Molecular Simulations of the Ribosome and Associated Translation Factors

The ribosome is a macromolecular complex which is responsible for protein synthesis in all living cells according to their transcribed genetic information. Using X-ray crystallography and, more recently, cryo-electron microscopy (cryo-EM), the structure of the ribosome was resolved at atomic resolution in many functional and conformational states. Molecular dynamics simulations have added information on dynamics and energetics to the available structural information, thereby have bridged the gap to the kinetics obtained from single-molecule and bulk experiments. Here, we review recent computational studies that brought notable insights into ribosomal structure and function.Comment: 11 pages, 3 figures, to be published in Current Opinion in Structural Biolog

Influence of on the velocity .

<p>Influence of on the velocity .</p

Three-Dimensional Mixed Convection Flow of Viscoelastic Fluid with Thermal Radiation and Convective Conditions

<div><p>The objective of present research is to examine the thermal radiation effect in three-dimensional mixed convection flow of viscoelastic fluid. The boundary layer analysis has been discussed for flow by an exponentially stretching surface with convective conditions. The resulting partial differential equations are reduced into a system of nonlinear ordinary differential equations using appropriate transformations. The series solutions are developed through a modern technique known as the homotopy analysis method. The convergent expressions of velocity components and temperature are derived. The solutions obtained are dependent on seven sundry parameters including the viscoelastic parameter, mixed convection parameter, ratio parameter, temperature exponent, Prandtl number, Biot number and radiation parameter. A systematic study is performed to analyze the impacts of these influential parameters on the velocity and temperature, the skin friction coefficients and the local Nusselt number. It is observed that mixed convection parameter in momentum and thermal boundary layers has opposite role. Thermal boundary layer is found to decrease when ratio parameter, Prandtl number and temperature exponent are increased. Local Nusselt number is increasing function of viscoelastic parameter and Biot number. Radiation parameter on the Nusselt number has opposite effects when compared with viscoelastic parameter.</p></div

Influence of on the velocity .

<p>Influence of on the velocity .</p

<b>Table 2.</b> Comparative values of and for different values when

<p><b>Table 2.</b> Comparative values of and for different values when </p

Convergence of series solutions for different order of approximations when and

<p>Convergence of series solutions for different order of approximations when and </p

Values of local Nusselt number for different values of the parameters , and .

<p>Values of local Nusselt number for different values of the parameters , and .</p

Influence of R on the temperature .

<p>Influence of R on the temperature .</p

Figure 2

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Influence of A on the temperature .

<p>Influence of A on the temperature .</p