Livelihoods analysis of landmine affected communities in Yemen (Volume I: main report)

The government of Yemen is committed to the complete elimination of landmines and explosive remnants of war. The National Mine Action Committee (NMAC) was established in June 1998 to formulate policy, allocate resources, and develop a national mine-action strategy. Furthermore, the Yemen Executive Mine Action Centre (YEMAC) was established in January 1999 as the implementing body of the NMAC with the primary responsibility of coordinating all mine-action activities in the country. The aim of the current Strategic Mine Action Plan is to put an end to the suffering and casualties caused by anti-personnel landmines, by the end of March 2009. As of September 2005, over 240 million square meters of affected land have been surveyed, cleared and returned to the local users. In 2005, the Mid-term Evaluation for strengthening national capacity for mine action in Yemen praised the achievements of YEMAC and NMAC to date, and also recommended that Community Rehabilitation become an integral part of mine action in Yemen in the future. This study was commissioned by YEMAC and the Geneva International Centre for Humanitarian Demining (GICHD), with the following objectives: 1. To assess the overall socio-economic returns from mine clearance investments; 2. to make a preliminary assessment of complementary development initiatives for mine-affected communities: and 3. to enhance the capacity of YEMAC to conduct future assessments of socio-economic benefits from mine action; assess the community Landmine Impact Scores as a tool for identifying impact and determining priorities for action; advise on how to design and conduct on-going socio-economic surveys relating to ERW; advise on integrating social differentiation within LIS survey protocols, and advise on enhancements to YEMAC’s monitoring and evaluation system

Livelihoods analysis of landmine affected communities in Yemen (Volume 2: annexes 1-11)

The government of Yemen is committed to the complete elimination of landmines and explosive remnants of war. The National Mine Action Committee (NMAC) was established in June 1998 to formulate policy, allocate resources, and develop a national mine-action strategy. Furthermore, the Yemen Executive Mine Action Centre (YEMAC) was established in January 1999 as the implementing body of the NMAC with the primary responsibility of coordinating all mine-action activities in the country. The aim of the current Strategic Mine Action Plan is to put an end to the suffering and casualties caused by anti-personnel landmines, by the end of March 2009. As of September 2005, over 240 million square meters of affected land have been surveyed, cleared and returned to the local users. In 2005, the Mid-term Evaluation for strengthening national capacity for mine action in Yemen praised the achievements of YEMAC and NMAC to date, and also recommended that Community Rehabilitation become an integral part of mine action in Yemen in the future. This study was commissioned by YEMAC and the Geneva International Centre for Humanitarian Demining (GICHD), with the following objectives: 1. To assess the overall socio-economic returns from mine clearance investments; 2. to make a preliminary assessment of complementary development initiatives for mine-affected communities: and 3. to enhance the capacity of YEMAC to conduct future assessments of socio-economic benefits from mine action; assess the community Landmine Impact Scores as a tool for identifying impact and determining priorities for action; advise on how to design and conduct on-going socio-economic surveys relating to ERW; advise on integrating social differentiation within LIS survey protocols, and advise on enhancements to YEMAC’s monitoring and evaluation system

SOME STUDIES ON ROOTING IN CASHEW (ANACARDIUM OCCIDENTALE LINN.) AIR LAYERS

ashew can be propagated by air layers but the extent of survival of the air layered plants in the field is limited (40 to 66 percent), probably because of the small number and brittle nature of the adventitious roots formed during propagation. Studies at U.W.I., St. Augustine, have shown that root initation in cashew air layers occurs in the callus which is formed at the wound and increasing the amount of callus increases the total number and length of roots formed. Callus, and consequently root formation, were increased by using two consecutive rings in the marcot, joined by a bridge of bark. However, when three rings were used callus formation, as well as root initiation and elongation, were reduced. Applying auxins, particularly IBA at 300 p.p.m. to the air layers increased root elongation but had no significant effect on root initiation