20,244 research outputs found
Electrostatic contribution to DNA condensation - application of 'energy minimization' in a simple model in strong Coulomb coupling regime
Bending of DNA from a straight rod to a circular form in presence of any of
the mono-, di-, tri- or tetravalent counterions has been simulated in strong
Coulomb coupling environment employing a previously developed energy
minimization simulation technique. The inherent characteristics of the
simulation technique allow monitoring the required electrostatic contribution
to the bending. The curvature of the bending has been found to play crucial
roles in facilitating electrostatic attractive potential energy. The total
electrostatic potential energy has been found to decrease with bending which
indicates that bending a straight DNA to a circular form or to a toroidal form
in presence of neutralizing counterions is energetically favorable and
practically is a spontaneous phenomenon
Unified Concept of Bottleneck
The term `bottleneck` has been extensively used in operations management literature. Management paradigms like the Theory of Constraints focus on the identification and exploitation of bottlenecks. Yet, we show that the term has not been rigorously defined. We provide a classification of bottleneck definitions available in literature and discuss several myths associated with the concept of bottleneck. The apparent diversity of definitions raises the question whether it is possible to have a single bottleneck definition which has as much applicability in high variety job shops as in mass production environments. The key to the formulation of an unified concept of bottleneck lies in relating the concept of bottleneck to the concept of shadow price of resources. We propose an universally applicable bottleneck definition based on the concept of average shadow price. We discuss the procedure for determination of bottleneck values for diverse production environments. The Law of Diminishing Returns is shown to be a sufficient but not necessary condition for the equivalence of the average and the marginal shadow price. The equivalence of these two prices is proved for several environments. Bottleneck identification is the first step in resource acquisition decisions faced by managers. The definition of bottleneck presented in the paper has the potential to not only reduce ambiguity regarding the meaning of the term but also open a new window to the formulation and analysis of a rich set of problems faced by managers.
Seasonal phenotype‐specific expression of microRNAs during metamorphosis in the European map butterfly Araschnia levana
Ferromagnetic ground state of the robust charge-ordered manganite Pr(0.5)Ca(0.5MnO(3)obtained by minimal Al-substitution
We show that minimal disturbance to the robust charge ordered
Pr(0.5)Ca(0.5)MnO(3) by 2.5% Al substitution on Mn-site drives the system
towards ferromagnetic ground state. The history-dependent coexisting phases
observed are explained as an outcome of a hindered first order transition with
glass like arrest of kinetics resulting in irreversibility. Consistent with a
simple phase diagram having ferromagnetic ground state, it is experimentally
shown that these coexisting phases are far from the equilibrium.Comment: This version is Accepted in Physical Review
Precise Variational Calculation For The Doubly Excited State (2p^2)^3P^e of Helium
Highly precise variational calculations of non-relativistic energies of the
(2p^2)^3P^e state of Helium atom are presented.We get an upper bound energy
E=-0.71050015565678 a.u.,the lowest yet obtained.Comment: 5 pages, 1 tabl
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