NUTRITIONAL STATUS OF THE PRESCHOOL AGE CHILDREN FROM BOSNIAN NORTHWESTERN CANTON

Nepravilna prehrana u najranijoj dobi faktor je utjecaja na moguću pojavu pretilosti, dijabetesa, ateroskleroze ili bolesti kardiovaskularnog sistema u kasnijoj dobi života. Kako su ova oboljenja postala najveći zdravstveni problem svijeta, a sve su zastupljenija kod mlađih uzrasta, vrlo je važno pratiti stanje uhranjenosti kroz razdoblja intenzivnog rasta i razvoja djece. U tu svrhu koriste se antropometrijske metode koje su pored sagledavanja stanja i prikladnosti procesa rasta i razvoja, važne za procjenu rizika za zdravlje u kasnijoj dobi života. Cilj ovoga rada bio je mjerenjem tjelesne mase (TM) i tjelesne visine (TV) te izračunavanjem indeksa mase tijela (ITM) te percentila indeksa tjelesne mase (%ITM) procijeniti stanje uhranjenosti djece predškolskog uzrasta koja pohađaju vrtiće u općinama Unsko sanskog kantona (USK-a) (Bosna i Hercegovina), kroz 2 godine istraživanja (2014. i 2015.). Istraživanje je obuhvatilo 356 djece u dobi od 2 do 6 godina, od toga 55,4 % dječaka 44,6 % djevojčica. Djevojčice su prosječno rasle nešto više (5,25 cm/god.) u odnosu na dječake (4,0 cm/god.), ali rast nije bio praćen odgovarajućim povećanjem tjelesne mase koji je godišnje prosječno iznosio 2,1 kg za djevojčice i 1,9 kg za dječake i u oba slučaja niži je u odnosu na normalni rast i razvoj. To je rezultiralo visokim udjelom djece u kategorijama pothranjenih ili rizika od pothranjenosti (21,5 %) i zabrinjavajuće niskim udjelom normalno uhranjene djece (45,7 %). Prekomjerno uhranjene i pretile djece bilo je 32,6 % što je niži udio u usporedbi sa zemljama u okruženju, međutim visok je i obavezuje na potrebu stalnog praćenja stanja uhranjenosti i uvođenje preventivnih programa edukacije u predškolski sistem.Improper nutrition at an early age is an impact factor for the possible occurrence of obesity, diabetes, atherosclerosis or cardiovascular diseases in later years. As these diseases have become world’s biggest health problem, and are becoming more prevalent in children, it is very important to monitor the nutritional status during the period of intense growth and development of children. For this purpose, anthropometric methods - which in addition to examining the current situation and the appropriateness of the process of growth and development, are important to assess the risk for health in later years – are used. The aim of this study was to assess the nutritional status of preschool children attending kindergartens in the municipalities of Una Sana Canton (Bosnia and Herzegovina) during two years of research (2014 and 2015) by measuring their body weight (BW) and height (H), and calculating body mass index (BMI) and body mass index percentage (BMI%). The study included 356 children, aged 2-6 years, of which 55.4% were boys, and 44.6% girls. The girls grew slightly more on average (5.25 cm/yr) than the boys (4.0 cm/yr), but the growth was not accompanied by a corresponding increase in body mass, which averaged 2.1 kg per year for the girls and 1.9 kg for the boys and in both cases was lower than the normal growth and development. This resulted in a high percentage of children in the categories of underweight or risk of malnutrition (21.5%) and in disturbingly low percentage of normal weight children (45.7%). The percentage of overweight and obese children was 32.6%, which is a lower share compared to the neighboring countries. However, it is still high and requires the need for both the constant monitoring of nutritional status and the introduction of preventive education programs in pre-school system

Antioksidativni učinak fenolnih tvari u ekstraktima pitomog kestena (Castanea sativa Mill.)

Using electron paramagnetic resonance (EPR) spectroscopy, antioxidant properties of chestnut extracts have been investigated as a source of phenolic compounds. In addition to their high antioxidant activities against hydroxyl and organic free (DPPH) radicals, phenolics showed to be potent protectors of membranes from lipid peroxidation. To the best of our knowledge, the ability of an antioxidant to overcome body’s refractory response towards antioxidant supplementation has been examined for the first time. The water soluble extracts obtained from leaves, catkins, and outer brown peel of Castanea sativa Mill. showed high antioxidant activity in scavenging ·OH and DPPH radical. All extracts, except for sweet chestnut catkins, showed the ability to protect liposomes from peroxidation. Phenolic compounds, as active antioxidants, have the ability to enter and protect cell membranes from lipid peroxidation, thus overcoming the body’s refractory response to the antioxidant supplements in the diet. It is shown that phenolics are easily accessible natural antioxidants that can be used as food supplements or for the treatment of pathophysiological conditions related to oxidative stress.Primjenom elektronske paramagnetske rezonantne spektroskopije ispitana su antioksidativna svojstva ekstrakata kestena kao izvora fenolnih spojeva. Osim velikog antioksidativnog učinka na hidroksilne i DPPH radikale, fenolne tvari imaju i sposobnost zaštite staničnih membrana od lipidne peroksidacije. Prema spoznajama autora, po prvi je put ispitana sposobnost antioksidansa da bi se nadvladao tzv. refraktorni odgovor organizma na dijetetske antioksidativne suplemente. U vodi otopljeni ekstrakti lišća, rese i vanjske smeđe kore pitomog kestena (Castanea sativa Mill) imaju veliku sposobnost uklanjanja ·OH i DPPH radikala. Svi ekstrakti, osim ekstrakta resa kestena, sposobni su zaštititi liposome od peroksidacije. Ugradnjom fenolnih spojeva, kao aktivnih antioksidansa, u lipidni dvosloj stanične membrane sprečava se lipidna peroksidacija, čime se može nadvladati tzv. refraktorni odgovor organizma pri dodavanju antioksidativnih suplemenata hrani. Može se zaključiti da su fenolni spojevi lako dostupni prirodni antioksidansi koji bi mogli poslužiti kao dodatak prehrani i sredstvo za ublažavanje posljedica oksidativnog stresa

Utjecaj predtretmana sušenja na pojavnost i količinu mikotoksina u suhim smokvama

The aim of this explorative study was to investigate how effective drying preservation methods are in reducing mycotoxin content in figs. Dried autochthonous varieties of white and dark figs (Petrovača Bijela and Šaraguja, respectively) were analysed for mycotoxins using an LC-MS/MS “dilute and shoot” method capable of determining 295 fungal and bacterial secondary metabolites. Before drying in a cabinet dryer the figs were preserved with 0.5 % citric acid solution or 0.5 % ascorbic acid solution or 0.3 % L–cysteine solution or 0.2 % chestnut extract solution or 0.15 % Echinacea extract solution by immersion. We found nine metabolites: aflatoxin B1 (AFB1), ochratoxin A, ochratoxin alpha, kojic acid, emodin, altenuene, alternariol methyl ether, brevianamide F, and tryptophol. The most efficient preserver was L-cysteine (15 % reduction), while ascorbic acid favoured mycotoxin production (158 % increase). However, all pretreatment solutions reduced AFB1, which is a major fig contaminant.Za određivanje pojavnosti mikotoksina u osušenim autohtonim sortama bijelih i tamnih smokava petrovača bijela i šaraguja korištena je metoda LC-MS / MS “razrijedi i mjeri”, kojom je moguće analizirati 295 gljivičnih i bakterijskih sekundarnih metabolita. Smokve su sušene u pilot-pogonu uz korištenje različitih predtretmana za održavanje sušenog voća: uranjanje u 0,5 %-tnu otopinu limunske kiseline, 0,5 %-tnu otopinu askorbinske kiseline, 0,3 %-tnu otopinu L-cisteina, 0,2 %-tnu otopinu ekstrakta kestena i 0,15 %-tnu otopinu ekstrakta Echinaceae. Ovim se istraživanjem otkrilo devet različitih metabolita u koncentracijama iznad njihove granice detekcije: aflatoksin B1, okratoksin A, okratoxin α, kojična kiselina, emodin, altenuen, alternariolmetileter, brevianamid F i triptofol. Sveukupno, najbolji antimikotoksigenski učinak postignut je predtretmanom s L-cisteinom (prosječno smanjenje od 15 %), a tretman s askorbinskom kiselinom pokazao je najveći učinak na indukciju mikotoksina (povećanje od 158 %). Svi predtretmani smanjili su koncentracije aflatoksina, glavnog kontaminanta smokava

Influence of extraction type on the total phenolics, total flavonoids and total colour change of different varieties of fig extracts

The study examined the influence of ultrasound-assisted extraction and solid-liquid extraction with 80% of aqueous ethanol solution on the total phenolics, total flavonoids and total colour change of extracts from five different varieties of figs (Bjelica, Termenjača, Crnica, Bružetka bijela and Šaraguja). The total phenolic content was determined by using Folin Ciocalteau assay. The content of total flavonoids was measured spectrophotometrically by using the aluminium chloride colourimetric assay. Colour changes were obtained by chromameter CR-400 (Minolta) in L*a*b* colour model. Ultrasound-assisted extraction showed highest total phenolic content (up to 13.72%) and total flavonoid content (up to 18.55%) compared to classic solid-liquid extraction. According to given results total colour changes of extracts were reduced (up to 32.1%) applying ultrasound. Significant difference was found between the total phenolic and total flavonoid content according to different varieties of fig

Antioksidativni učinak fenolnih tvari u ekstraktima pitomog kestena (Castanea sativa Mill.)

Using electron paramagnetic resonance (EPR) spectroscopy, antioxidant properties of chestnut extracts have been investigated as a source of phenolic compounds. In addition to their high antioxidant activities against hydroxyl and organic free (DPPH) radicals, phenolics showed to be potent protectors of membranes from lipid peroxidation. To the best of our knowledge, the ability of an antioxidant to overcome body’s refractory response towards antioxidant supplementation has been examined for the first time. The water soluble extracts obtained from leaves, catkins, and outer brown peel of Castanea sativa Mill. showed high antioxidant activity in scavenging ·OH and DPPH radical. All extracts, except for sweet chestnut catkins, showed the ability to protect liposomes from peroxidation. Phenolic compounds, as active antioxidants, have the ability to enter and protect cell membranes from lipid peroxidation, thus overcoming the body’s refractory response to the antioxidant supplements in the diet. It is shown that phenolics are easily accessible natural antioxidants that can be used as food supplements or for the treatment of pathophysiological conditions related to oxidative stress.Primjenom elektronske paramagnetske rezonantne spektroskopije ispitana su antioksidativna svojstva ekstrakata kestena kao izvora fenolnih spojeva. Osim velikog antioksidativnog učinka na hidroksilne i DPPH radikale, fenolne tvari imaju i sposobnost zaštite staničnih membrana od lipidne peroksidacije. Prema spoznajama autora, po prvi je put ispitana sposobnost antioksidansa da bi se nadvladao tzv. refraktorni odgovor organizma na dijetetske antioksidativne suplemente. U vodi otopljeni ekstrakti lišća, rese i vanjske smeđe kore pitomog kestena (Castanea sativa Mill) imaju veliku sposobnost uklanjanja ·OH i DPPH radikala. Svi ekstrakti, osim ekstrakta resa kestena, sposobni su zaštititi liposome od peroksidacije. Ugradnjom fenolnih spojeva, kao aktivnih antioksidansa, u lipidni dvosloj stanične membrane sprečava se lipidna peroksidacija, čime se može nadvladati tzv. refraktorni odgovor organizma pri dodavanju antioksidativnih suplemenata hrani. Može se zaključiti da su fenolni spojevi lako dostupni prirodni antioksidansi koji bi mogli poslužiti kao dodatak prehrani i sredstvo za ublažavanje posljedica oksidativnog stresa

Influence of extraction type on the total phenolics, total flavonoids and total colour change of different varieties of fig extracts

The study examined the influence of ultrasound-assisted extraction and solid-liquid extraction with 80% of aqueous ethanol solution on the total phenolics, total flavonoids and total colour change of extracts from five different varieties of figs (Bjelica, Termenjača, Crnica, Bružetka bijela and Šaraguja). The total phenolic content was determined by using Folin Ciocalteau assay. The content of total flavonoids was measured spectrophotometrically by using the aluminium chloride colourimetric assay. Colour changes were obtained by chromameter CR-400 (Minolta) in L*a*b* colour model. Ultrasound-assisted extraction showed highest total phenolic content (up to 13.72%) and total flavonoid content (up to 18.55%) compared to classic solid-liquid extraction. According to given results total colour changes of extracts were reduced (up to 32.1%) applying ultrasound. Significant difference was found between the total phenolic and total flavonoid content according to different varieties of fig

Phenolic Compounds in Olive Leaf Extract as a Source of Useful Antioxidants

Using electron paramagnetic resonance (EPR) spectroscopy, antioxidant properties of olive leaves extracts obtained of three autochthonous olive varieties grown in Istria, Buža, Istarska bjelica and Rosinjola have been investigated. The highest content of total phenolic compounds ((57.6 ± 0.1) mg quercetin equivalents/g of dry extract) was obtained for extract of Buža. The analysis of chemical composition of extracts was performed by HPLC/DAD and LC/MS method. Futhermore, Buža has shown the highest antioxidant activity in scavenging DPPH radical (AA=80.0 ± 3.0%), followed by extracts of Rosinjola and Istarska bjelica. In DPPH radical scavenging assay fi nal concentration of extracts in was 0.1 mg/mL. Antioxidant activity was in good correlation with total phenolics. It seems that these bioproducts could be useful in therapy of conditions related with oxidative stress. The results have indicated a high potential of application of olive leaf and olive leaf extract in foodstuff and food additive. Also, it can be used to improve the shelf life of foods and to develop functional foods

The protective effect of a mix of Lactarius deterrimus and Castanea sativa extracts on streptozotocin-induced oxidative stress and pancreatic β-cell death

Pancreatic β-cell death or dysfunction mediated by oxidative stress underlies the development and progression of diabetes mellitus. In the present study, we tested extracts from the edible mushroom Lactarius deterrimus and the chestnut Castanea sativa, as well as their mixture (MIX Ld/Cs), for potential beneficial effects on streptozotocin (STZ)-induced pancreatic β-cell death. Analysis of chelating effects, reducing power and radical-scavenging assays revealed strong antioxidant effects of the C. sativa extract and MIX Ld/Cs, while the L. deterrimus extract displayed a weak to moderate effect. The antioxidative effect of the chestnut extract corresponds with the high content of phenolics and flavonoids identified by HPLC analysis. In contrast, the mushroom extract contains relatively small amounts of phenols and flavonoids. However, both extracts, and especially their combination MIX Ld/Cs, increased cell viability after the STZ treatment as a result of a significant reduction of DNA damage and improved redox status. The chestnut extract and MIX Ld/Cs significantly lowered the STZ-induced increases in superoxide dismutase and catalase activities, while the mushroom extract had no impact on the activities of these antioxidant enzymes. However, the L. deterrimus extract exhibited good NO-scavenging activity. Different mechanisms that underlie antioxidant effects of the mushroom and chestnut extracts were discussed. When combined as in the MIX Ld/Cs, the extracts exhibited diverse but synergistic actions that ultimately exerted beneficial and protective effects against STZ-induced pancreatic β-cell death

With food to health : proceedings of the 10th International scientific and professional conference

Proceedings contains 13 original scientific papers, 10 professional papers and 2 review papers which were presented at "10th International Scientific and Professional Conference WITH FOOD TO HEALTH", organised in following sections: Nutrition, Dietetics and diet therapy, Functional food and food supplemnents, Food safety, Food analysis, Production of safe food and food with added nutritional value

MEAL ENERGY, CONTENT OF PROTEINS AND THEIR INFLUENCE ON TURKEY HENS BREEDING PROPERTIES

Four groups, each containing 30 turkey hens (35 weeks old) – big white Johnson hybrids, were used for the research of the relation between raw proteins and metabolic energy in the meal, and their influence on the turkey hens’ breeding properties (egg-laying capacity, egg weight, fodder consumption on 1kg of eggs, egg-hatching capacity, and one-day-old turkey weight). The 2x2 schedule factorial of the procedure consisted of two levels of raw proteins (14 and 18%) and two levels of metabolic energy (9,66 and 13,86 MJ/kg of a meal).\ud The best average results were found in the 3rd group fed with 18% of raw proteins and 9,66 MJ/kg of metabolic energy in the meal: egg-laying capacity (57,7%), egg weight (91,1g), fodder consumption on a kilo of egg-mass (4,9kg), egg-hatching capacity (80,5%) and one-day-old turkey weight (60,4g).\ud \ud Keywords: protein, energy, egg weight, hatchin