Population ecology of the sea lamprey (Petromyzon marinus) as an invasive species in the Laurentian Great Lakes and an imperiled species in Europe

The sea lamprey Petromyzon marinus (Linnaeus) is both an invasive non-native species in the Laurentian Great Lakes of North America and an imperiled species in much of its native range in North America and Europe. To compare and contrast how understanding of population ecology is useful for control programs in the Great Lakes and restoration programs in Europe, we review current understanding of the population ecology of the sea lamprey in its native and introduced range. Some attributes of sea lamprey population ecology are particularly useful for both control programs in the Great Lakes and restoration programs in the native range. First, traps within fish ladders are beneficial for removing sea lampreys in Great Lakes streams and passing sea lampreys in the native range. Second, attractants and repellants are suitable for luring sea lampreys into traps for control in the Great Lakes and guiding sea lamprey passage for conservation in the native range. Third, assessment methods used for targeting sea lamprey control in the Great Lakes are useful for targeting habitat protection in the native range. Last, assessment methods used to quantify numbers of all life stages of sea lampreys would be appropriate for measuring success of control in the Great Lakes and success of conservation in the native range

Comparison of Transcutaneous, Arterial and End-tidal Measurements of Carbon Dioxide during Laparoscopic Cholecystectomy in Patients with Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease

OBJECTIVE: Transcutaneous, arterial and end-tidal measurements of carbon dioxide were compared in patients (American Society of Anesthesiology physical status classes II and III) with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) who underwent laparoscopic cholecystectomy with carbon dioxide insufflation. METHODS: General anaesthesia was performed in all patients. The Sentec (R) system was used for transcutaneous monitoring of the partial pressure of carbon dioxide (TcPco(2)). TcPco(2) and arterial partial pressure of carbon dioxide (Paco(2)) were recorded preoperatively, after induction of anaesthesia, during insufflation and postoperatively; end-tidal carbon dioxide (ETco(2)) was recorded after induction and during insufflation. RESULTS: Paco(2) increased during insufflation and reached a maximum at extubation. It declined within 20 min postoperatively but did not return to preoperative levels during this time. TcPco(2) levels followed a similar pattern. ETco(2) was significantly lower than Paco(2) after induction and during insufflation. CONCLUSION: TcPco(2) was a valid and practical measurement compared with ETco(2). In patients with COPD undergoing laparoscopic cholecystectomy, TcPco(2) and ETco(2) could be used instead of arterial blood gas sampling