Analisis Yuridis Penerbitan Surat Perintah Penghentian Penuntutan oleh Kejaksaan Dikaitkan dengan Asas Oportunitas dan Undang-undang No 16 Tahun 2004 Tentang Kejaksaan RI

Prosecutors acting prosecuting a person suspected of committing crimes is based on Article 8 paragraph (2) of Law No. 16 of 2004 on the Attorney RI. In prosecuting attorney acting for and on behalf of the State. To prosecute a person suspected of committing a crime, the prosecutor is allowed to waive the case in the public interest pursuant to Article 35 letter c. Law No. 16 of 2004 on the Attorney RI. On the other hand the prosecuting attorney must uphold the principle of equality before the law. Authority to waive the case prosecutor apparently misused by the Attorney on specific cases. For example: Case BLBI and Bibit-Chandra case. Setting principles and opportunity in the Code of Criminal Procedure Law. 16 Year 2004 on Indonesian Attorney can not give an explanation although expressly recognized the principle of opportunity. Criminal Procedure Code recognizes the principle of opportunity, however, the Criminal Code does not provide an explanation about this. While in Law. 16 of 2004 on the Attorney RI, the principle of opportunity provided for in Article 35 letter c as the authority of the Attorney General in the case of a waiver in the public interest. Regarding the public interest itself also still can cause a variety of different interpretations due to the Criminal Procedure Code and the Law. 16 Year 2004 on Indonesian Attorney formulate the common definition is too broad and should be returned or refer to the ideals of the law or of the nation as expressed in the preamble of the 1945 Constitution of the Republic of Indonesia. The results showed that: Should termination prosecution done really pay attention to grounds for termination of prosecution; Better regulation principles set opportunity in more detail and specific especially in providing the sense of "the public interest", and should provide limits understanding of the categories included in "the interests of general "

PENGARUH PENAMBAHAN FLYASH DAN SERBUK KACA TERHADAP KUAT TEKAN DAN ABSORPSI AIR PADA BETON

Ilmu teknologi beton yang berkembang kian pesat pada masa sekarang, terutama mengenai pembuatan beton mutu tinggi dengan menggunakan nilai FAS yang kecil, penggunaan bahan tambah (additive) dan admixture yang biaya pembuatannya cukup mahal, sehingga diperlukan penelitian- penelitian yang berkelanjutan agar diperoleh bahan- bahan baru sebagai alternatif pengganti untuk pembuatan beton mutu tinggi dengan menggunakan bahan bahan yang lebih murah serta tetap mempertahankan kualitas dan kekuatan beton itu sendiri. Beton yang keras yang baik adalah beton yang kuat, tahan lama, kedap air, tahan aus dan kembang susutnya kecil (Tjokrodimulyo 1996 : 2) Dalam penelitian ini, sebagai batasan masalah adalah pengujian kuat tekan dilakukan pada umur 14, dan 28 hari. Pengujian kuat tekan dilakukan untuk Beton Normal Fc’25 dan pada Beton normal yang telah ditambah flyash dengan variasi 6%, 8%, 10%, 12%, dan serbuk kaca 10%, Benda uji yang dibuat berbentuk silinder dengan ukuran (15 x 30) cm. Peneliti akan menggunakan sebanyak 45 sempel sebagai benda uji. dimana setiap variasi terdiri dari 3 sampel dengan penambahan flyash dan serbuk kaca dan 3 sampel untuk beton normal. Selain penguji kuat tekan beton, penelitian ini juga menguji absorpsi air atau penyerapan air yang dalam pengujian ini menggunakan umur beton 28 hari dan 42 hari dengan metode penimbangan per 2 hari sekali selama umur beton 28 hari dan 42 hari di suhu normal dan dilihat hasil persentase absorpsi tersebut, apakah beton normal lebih banyak penyerapan airnya dibandingkan dengan beton campuran flyash atau sebaliknya

Optimal synthesis of energy efficiency improvement for NGLS indirect sequence fractionation unit

Once natural gas liquids (NGLs) have been separated from natural gas stream, they are further separated into their component parts, or fractions, using a distillation process known as fractionation. Distillation is the primary separation process widely used in the natural gas processing. Although it has many advantages, the main drawback is its large energy requirement, which can significantly influence the overall plant profitability. Another question that needs to be answered here is there any systematic study and analysis to improve energy saving for the NGLs fractionation plant without having major modifications to the separation units, which is more practical to implement. The large energy requirement of these processes can be systematically reduced by determining the optimal sequence using driving force method. Therefore, the objective of this paper is to present the study and analysis of the energy saving improvement for the NGLs fractionation plant by using driving force method which will require only minor or less modifications to the separation units. Generally, the concept of driving force was applied in designing an energy efficient distillation column [Gani and Bek-Pedersen, 2004]. However, the concept has been extended its application in designing energy efficient distillation columns sequence [Mustafa et. al., 2014]. To perform the studies and analysis, the energy efficient NGLs fractionation plant methodology is developed. Basically, the methodology consists of four hierarchical steps. In the first step, the energy that is obtained from the base NGLs sequence will be used as guidance for the next step where the base NGLs sequence is developed from a simple and reliable short-cut method. In the second step, the energy efficiency in distillation column will be improved through driving force method where the optimum sequence will be determined in this step. In the third step, the optimum sequence was analyzed in term of energy analysis by using a simple and reliable shortcut method distillation column in Aspen HYSYS environment. In the final step, the comparison between the existing sequence and the optimum sequence by using driving force method will be done and at the same time the economic performance for the optimum sequence is also evaluated in this step. Then, the return of investment (ROI) will be calculated to make sure that the proposed modification to improve energy saving is practical. The capability of this methodology is tested in designing an optimal energy efficient distillation columns sequence of NGLs fractionation unit. The existing NGLs fractionation unit consists of nine compounds (methane, ethane, propane, i-butane, nbutane, i-pentane, n-pentane, n-hexane, n-heptane) with direct-splitter-direct sequence was simulated using a simple and reliable short-cut method within Aspen HYSYS environment. A total of 519.68 MW energy used to achieve 99.9% of product recovery. A new optimal sequence determined by driving force method was simulated using a short-cut method within Aspen HYSYS environment where a total of 376.60 MW of energy was used of the same product recovery. The results show that the maximum of 27.53 % energy reduction was able to achieve by changing the sequence suggested by the driving force method. It can be concluded that, the sequence determined by the driving force method is able to reduce energy used for NGLs fractionation. All of this findings show that the methodology is able to design energy efficient distillation columns for NGLs fractionation sequence in an easy, practical and systematic manner

Development of Bioinformatics Infrastructure for Genomics Research in H3Africa

Background: Although pockets of bioinformatics excellence have developed in Africa, generally, large-scale genomic data analysis has been limited by the availability of expertise and infrastructure. H3ABioNet, a pan-African bioinformatics network, was established to build capacity specifically to enable H3Africa (Human Heredity and Health in Africa) researchers to analyze their data in Africa. Since the inception of the H3Africa initiative, H3ABioNet’s role has evolved in response to changing needs from the consortium and the African bioinformatics community. Objectives: H3ABioNet set out to develop core bioinformatics infrastructure and capacity for genomics research in various aspects of data collection, transfer, storage, and analysis. Methods and Results: Various resources have been developed to address genomic data management and analysis needs of H3Africa researchers and other scientific communities on the continent. NetMap was developed and used to build an accurate picture of network performance within Africa and between Africa and the rest of the world, and Globus Online has been rolled out to facilitate data transfer. A participant recruitment database was developed to monitor participant enrollment, and data is being harmonized through the use of ontologies and controlled vocabularies. The standardized metadata will be integrated to provide a search facility for H3Africa data and biospecimens. Because H3Africa projects are generating large-scale genomic data, facilities for analysis and interpretation are critical. H3ABioNet is implementing several data analysis platforms that provide a large range of bioinformatics tools or workflows, such as Galaxy, the Job Management System, and eBiokits. A set of reproducible, portable, and cloud-scalable pipelines to support the multiple H3Africa data types are also being developed and dockerized to enable execution on multiple computing infrastructures. In addition, new tools have been developed for analysis of the uniquely divergent African data and for downstream interpretation of prioritized variants. To provide support for these and other bioinformatics queries, an online bioinformatics helpdesk backed by broad consortium expertise has been established. Further support is provided by means of various modes of bioinformatics training. Conclusions: For the past 4 years, the development of infrastructure support and human capacity through H3ABioNet, have significantly contributed to the establishment of African scientific networks, data analysis facilities, and training programs. Here, we describe the infrastructure and how it has affected genomics and bioinformatics research in Africa

Development of Bioinformatics Infrastructure for Genomics Research:

Although pockets of bioinformatics excellence have developed in Africa, generally, large-scale genomic data analysis has been limited by the availability of expertise and infrastructure. H3ABioNet, a pan-African bioinformatics network, was established to build capacity specifically to enable H3Africa (Human Heredity and Health in Africa) researchers to analyze their data in Africa. Since the inception of the H3Africa initiative, H3ABioNet's role has evolved in response to changing needs from the consortium and the African bioinformatics community

Economic Exploitation of Housemaids: Victims of Intimate Partner Violence

This study has two-fold purposes; first is to explore the partner violence on housemaids and second is their economic exploitation by their partner and at the workplace. Through analysis of interviews of the housemaid, it is explored that unemployment, drug addiction, ignorance of basic rights, poverty, illiteracy, financial crises are the main reasons of physical, psychological and sexual violence by the partner on housemaids. The economic exploitation of housemaids is due to the male-dominated society, gender discrimination and not predefined policy and rules about the wage rate in Pakistan. There is a need to per hour wage rate, proper reporting system against violence and empowerment of women in the society for the protection of their rights

Use Of Remote Sensing For Urban Impervious Surfaces: A Case Study Of Lahore

Impervious surfaces are manmade surfaces which are highly resistant to infiltration of water. Accurate and rapid classification of impervious surfaces would help in emergency management after extreme events like flooding, earthquakes and hurricanes, by providing quick estimates and updated maps for emergency response. The advances on remote sensing technology provide easier, faster and cost effective method to do adamage assessment. In this study, three different remote sensing techniques (Normalized difference built up index, Supervised Classification and Object based image analysis) was used to assess the current status of impervious surfaces in district Lahore. As Increasing population, new development in open lands and recreation areas, and growing towns all translate into increasing impervious surface areas across Lahore. Therefore, estimating and mapping impervious surface is significant to a range of issues and themes in environmental science central to global environmental change and human environment interactions. The datasets of impervious surfaces are valuable not only for environmental management, e.g., water quality assessment and storm water taxation but also for urban planning, e.g., building infrastructure and sustainable urban development

Engineering of the crystalline state towards a defective state of CeCoO3 perovskite for the OER process in alkaline medium

Perovskite oxides act as an efficient electrocatalyst, but their limited active surface area has made it challenging to enhance their electrocatalytic activity. Thus, researchers found that changing the crystalline surface to an amorphous surface having oxygen vacancy can create an enriched active zone. In this research, we adopt a top-down approach for the amorphization of the crystalline CeCoO3 nanostructure that creates crystal defects, producing materials with a higher specific surface area, potential electrocatalysis for oxygen evolution reaction (OER) and greater stability. The calculated overpotential (η) and Tafel slope for defective CoCO3 (D-CCO3) is 265 and 35.95 mV dec−1 very low as compared to the crystalline CoCO3 (C-CCO3, 384 and 76.11 mV dec−1). The electrochemical analysis also suggests that the defective CoCO3 (D-CCO) exhibited the 33.96 mF and ECSA of 849 cm2. The current research enables a valuable approach for improving and changing the material properties and electrochemical efficiency of nanoscale perovskite oxide electrocatalysts attributed to crystal defects and nitrogen doping. However, further modifications to the D-CCO structure in the near future may be employed to address other environmental challenges