Impact of telecommunication technologies on the middle class formation

© Published under licence by IOP Publishing Ltd. The article is devoted to the study of the impact of the information economy on the formation of the middle class. The paper identifies factors contributing to the increase in the share of the middle class in the transition to the information economy. The positive synergetic influence of telecommunication technologies on the formation of the middle class is considered through a possibility of using virtual spaces for labor and educational activities, a possibility of obtaining high returns in the form of dividends on intellectual capital, a qualitative change in the structure of needs, an access to new types of information services, etc. Authors develop a complex model of research of the middle class in the information economy, differing from those available using an expanded list of criteria. In addition to such widely used criteria as income level, level of education and self-identification, the criterion degree of involvement in the information society was introduced. The study substantiates that the transition to the information economy made an access to information and communication technologies one of the most significant criteria for social differentiation of society. On the basis of the model, an econometric estimate of the middle class has been carried out, which makes it possible to reveal the share of the middle class in modern society, dynamics of its development, as well as multicollinearity between spending on education, the Gini coefficient, access to information and telecommunication technologies and the size of the middle class

Relationship between the international universities rankings and indexes of a country's innovation development

© 2018 Institute of Physics Publishing. All rights reserved. Currently, the global economy is experiencing a global innovation gap, representing a set of significant disparities in the innovative development of individual countries. The global innovation gap is a consequence of a number of objective phenomena and processes taking place in different countries and regions. The study of the nature of the innovation gap implies the study of specific problems in the innovative development of countries, as well as the search for ways to solve them. This article examines the relationship between the global innovation index and the positions of national universities in international rankings. We have chosen a group of countries (developed, developing and transition economies) and their universities which ranked best in international rankings. The sample consisted of 24 countries, the university's rating was chosen as the dependent variable, and the country's rating on the global innovation index was selected as an independent variable. After the calculations, the linear pair correlation coefficient was set equal to 0.913, which indicates a high level of coupling between the variables. The coefficient of determination indicates that in 83.35% of cases the changes in x lead to a change in y. In other words, the accuracy of selecting the regression equation is high. The remaining 16.65% change in Y is due to factors not taken into account in the model (as well as by specification errors). The conducted studies confirmed the connection between the quality of education, the research sector of universities and the level of innovative development of countries. This made it possible to propose a set of measures to strengthen the positions of national universities in international rankings and increase their contribution to the transition of the Russian economy to an innovative development path

The impact of corruption on the sustainable development of human capital

© Published under licence by IOP Publishing Ltd.The article explains the use of the human capital sustainable development index (HCSDI) to assess the quality of the reproduction of human capital. The paper provides the algorithm for calculating HCSDI and its components. Authors estimated cross-country differences of HCSDI and developed econometric model of the impact of corruption on HCSDI. The use of this model has allowed to reveal the mechanism and assess the impact of corruption on HCSDI and its components. The results of econometric analysis revealed a negative multiplier effect: an increase in the corruption of the socio-economic system of the state by 1% caused HCSDI reduce by more than 1%. The results and conclusions may be proxy-assessments of the socio-economic consequences of violations of the stability of reproduction of human capital in the conditions of the growth of corruption in the country

Issues on increasing efficiency of agricultural business in the Republic of Tatarstan

© 2019, Dorma Journals. All rights reserved. The relevance of the paper’s topic is due to the need to search for new directions to increase the efficiency of the activities of agrarian business entities, to analyse the reasons and factors hindering their development in the modern economic situation. The purpose of the paper is to summarize the results of activities, systematise the problems in the effective development of agricultural business entities and develop recommendations for organizing their effective production and economic activities. The subject of the study is the organizational and economic mechanism of control over the economic efficiency of agricultural organizations. The novelty of the research is to identify trends in the formation and development of agricultural business and to develop directions for improving the organizational and economic mechanism intended for improving the competitiveness of economic entities in the regional agribusiness. The main outputs of the authors’ study are the following: results of a practical analysis concerning the effectiveness of the activities of agricultural business entities are presented; the current trends, problems and prospects for their progressive development are identified; the main directions for improving the efficiency of the agricultural sector of the economy in the Republic of Tatarstan are identified. The theoretical provisions and practical recommendations proposed in the paper can be applied in the process of scientific applied research on the problems of agricultural business development, with the scientific substantiation of the main directions, methods and mechanisms for implementing the state agro-food policy

Issues on increasing efficiency of agricultural business in the Republic of Tatarstan

© 2019, Dorma Journals. All rights reserved. The relevance of the paper’s topic is due to the need to search for new directions to increase the efficiency of the activities of agrarian business entities, to analyse the reasons and factors hindering their development in the modern economic situation. The purpose of the paper is to summarize the results of activities, systematise the problems in the effective development of agricultural business entities and develop recommendations for organizing their effective production and economic activities. The subject of the study is the organizational and economic mechanism of control over the economic efficiency of agricultural organizations. The novelty of the research is to identify trends in the formation and development of agricultural business and to develop directions for improving the organizational and economic mechanism intended for improving the competitiveness of economic entities in the regional agribusiness. The main outputs of the authors’ study are the following: results of a practical analysis concerning the effectiveness of the activities of agricultural business entities are presented; the current trends, problems and prospects for their progressive development are identified; the main directions for improving the efficiency of the agricultural sector of the economy in the Republic of Tatarstan are identified. The theoretical provisions and practical recommendations proposed in the paper can be applied in the process of scientific applied research on the problems of agricultural business development, with the scientific substantiation of the main directions, methods and mechanisms for implementing the state agro-food policy

The impact of corruption on the sustainable development of human capital

© Published under licence by IOP Publishing Ltd.The article explains the use of the human capital sustainable development index (HCSDI) to assess the quality of the reproduction of human capital. The paper provides the algorithm for calculating HCSDI and its components. Authors estimated cross-country differences of HCSDI and developed econometric model of the impact of corruption on HCSDI. The use of this model has allowed to reveal the mechanism and assess the impact of corruption on HCSDI and its components. The results of econometric analysis revealed a negative multiplier effect: an increase in the corruption of the socio-economic system of the state by 1% caused HCSDI reduce by more than 1%. The results and conclusions may be proxy-assessments of the socio-economic consequences of violations of the stability of reproduction of human capital in the conditions of the growth of corruption in the country

The impact of corruption on the sustainable development of human capital

© Published under licence by IOP Publishing Ltd.The article explains the use of the human capital sustainable development index (HCSDI) to assess the quality of the reproduction of human capital. The paper provides the algorithm for calculating HCSDI and its components. Authors estimated cross-country differences of HCSDI and developed econometric model of the impact of corruption on HCSDI. The use of this model has allowed to reveal the mechanism and assess the impact of corruption on HCSDI and its components. The results of econometric analysis revealed a negative multiplier effect: an increase in the corruption of the socio-economic system of the state by 1% caused HCSDI reduce by more than 1%. The results and conclusions may be proxy-assessments of the socio-economic consequences of violations of the stability of reproduction of human capital in the conditions of the growth of corruption in the country

Impact of telecommunication technologies on the middle class formation

© Published under licence by IOP Publishing Ltd. The article is devoted to the study of the impact of the information economy on the formation of the middle class. The paper identifies factors contributing to the increase in the share of the middle class in the transition to the information economy. The positive synergetic influence of telecommunication technologies on the formation of the middle class is considered through a possibility of using virtual spaces for labor and educational activities, a possibility of obtaining high returns in the form of dividends on intellectual capital, a qualitative change in the structure of needs, an access to new types of information services, etc. Authors develop a complex model of research of the middle class in the information economy, differing from those available using an expanded list of criteria. In addition to such widely used criteria as income level, level of education and self-identification, the criterion degree of involvement in the information society was introduced. The study substantiates that the transition to the information economy made an access to information and communication technologies one of the most significant criteria for social differentiation of society. On the basis of the model, an econometric estimate of the middle class has been carried out, which makes it possible to reveal the share of the middle class in modern society, dynamics of its development, as well as multicollinearity between spending on education, the Gini coefficient, access to information and telecommunication technologies and the size of the middle class

Priority areas of development of agricultural entrepreneurship in the regions of the Russian Federation

© 2019, Research Trend. All rights reserved. The relevance of the topic of the article is caused by the need to develop a system of entrepreneurship in the agricultural sector of the economy in the face of new challenges of the external economic environment. The aim of this paper is to develop recommendations for optimizing the directions of the state agrarian policy in the field of rural entrepreneurship development based on an analysis of the current situation and identification of agricultural development trends in Russia and its regions. The subject of the study is the economic and social relations that arise in the process of conducting entrepreneurial activities of agricultural organizations in modern socio-economic and political conditions. The novelty of the study is to identify trends in the formation and development of agricultural entrepreneurship in the regions of Russia and to develop directions for improving the organization of effective agricultural entrepreneurship in the Republic of Tatarstan. The main results of the study the results of an analysis of the effectiveness of agricultural entrepreneurship are presented, trends, problems and prospects for its development are identified, priority areas for improving the organization of entrepreneurial activity in agriculture of the Republic of Tatarstan are identified. The theoretical provisions and practical recommendations proposed in the article can be applied in the process of scientific research on the problems of developing entrepreneurial activity in agriculture, with the scientific substantiation of the main directions, methods and mechanisms for implementing the state agri-food policy

Time-course of human cholinesterases-catalyzed competing substrate kinetics

© 2019 Elsevier B.V. Competing substrate kinetic analysis of human butyrylcholinesterase (BChE) and acetylcholinesterase (AChE) from the time-course of enzyme-catalyzed substrate hydrolysis, using spectrophotometric assays is described. This study is based on the use of a chromogenic reporter “visible” substrate (substrate A), whose complete hydrolysis time course is retarded by a competing “invisible” substrate (substrate B). For BChE, four visible substrates were used, two thiocholine esters, benzoylthiocholine and butyrylthiocholine, and two aryl-acylamides, o-nitro trifluoro acetaminide and 3-(acetamido)-N,N,N-trimethylanilinium. Three different competing invisible substrates were used, phenyl acetate, acetylcholine and butyrylcholine. For AChE, two visible substrates were used, acetylthiocholine and 3-(acetamido)-N,N,N-trimethylanilinium. For AChE, acetylcholine was competing with visible substrates. The ratio (R) of bimolecular rate constants, kcat/Km, for all couples of substrates, invisible/visible (B/A) covered all possible limit situations, R ≪ 1, R ≈ 1 and R ≫ 1. The kinetic approach, based on the method developed by Golicnik and Masson allowed determination of binding and catalytic parameters of cholinesterases for both visible and invisible substrates. This analysis was applied to michaelian and non-michaelian catalytic behaviors (activation and inhibition by excess substrate). Reevaluation of catalytic parameters obtained for acetylcholine and butyrylcholine more than 50 years ago was made. The method is fast, reliable, and particularly suitable for poorly soluble substrates and for substrates B when no direct spectrophotometric assays exist. Moreover, replacing substrate B by a reversible inhibitor, mechanism of cholinesterase inhibition was possible to study. It is therefore, useful for screening libraries of new substrates and inhibitors, and/or screening of new cholinesterase mutants. This method can be applied to any other enzymes