Behaviour of steel fibre reinforced concrete under cyclic compressive loading

An experimental study was carried out to investigate the behaviour of steel fibre reinforced concrete under cyclic compressive loading. Cylindrical specimens containing two volume fractions (one percent and two percent) of steel fibres and plain concrete specimens were tested under uniaxial monotonic and cyclic compressive loading to establish the stress-strain envelope curve, locus of common points and stability points. An analytical expression is established to represent these curves for SFRC. It was also observed that the permissible stress level depends on the plastic strain present in the material. The plastic strain curves are presented and a general form of second order equation is proposed to represent these curves

Animal Detection Using Histogram Oriented Gradient

Animal detection are useful for many real life applications. Animal detection methods are useful on research related identification of targeted animal and also prevented wild life animal intrusion in residential area. The animal detection becoming important is sue because of the accidents occurring in the residential area. For preventing this issue, the AHDS system is proposed. The system consists animal detection using HOOG - [Haar of Oriented Gradients]. The HOOG is used for extracting the shape and texture features separately and combined those features using joint Learning approach for animal detection. After combining the shape and texture feature, two detection algorithms h ave been used for identifying the animals

The Cambridge post-mastectomy radiotherapy (C-PMRT) index : a practical tool for patient selection

BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE: Post mastectomy radiotherapy (PMRT) reduces loco-regional recurrence (LRR) and has been associated with survival benefit. It is recommended for patients with T3/T4 tumours and/or ⩾ 4 positive lymph nodes (LN). The role of PMRT in 1-3 positive LN and LN negative patients is contentious. The C-PMRT index has been designed for selecting PMRT patients, using independent prognostic factors for LRR. This study reports a 10 year experience using this index. MATERIALS AND METHODS: The C-PMRT index was constructed using the following prognostic factors (a) number of positive LN/lymphovascular invasion, (b) tumour size (c) margin status and (d) tumour grade. Patients were categorised as high (H) risk, intermediate (I) risk and low (L) risk. PMRT was recommended for H and I risk patients. The LRR, distant metastasis and overall survival (OS) rates were measured from the day of mastectomy. RESULTS: From 1999 to 2009, 898 invasive breast cancers in 883 patients were treated by mastectomy (H: 323, I: 231 and L: 344). At a median follow up of 5.2 years, 4.7% (42/898) developed LRR. The 5-year actuarial LRR rates were 6%, 2% and 2% for the H, I and L risk groups, respectively. 1.6% (14/898) developed isolated LRR (H risk n = 4, I risk group n = 0 and L risk n = 10). The 5-year actuarial overall survival rates were 67%, 77% and 90% for H, I and L risk groups, respectively. CONCLUSION: Based on published literature, one would have expected a higher LRR rate in the I risk group without adjuvant RT. We hypothesise that the I risk group LRR rates have been reduced to that of the L risk group by the addition of RT. Apart from LN status and tumour size, other prognostic factors should also be considered in selecting patients for PMRT. This pragmatic tool requires further validation

Ethyl 2-[(Z)-3-chloro­benzyl­idene]-7-methyl-3-oxo-5-phenyl-2,3-dihydro-5H-1,3-thia­zolo[3,2-a]pyrimidine-6-carboxyl­ate

In the title compound, C23H19ClN2O3S, the central pyrimidine ring is significantly puckered, assuming almost a screw boat conformation. In addition to the usual inter­molecular C—H⋯O hydrogen bonding, short intra­molecular C—H⋯S contacts and π–π stacking inter­actions [centroid–centroid distance = 3.762 (2) Å] contribute to the crystal packing

Effect of residual extensibility of polyester filament yarn on low-stress mechanical properties of fabric

Polyester multifilament yarns having residual extensibility 6.31, 12.50, 18.75, 24.20 and 30.21 % have been manufactured with nearly identical filament and yarn linear density. All filaments yarns are then converted to fabric of nearly same areal density. As the residual extensibility of yarn increases, the bending rigidity of corresponding fabric decreases. The coefficient of friction of fabric samples is higher at both too high and too low residual extensibility but it is found least at 18.75% residual extensibility. Too low and too high residual extensibility is not suitable to produce smooth fabric surface and hence fine optimization of residual extensibility is required. The fabric sample consisting of yarns of 18.75 % residual extensibility shows the maximum total hand value of 4.54, which can be considered excellent for ladies thin dress application on 0-5 scale

PHARMACEUTICAL STANDARDIZATION OF ASTERCANTHA LONGIFOLIA KSHARA

Objective: The present study was aimed for establishment of SMP (standard manufacturing procedure) of Astercantha longifolia (A. longifolia) kshara and to develop its quality control parameter. Methods: The kshara was prepared as per the AFI (Ayurvedic Formulary of India) guideline and for the purpose of standardization three batches were prepared and its mean and standard deviation was calculated. Results: In the present study it was discovered that the average percentage yield of 3 batches of A. longifolia kshara obtained from a completely dried whole plant 0.81% w/w. Physico-chemical analysis of powder showed foreign matter to be less than 1% w/w, loss on drying 27.5 % w/w, total ash less than 9%, acid insoluble ash to be less than 1%, water soluble extractive value and alcohol soluble extractive value as 10.78% w/w and 5.45 % w/w respectively and pH to be 7.3 which is in accordance with quality standards to be preserved, also Physico-chemical parameters applied to kshara reveals loss on drying as 13.35% w/w and pH to be slightly basic in nature i.e., 7.93. Conclusion: Many references in the classics are mentioned regarding the preparation of kshara; however, as per the findings of the present study, it might be concluded that this method is the standard method to get the maximum yield of A. longifolia kshara

Internet: A place for patent retrieval

Countries design patent laws according to their respective economic interest. Before one files intellectual property one should know the regimes under which his intellectual property is placed. Intellectual properties are always of intense debate. The basic reason for the controversies is due tolack of transdisciplinary approaches to address patent concepts. In this present mini-review, we are presenting some web links that will help any researcher to get acquainted with the rules and regulationof filling an intellectual property of some countries as internet is now viewed as the place form where retrieval of information is possible with in second

A Rapid, Stability Indicating RP-UPLC Method for Simultaneous Determination of Ambroxol Hydrochloride, Cetirizine Hydrochloride and Antimicrobial Preservatives in Liquid Pharmaceutical Formulation

A stability indicating reversed phase ultra performance liquid chromatography (RP-UPLC) method was developed for simultaneous determination of ambroxol hydrochloride (AMB), cetirizine hydrochloride (CTZ), methylparaben (MP) and propylparaben (PP) in liquid pharmaceutical formulation. The desired chromatographic separation was achieved on an Agilent Eclipse plus C18, 1.8 μm (50 × 2.1 mm) column using gradient elution at 237 nm detector wavelength. The optimized mobile phase consists of a mixture of 0.01 M phosphate buffer and 0.1 % triethylamine as a solvent-A and acetonitrile as a solvent-B. The developed method separates AMB, CTZ, MP and PP in presence of twelve known impurities/degradation products and one unknown degradation product within 3.5 min. Stability indicating capability was established by forced degradation experiments and seperation of known and unknown degradation products. The lower limit of quantification was established for AMB, CTZ, MP and PP. The developed RP-UPLC method was validated according to the International Conference on Harmonization (ICH) guidelines. This validated method is applied for simultaneous estimation of AMB, CTZ, MP and PP in commercially available syrup samples. Further, the method can be extended for estimation of AMB, CTZ, MP, PP and levo-cetirizine (LCTZ) in various commercially available dosage forms

ASSESSMENT OF IMMUNOMODULATORY POTENTIAL OF AN AYURVEDIC FORMULATION, NIROCIL SYRUP IN WISTAR RATS

Objective: This study aims to assess the immunomodulatory potential of an Ayurvedic formulation, Nirocil syrup, in Wistar rats. Methods: The experiments were conducted on Wistar rats with prior approval from the Institutional Animal Ethics Committee. Nirocil syrup was administered for 6 weeks to experimental animals. Parameters such as hemagglutination titer, histopathology of immunological organs, complete blood count, differential leukocyte count, and immunological paw edema were recorded and compared with controlled (untreated) and becozinc treated groups. Results: Nirocil treated group significantly enhanced the antibody titer in comparison to the control group. The results are supported by the increase in blood lymphocyte count and antigenic stimulation in immunological organs (spleen). Nirocil syrup enhanced antibody formation and suppressed the immunological edema in experimental animals. Conclusions: The study concludes that the Ayurvedic formulation Nirocil syrup has immunopotentiating activity