Farming Systems in the Central West of NSW: An Economic Analysis

The objectives of this report have been to describe important farming systems in the Central West of NSW, to gain some insights into current financial performance and to examine in more detail the role of pastures in these farming systems at a time when the profitability of wool growing has been low relative to grain growing. While farms and farming systems vary considerably across the region, a majority can be broadly grouped into a mixed livestock and cropping category. Although there is also significant variability within this category, two representative farms and farming systems were developed for the region with the assistance from a small group of farmers and extension staff from NSW Agriculture. One represents the farms and farming systems east of Condobolin and the other represents the farms and farming systems to the west of Condobolin. Whole-farm budget models have been developed for each to provide a description of the farms in this region and an indication of their current profitability. They are useful to give an indication of how farm income might be altered by the introduction of some new technology, a new enterprise such a pulse crop, or an alternative management practice. This report presents some examples of their application but importantly it has provided a template for the development of additional whole-farm budgets for alternative farming systems in this and other regions. Using the whole-farm budget representing farms east of Condobolin, and a linear programming model, PRISM Condobolin, this report shows that the optimal length of pasture is fairly insensitive to changing market signals for both cropping and livestock commodities. It also shows that although length of pasture is insensitive, the optimal mix of enterprises does change, highlighting the importance of considering the interactions between enterprises in whole-farm analysis.Industrial Organization, Production Economics,

The polyphenolic and hydroxycinnamate contents of whole coffee fruits from China, India and Mexico

Air dried whole coffee fruits, beans and husks from China, India and Mexico were analysed for their chlorogenic acids (CGA), caffeine, and polyphenolic content. Analysis was by HPLC and Orbitrap exact mass spectrometry. Total phenol, total flavonol and antioxidant capacity were measured. The hydroxycinnamate profile consisted of caffeoylquinic acids, feruloyquinic acids, dicaffeoylquinic acids and caffeoyl-feruloylquinic acids. A range of flavan-3-ols as well as flavonol conjugates were detected. The CGA content was similar for both Mexico and India coffee fruits but was much lower in China samples. Highest levels of flavan-3-ols were found in the Indian samples whereas Mexico samples contained the highest flavonols. Amounts of CGAs in the beans were similar to those in the whole fruits, but flavan-3-ols and flavonols were not detected. The husks contained the same range of polyphenols as in the whole fruits. Highest levels of caffeine were found in the Robusta samples

Thermoelectric energy harvester with a cold start of 0.6 °C

This paper presents the electrical and thermal design of a thermoelectric energy harvester power system and its characterisation. The energy harvester is powered by a single Thermoelectric Generator (TEG) of 449 couples connected via a power conditioning circuit to an embedded processor. The aim of the work presented in this paper is to experimentally confirm the lowest ΔT measured across the TEG (ΔTTEG) at which the embedded processor operates to allow for wireless communication. The results show that when a temperature difference of 0.6 °CΔTTEG is applied across the thermoelectric module, an input voltage of 23 mV is generated which is sufficient to activate the energy harvester in approximately 3 minutes. An experimental setup able to accurately maintain and measure very low temperatures is described and the electrical power generated by the TEG at these temperatures is also described. It was found that the energy harvester power system can deliver up to 30 mA of current at 2.2 V in 3ms pulses for over a second. This is sufficient for wireless broadcast, communication and powering of other sensor devices. The successful operation of the wireless harvester at such low temperature gradients offers many new application areas for the system, including those powered by environmental sources and body heat

Mm-wave power meter mount

E-band thermistor mount and a technique for adjusting a temperature compensating thermistor to provide an electrically balanced bridge are used for measuring RF power in the mm-wavelength. The mount is relatively insensitive to temperature effects that cause measurement errors in single ended circuits

Multicomputer communication system

A local area network is provided for a plurality of autonomous computers which operate at different rates and under different protocols coupled by network bus adapters to a global bus. A host computer (HC) divides a message file to be transmitted into blocks, each with a header that includes a data type identifier and a trailer. The associated network bus adapter (NBA) then divides the data into packets, each with a header to which a transport header and trailer is added with frame type code which specifies one of three modes of addressing in the transmission of data, namely a physical address mode for computer to computer transmission using two bytes for source and destination addresses, a logical address mode and a data type mode. In the logical address mode, one of the two addressing bytes contains a logical channel number (LCN) established between the transmitting and one or more receiving computers. In the data type mode, one of the addressing bytes contains a code identifying the type of data

Matched Thermistors for Microwave Power Meters-Patent

Matched thermistors for microwave power meters with compensation for temperature change

The Collaborative Development of New CFD Methods Adapted for Tilt Rotor Aircraft in the HiPerTilt Project

No abstract available

Voluntarism in occupational health and safety: a reply to Farlow

The serious allegations made by Farlow as to the integrity of this study cannot be allowed to go by without comment. The study and general criticisms which relate to the sample, choice of variables and the findings are briefly dealt with. The main comments in this reply are directed at the 3 more specific issues which appear to be the real concern of the Federation, namely, worker participation, trade union input and interpretation of the aims of the Code of Practice for health and representatives and health and safety committees (1987)

LEVERAGING THE LIGHT AMPHIBIOUS WARSHIP AS A MASS CASUALTY EVACUATION PLATFORM IN A CONTESTED ENVIRONMENT

The Marine Corps needs more accurate models and tools to examine the capabilities of evacuating mass casualties in a dispersed and disaggregated environment. Specifically, the Marine Corps needs to determine the types of platforms required to evacuate casualties for a distributed force as well as the accompanying concepts of operations. To assist in this, Massachusetts Institute of Technology Lincoln Laboratory is developing the Expeditionary Energy Multi-Domain Model (E2M2), which applies an agent-based simulation framework called Probabilistic Investigation of Resource Allocation in Networks of Hierarchical Agents (PIRANHA). The E2M2 evaluates the performance of the Light Amphibious Warship (LAW) used for casualty evacuations. This research utilizes high-dimensional experimental design to vary factors within an Expeditionary Advanced Based Operations scenario to explore varying hospital locations, number of LAWs, LAW configurations, and LAW transportation polices in evacuating mass casualties within the Indo-Pacific region. The E2M2 assists the Marine Corps in determining how LAW is best used as a viable casualty evacuation platform for a distributed force. This research identifies the best-fitting models, methods, and tools that can be used to support analysis in this area. It also includes a demonstration of the E2M2 in support of a scenario and documentation that identifies challenges and opportunities in using the E2M2 in support of concept development activities.Captain, United States Marine CorpsApproved for public release. Distribution is unlimited

Voluntarism in occupational health and safety: the New Zealand response

There has been considerable debate as to whether attempting to improve health and safety practices at work by legislation is more effective than voluntarism and the play of market forces. A survey was conducted in mid 1988 to ascertain the response of New Zealand enterprises to a Voluntary Code of Practice (1987) issued by the Advisory Council for Occupational Safety and Health. An attempt was also made to identify internal and external factors which might have influenced the decision to comply. It would appear that a voluntary approach has some part to play, but the absence of effective health and safety legislation in New Zealand may particularly disadvantage those working in small firms in high risk industries