ΠΌΠΎΠ², ΠΎΠΏΡΡ ΠΊΠ°ΠΊ ΡΠΎΡΡΠΈΠΉΡΠΊΠΎΠΉ, ΡΠ°ΠΊ ΠΈ ΡΠΈΠ½Π»ΡΠ½Π΄ΡΠΊΠΎΠΉ ΠΎΠ½ΠΎΠΌΠ°ΡΡΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠΎΠΉ ΡΠΊΠΎΠ»Ρ, ΠΎΠ±ΡΠΈΡΠ½ΡΠΉ ΠΈ Π² ΡΠ΅Π»ΠΎΠΌ Π΄ΠΎΡΡΠΎΠ²Π΅ΡΠ½ΡΠΉ ΠΎΠ½ΠΎΠΌΠ°ΡΡΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠΈΠΉ ΠΌΠ°ΡΠ΅ΡΠΈΠ°Π». Π ΡΠ°Π±ΠΎΡΠ΅ ΠΏΡΠ΅Π΄Π»ΠΎΠΆΠ΅Π½ ΡΠ΅Π»ΡΠΉ ΡΡΠ΄ Π½ΠΎΠ²ΡΡ
Π΄ΠΎΡΡΠΎΠ²Π΅ΡΠ½ΡΡ
ΡΡΠΈΠΌΠΎΠ»ΠΎΠ³ΠΈΠΉ, ΠΏΡΠΈ ΡΡΠΎΠΌ ΡΠΈΠ»ΡΠ½ΠΎΠΉ ΡΡΠΎΡΠΎΠ½ΠΎΠΉ ΠΈΡΡΠ»Π΅Π΄ΠΎΠ²Π°Π½ΠΈΡ ΡΠ²Π»ΡΠ΅ΡΡΡ ΠΈΡ
ΠΈΡΡΠΎΡΠΈΠΊΠΎ-ΡΠΎΠ½Π΅ΡΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠΎΠ΅ ΠΎΠ±ΠΎΡΠ½ΠΎΠ²Π°Π½ΠΈΠ΅. ΠΠΎΠ»ΠΎΠΆΠΈΡΠ΅Π»ΡΠ½ΠΎ ΠΎΡΠ΅Π½ΠΈΠ²Π°Π΅ΡΡΡ ΠΏΡΠ΅Π΄Π»ΠΎΠΆΠ΅Π½Π½Π°Ρ Π² ΡΠ°Π±ΠΎΡΠ΅ ΠΌΠ΅ΡΠΎΠ΄ΠΈΠΊΠ°, ΠΎΡΠ½ΠΎΠ²Π°Π½Π½Π°Ρ Π½Π° Π΄ΠΈΡΡΡΠΈΠ±ΡΡΠΈΠΈ ΡΠΈΠΏΠΎΠ²ΡΡ
ΡΠΎΠΏΠΎΠΎΡΠ½ΠΎΠ² Π΄ΡΠ΅Π²Π½Π΅ΠΌΠΎΡΠ΄ΠΎΠ²ΡΠΊΠΎΠ³ΠΎ, ΠΌΠ΅ΡΡΠ½ΡΠΊΠΎΠ³ΠΎ, ΠΌΡΡΠΎΠΌΡΠΊΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ΠΈ ΠΌΠ΅ΡΠ΅ΡΡΠΊΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ΡΠΈΠΏΠΎΠ² Ρ ΡΠ΅ΠΌΠ°Π½ΡΠΈΠΊΠΎΠΉ βΠ²Π΅ΡΡ
Π½ΠΈΠΉβ β βΠ½ΠΈΠΆΠ½ΠΈΠΉβ, βΠ±ΠΎΠ»ΡΡΠΎΠΉβ β βΠΌΠ°Π»Π΅Π½ΡΠΊΠΈΠΉβ, βΡΠ΅ΡΠ½ΡΠΉβ β βΠ±Π΅Π»ΡΠΉβ, ΡΠ΅ΠΊΠΎΠ½ΡΡΡΡΠΈΡΠΎΠ²Π°Π½Π½ΡΡ
Π½Π° ΠΎΡΠ½ΠΎΠ²Π΅ ΡΡΡΠ°Π½ΠΎΠ²Π»Π΅Π½Π½ΡΡ
ΡΠΎΠ½Π΅ΡΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠΈΡ
ΡΠΎΠΎΡΠ²Π΅ΡΡΡΠ²ΠΈΠΉ ΠΈ ΠΏΡΠΈΠ²ΡΠ·ΠΊΠΈ ΡΠΎΠΏΠΎΠΎΡΠ½ΠΎΠ² ΠΊ ΡΠΎΠΎΡΠ²Π΅ΡΡΡΠ²ΡΡΡΠΈΠΌ Π»Π΅ΡΠΎΠΏΠΈΡΠ½ΡΠΌ ΡΡΠ½ΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠΈΠΌ Π°ΡΠ΅Π°Π»Π°ΠΌ. ΠΠ½Π°Π»ΠΈΠ· ΠΏΡΠΈΠ²ΠΎΠ΄ΠΈΡ ΠΊ Π² ΡΠ΅Π»ΠΎΠΌ Π΄ΠΎΡΡΠΎΠ²Π΅ΡΠ½ΡΠΌ ΠΈ ΠΏΠ΅ΡΡΠΏΠ΅ΠΊΡΠΈΠ²Π½ΡΠΌ ΡΠ΅Π·ΡΠ»ΡΡΠ°ΡΠ°ΠΌ, ΡΠΊΠ°Π·ΡΠ²Π°ΡΡΠΈΠΌ, Π² ΡΠ°ΡΡΠ½ΠΎΡΡΠΈ, Π½Π° Π±ΠΎΠ»Π΅Π΅ Π·Π°ΠΏΠ°Π΄Π½ΡΠΉ Π² ΡΡΠ°Π²Π½Π΅Π½ΠΈΠΈ Ρ ΡΠΎΠ²ΡΠ΅ΠΌΠ΅Π½Π½ΡΠΌ Π°ΡΠ΅Π°Π» Π΄ΡΠ΅Π²Π½Π΅ΠΌΠΎΡΠ΄ΠΎΠ²ΡΠΊΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ΡΠ°ΡΡΠ΅Π»Π΅Π½ΠΈΡ, Π±Π»ΠΈΠ·ΠΊΠΎΡΠΎΠ΄ΡΡΠ²Π΅Π½Π½ΡΠ΅ ΡΠ²ΡΠ·ΠΈ ΠΌΠ΅ΡΡΠ½ΡΠΊΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ΠΈ ΠΌΡΡΠΎΠΌΡΠΊΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ΡΠ·ΡΠΊΠΎΠ² ΠΈ ΠΏΡΠΈ ΡΡΠΎΠΌ Π±Π»ΠΈΠ·ΠΎΡΡΡ ΠΈΡ
Π½Π΅ ΡΡΠΎΠ»ΡΠΊΠΎ ΠΌΠ°ΡΠΈΠΉΡΠΊΠΎΠΌΡ, ΡΠΊΠΎΠ»ΡΠΊΠΎ ΠΏΡΠΈΠ±Π°Π»ΡΠΈΠΉΡΠΊΠΎ-ΡΠΈΠ½ΡΠΊΠΎ-ΡΠ°Π°ΠΌΡΠΊΠΎΠΌΡ ΡΠ·ΡΠΊΠΎΠ²ΠΎΠΌΡ ΠΌΠΈΡΡ. ΠΡΠ΄Π΅Π»ΡΠ½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ Π²Π½ΠΈΠΌΠ°Π½ΠΈΡ Π·Π°ΡΠ»ΡΠΆΠΈΠ²Π°Π΅Ρ Π²ΡΠ²ΠΎΠ΄ ΠΎ ΠΏΠ΅ΡΠΌΡΠΊΠΈΡ
(Π½Π΅ Π²ΠΎΠ»ΠΆΡΠΊΠΈΡ
) ΠΈΡΡΠΎΠΊΠ°Ρ
ΠΌΠ΅ΡΠ΅ΡΡ, ΠΏΠΎΠ΄ΡΠ²Π΅ΡΠΆΠ΄Π°Π΅ΠΌΡΠΉ ΠΏΠ΅ΡΠΌΡΠΊΠΈΠΌ ΡΠΎΠ½Π΅ΡΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠΈΠΌ ΠΎΠ±Π»ΠΈΠΊΠΎΠΌ ΡΠΈΠΏΠΎΠ²ΡΡ
ΡΠΎΠΏΠΎΠΎΡΠ½ΠΎΠ² ΠΈ ΡΠΎΠΎΡΠ½ΠΎΡΡΡΠΈΠΉΡΡ Ρ Π°ΡΡ
Π΅ΠΎΠ»ΠΎΠ³ΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠΈΠΌΠΈ ΡΠ²ΠΈΠ΄Π΅ΡΠ΅Π»ΡΡΡΠ²Π°ΠΌΠΈ. ΠΠ° ΠΌΠ°ΡΠ΅ΡΠΈΠ°Π»Π΅ Π΄ΡΠ΅Π²Π½ΠΈΡ
Π³ΠΈΠ΄ΡΠΎΠ½ΠΈΠΌΠΎΠ² Π°Π²ΡΠΎΡΡ ΡΠ΄Π°Π»ΠΎΡΡ ΡΠ΅ΠΊΠΎΠ½ΡΡΡΡΠΈΡΠΎΠ²Π°ΡΡ ΡΠ΅ΠΏΠΎΡΠΊΡ ΡΠ·ΡΠΊΠΎΠ² ΠΈ Π΄ΠΈΠ°Π»Π΅ΠΊΡΠΎΠ², ΡΠ²ΡΠ·ΡΠ²Π°ΡΡΠΈΡ
ΠΌΠ΅ΠΆΠ΄Ρ ΡΠΎΠ±ΠΎΠΉ ΠΏΡΠΈΠ±Π°Π»ΡΠΈΠΉΡΠΊΠΎ-ΡΠΈΠ½ΡΠΊΡΡ ΠΈ ΠΏΠΎΠ²ΠΎΠ»ΠΆΡΠΊΡΡ ΡΠ°ΡΡΡ Π·Π°ΠΏΠ°Π΄Π½ΡΡ
ΡΡΠ°Π»ΡΡΠΊΠΈΡ
ΡΠ·ΡΠΊΠΎΠ². ΠΠ΄Π½ΠΎΠ²ΡΠ΅ΠΌΠ΅Π½Π½ΠΎ Ρ ΡΠΎΠΆΠ°Π»Π΅Π½ΠΈΠ΅ΠΌ ΠΎΡΠΌΠ΅ΡΠ°Π΅ΡΡΡ, ΡΡΠΎ ΠΈΠ· ΡΡΠΎΠΉ ΡΠ΅ΠΏΠΎΡΠΊΠΈ Π²ΡΠΏΠ°Π»Π° Π±Π΅Π»ΠΎΠ·Π΅ΡΡΠΊΠ°Ρ Π²Π΅ΡΡ, ΠΈΠΌΠ΅Π²ΡΠ°Ρ, ΡΡΠ΄Ρ ΠΏΠΎ ΡΠΎΠΏΠΎΠ½ΠΈΠΌΠΈΠΈ ΠΠ΅Π»ΠΎΠ·Π΅ΡΡΡ, Π½Π΅ΠΏΡΠΈΠ±Π°Π»ΡΠΈΠΉΡΠΊΠΎ-ΡΠΈΠ½ΡΠΊΠΈΠ΅ ΠΈΡΡΠΎΠΊΠΈ. Π ΡΠ΅ΡΠ΅Π½Π·ΠΈΠΈ ΡΠ°ΠΊΠΆΠ΅ Π΄ΠΈΡΠΊΡΡΠΈΡΡΡΡΡΡ Π½Π΅ΠΊΠΎΡΠΎΡΡΠ΅ ΠΏΠΎΠ»ΠΎΠΆΠ΅Π½ΠΈΡ, ΡΠ²ΡΠ·Π°Π½Π½ΡΠ΅ Ρ Π½Π΅ΠΏΡΠΈΠ±Π°Π»ΡΠΈΠΉΡΠΊΠΎ-ΡΠΈΠ½ΡΠΊΠΎΠΉ Π°ΡΡΠΈΠ±ΡΡΠΈΠ΅ΠΉ ΡΡΠ΄ΠΈ, Π²ΡΠ΄Π΅Π»Π΅Π½ΠΈΠ΅ΠΌ ΡΡΠ΄Π° Π³ΠΈΠ΄ΡΠΎΡΠΎΡΠΌΠ°Π½ΡΠΎΠ² ΠΈ ΠΈΡ
ΠΈΡΡΠΎΠΊΠ°ΠΌΠΈ (-Π±ΠΎΠ», -ΡΠ°). ΠΡΠ΅Π΄Π»Π°Π³Π°ΡΡΡΡ Π΄ΡΡΠ³ΠΈΠ΅ ΡΡΠΈΠΌΠΎΠ»ΠΎΠ³ΠΈΠΈ ΠΎΡΠ΄Π΅Π»ΡΠ½ΡΡ
ΡΠΎΠΏΠΎΠΎΡΠ½ΠΎΠ² (Π½Π°ΠΏΡΠΈΠΌΠ΅Ρ, Π‘ΠΎΠ½Π΄-).This work was supported by the Program of S trategic Development of Petrozavodsk State University (project βFennicaβ).Π Π΅ΡΠ΅Π½Π·ΠΈΡ ΠΏΠΎΠ΄Π³ΠΎΡΠΎΠ²Π»Π΅Π½Π° Π² ΡΠ°ΠΌΠΊΠ°Ρ
ΠΏΡΠΎΠ΅ΠΊΡΠ° Β«FennicaΒ» ΠΡΠΎΠ³ΡΠ°ΠΌΠΌΡ ΡΡΡΠ°ΡΠ΅Π³ΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ΡΠ°Π·Π²ΠΈΡΠΈΡ ΠΠ΅ΡΡΠΠ£