38,701 research outputs found
Twin-photon techniques for fiber measurements
The potential of twin photons generated by parametric down-conversion for
metrological applications are discussed. We present several experimental
results like the measurement of chromatic dispersion and polarization mode
dispersion in optical fibers.Comment: 6 pages, 5 figures, Invited paper for the Symposium on Optical Fiber
Measurements, sponsored by NIST, Boulder, Co, September 15-17, 199
Isotopic ratios at z=0.68 from molecular absorption lines toward B 0218+357
Isotopic ratios of heavy elements are a key signature of the nucleosynthesis
processes in stellar interiors. The contribution of successive generations of
stars to the metal enrichment of the Universe is imprinted on the evolution of
isotopic ratios over time. We investigate the isotopic ratios of carbon,
nitrogen, oxygen, and sulfur through millimeter molecular absorption lines
arising in the z=0.68 absorber toward the blazar B 0218+357. We find that these
ratios differ from those observed in the Galactic interstellar medium, but are
remarkably close to those in the only other source at intermediate redshift for
which isotopic ratios have been measured to date, the z=0.89 absorber in front
of PKS1830-211. The isotopic ratios in these two absorbers should reflect
enrichment mostly from massive stars, and they are indeed close to the values
observed toward local starburst galaxies. Our measurements set constraints on
nucleosynthesis and chemical evolution models.Comment: Accepted for publication in Astronomy & Astrophysics; 10 pages, 9
figure
A Mathematical Model for Estimating Biological Damage Caused by Radiation
We propose a mathematical model for estimating biological damage caused by
low-dose irradiation. We understand that the Linear Non Threshold (LNT)
hypothesis is realized only in the case of no recovery effects. In order to
treat the realistic living objects, our model takes into account various types
of recovery as well as proliferation mechanism, which may change the resultant
damage, especially for the case of lower dose rate irradiation. It turns out
that the lower the radiation dose rate, the safer the irradiated system of
living object (which is called symbolically "tissue" hereafter) can have
chances to survive, which can reproduce the so-called dose and dose-rate
effectiveness factor (DDREF).Comment: 22 pages, 6 Figs, accepted in Journal of the Physical Society of
Japa
Solvable senescence model with positive mutations
We build upon our previous analytical results for the Penna model of
senescence to include positive mutations. We investigate whether a small but
non-zero positive mutation rate gives qualitatively different results to the
traditional Penna model in which no positive mutations are considered. We find
that the high-lifespan tail of the distribution is radically changed in
structure, but that there is not much effect on the bulk of the population. Th
e mortality plateau that we found previously for a stochastic generalization of
the Penna model is stable to a small positive mutation rate.Comment: 3 figure
Gravitational waves in general relativity: XIV. Bondi expansions and the ``polyhomogeneity'' of \Scri
The structure of polyhomogeneous space-times (i.e., space-times with metrics
which admit an expansion in terms of ) constructed by a
Bondi--Sachs type method is analysed. The occurrence of some log terms in an
asymptotic expansion of the metric is related to the non--vanishing of the Weyl
tensor at Scri. Various quantities of interest, including the Bondi mass loss
formula, the peeling--off of the Riemann tensor and the Newman--Penrose
constants of motion are re-examined in this context.Comment: LaTeX, 28pp, CMA-MR14-9
Out of equilibrium quantum field dynamics of an initial thermal state after a change in the external field
The effects of the initial temperature in the out of equilibrium quantum
field dynamics in the presence of an homogeneous external field are
investigated. We consider an initial thermal state of temperature T for a
constant external field J. A subsequent sign flip of the external field, J to
-J, gives rise to an out of equilibrium nonperturbative quantum field dynamics.
The dynamics is studied here for the symmetry broken lambda(Phi^2)^2 scalar N
component field theory in the large N limit. We find a dynamical effective
potential for the expectation value that helps to understand the dynamics. The
dynamics presents two regimes defined by the presence or absence of a temporal
trapping close to the metastable equilibrium position of the potential. The two
regimes are separated by a critical value of the external field that depends on
the initial temperature. The temporal trapping is shorter for larger initial
temperatures or larger external fields. Parametric resonances and spinodal
instabilities amplify the quantum fluctuations in the field components
transverse to the external field. When there is a temporal trapping this is the
main mechanism that allows the system to escape from the metastable state for
large N. Subsequently backreaction stops the growth of the quantum fluctuations
and the system enters a quasiperiodic regime.Comment: LaTeX, 19 pages, 12 .eps figures, improved version to appear in Phys
Rev
Two-photon ionization of Helium studied with the multiconfigurational time-dependent Hartree-Fock method
The multiconfigurational time-dependent Hartree-Fock method (MCTDHF) is
applied for simulations of the two-photon ionization of Helium. We present
results for the single- and double ionization from the groundstate for photon
energies in the non-sequential regime, and compare them to direct solutions of
the Schr\"odinger equation using the time-dependent (full) Configuration
Interaction method (TDCI). We find that the single-ionization is accurately
reproduced by MCTDHF, whereas the double ionization results correctly capture
the main trends of TDCI
Reply to ``Comment on `Insulating Behavior of -DNA on the Micron Scale' "
In our experiment, we found that the resistance of vacuum-dried -DNA
exceeds at 295 K. Bechhoefer and Sen have raised a number of
objections to our conclusion. We provide counter arguments to support our
original conclusion.Comment: 1 page reply to comment, 1 figur
Investigating the nature of the Fried Egg nebula: CO mm-line and optical spectroscopy of IRAS 17163-3907
Through CO mm-line and optical spectroscopy, we investigate the properties of
the Fried Egg nebula IRAS 17163-3907, which has recently been proposed to be
one of the rare members of the yellow hypergiant class. The CO J=2-1 and J=3-2
emission arises from a region within 20" of the star and is clearly associated
with the circumstellar material. The CO lines show a multi-component
asymmetrical profile, and an unexpected velocity gradient is resolved in the
east-west direction, suggesting a bipolar outflow. This is in contrast with the
apparent symmetry of the dust envelope as observed in the infrared. The optical
spectrum of IRAS 17163-3907 between 5100 and 9000 {\AA} was compared with that
of the archetypal yellow hypergiant IRC+10420 and was found to be very similar.
These results build on previous evidence that IRAS 17163-3907 is a yellow
hypergiant.Comment: 14 pages including appendix, accepted for publication in A&
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