Deep eutectic solvents-based adsorbents in environmental analysis

Deep eutectic solvents (DESs), a new class of environmentally friendly solvents, are gaining more attention from researchers for extracting and separating targeted analytes from different complex samples. DESs are liquid at room temperature and contain a hydrogen bond donor and a hydrogen bond acceptor. DESs are non-volatile solvents, have excellent thermal and electrical stability, and can easily dissolve a number of organic and inorganic substances. DESs have attracted a lot of attention as new green solvents are expected to take the place of traditional organic solvents. DESs are sustainable sol-vents that concern significant interest from researchers and various industries. They are non-flammable, chemically stable, biocompatible, biodegradable, and have low volatile content. DESs have tunable physicochemical properties that can be tailored to meet the needs of a definite task. This review sum-marizes the DESs-based adsorbent materials and its preparation characterizations and application by highlighting the unique properties such as extraction and separation applications. To summarize the DESs-based applications, this review reported up-to-date data related to this field. and also provide an easy and single path to cover the DESs-based materials and its adsorption applications. This review exploits new DESs and DESs-based materials that are diversifing into extraction and separation due to the development of DESs. (c) 2022 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved

A review: Recent advances in solid phase microextraction of toxic pollutants using nanotechnology scenario

The enrichments of emergent pollutants from different compounds with complex matrix makes it critical and stimulating to develop new solid phase microextraction coatings tools with high enrichment capacities provide excellent chances for it. This review precises the used nanomaterials for the fabrication of solid phase microextraction coatings, including metal oxide nanoparticles, metal nanoparticles, carbon-based nanomaterials, and silica nanoparticles. To obtain solid phase microextraction coatings with outstanding physical performance, high enrichment capacity, anti-interference ability, and suitable fiber coating technique and supports are designated according to the assets of coating materials. In addition, the analytes influencing the enhancement effect and the factors of coating materials are summarized and explained preliminarily, promoting for the further design of cutting-edge coating materials with boosted the performance

Arsenic speciation by using emerging sample preparation techniques: a review

Arsenic is a hazardous element that causes environmental pollution. Due to its toxicological effects, it is crucial to quantify and minimize the hazardous impact on the ecology. Despite the significant advances in analytical techniques, sample preparation is still crucial for determining target analytes in complex matrices. Several factors affect the direct analysis, such as trace-level analysis, advanced regulatory requirements, complexity of sample matrices, and incompatible with analytical instrumentation. Along with the development in the sample preparation process, microextraction methods play an essential role in the sample preparation process. Microextraction techniques (METs) are the newest green approach that replaces traditional sample preparation and preconcentration methods. METs have minimized the limitation of conventional sample preparation methods while keeping all their benefits. METs improve extraction efficacy, are fast, automated, use less amount of solvents, and are suitable for the environment. Microextraction techniques with less solvent consumption, such as solid phase microextraction (SPME) solvent-free methods, and liquid phase microextraction (LPME), are widely used in modern analytical procedures. SPME development focuses on synthesizing new sorbents and applying online sample preparation, whereas LPME research investigates the utilization of new solvents

Exploration of the applications of micro/nanomotors-based smart devices in solid-phase extraction techniques

The fast rate of development in the software and electronics industries is forcing many other fields, like chemistry, to keep up; mobile labs are needed for more and more chemical processes and tests. The effective remediation of the ecosystem or water purification needs an efficient and versatile method involving rapid chemical reactions. Along with the development of smart devices and their use in daily life, micro/nanomotors (MNMs) have gained more attention from analytical chemists due to their unique characteristics. MNMs are promising candidates for future environmental treatment and separation sciences. MNMs are revolutionizing the environmental and bioanalytical sciences with their incredible versatility, ease of use, and precision. Future MNMs will replace environmental remediation equipment, smart drug delivery, portable smart biosensing de-vices, separation, catalysis, and operation in challenging environments. This review aims to explore the appli-cations of MNMs in solid-phase extraction and its future aspects

Supramolecular solvents: a review of a modern innovation in liquid-phase microextraction technique

Supramolecular solvents (SUPRASs) have rapidly gained more attention as a potential substitute to organic solvents in the sample preparation and preconcentration process. The essential properties of SUPRAS solvents (e.g., multiple binding sites, different polarity microenvironments, the opportunity to tailor their properties, etc.) these qualities offer numerous opportunities to advance innovative sample preparation and pretreatment platforms compared to the traditional solvents. Among these qualities, certain importance is placed on theoretical and practical knowledge. That has assisted in making significant developments in SUPRAS that advance our understanding of the processes behind SUPRA'S formation. The SUPRA-solute interactions that drive extractions are explored in this context to develop knowledge-based extraction techniques. This review mainly focused on the significant application of supramolecular-based solvents (SUPRASs) in microextraction techniques. SUPRASs-based liquid-phase microextraction (LPME) is an excellent tool for extracting, simple preparation, and preconcentration from complex environmental samples. SUPRASs-LPME has a wide range of applications for analyzing food, environmental samples, pharmaceuticals, and biological samples

Metal decorated silica-based core-shell magnetic nanocomposite for the solid-phase microextraction of cadmium(II) with determination by high-resolution continuum source flame atomic absorption spectrometry

The present study describes a facile and environmentally friendly hydrothermal method for the fabrication of metal decorated silica-based core-shell magnetic nanocomposite M@Si-MNCs, applied as a sustainable coating material for the solid-phase microextraction of toxic cadmium ions. M@Si-MNCs were characterized by scanning electron microscopy, X-ray-diffraction, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy and Brunauer-Emmett-Teller analyzer. Relevant parameters have been studied to obtain maximum recovery, including pH, adsorbent dosage, model solution volume, - adsorption and desorption time, and matrix effects. The developed method obtained excellent linearity from 50 to 500 mu g/L with a limit of detection of 1.2 mu g/L and a limit of quantification of 4.1 mu g/L. The new method was applied for separation, preconcentration and determination of cadmium in environmental and tobacco samples

Assessment of environmental pollutants at trace levels using ionic liquids-based liquid-phase microextraction

© 2022 TUBITAK. All rights reserved.Sample preparation is the crucial and most challenging part of analytical chemistry for the speciation of environmental pollutants’ traces. Along with the development of the sample preparation methods, the ionic liquid-based microextraction technique plays an important role. Due to the unequivocally unique “green” characteristic of ionic liquids (ILs), they owe their tunable properties, such as highly selective and high reaction efficiency, reusability, and good thermal stability, to present advancements in the sample preparation process. The ionic liquid-based microextraction techniques miniaturize the sample preparation process. Liquid phase microextraction intermediate solvents, desorption solvent extractants, and mediators have been used. They are quoting the benefits and limitations of each method. A few essential sample preparation methods covered the microextraction technique. In this context, miniaturized microextraction methods have been developed. They are generally used for their unlimited positive features, including easy, simple, and environmentally friendly; they also extract inorganic and organic species with low-cost instrumentation. This review advances the sample preparation process using ILs-based liquid phase microextraction as an intermediate solvent, extractant desorption, and mediator solvents

New Trend in the Extraction of Pesticides from the Environmental and Food Samples Applying Microextraction Based Green Chemistry Scenario: A Review

This review focused on the green microextraction methods used for the extraction of pesticides from the environmental and food samples. Microextraction techniques have been explored and applied in various fields of analytical chemistry since its beginning, as evinced by the numerous reviews published. The success of any technique in science and technology is measured by the simplicity, environmentally friendly, and its applications; and the microextraction technique is highly successive. Deliberations were attentive to studies where efforts have been made to validate the methods through the inter-laboratory comparison study to assess the analytical performance of microextraction techniques against conventional methods. Succinctly, developed microextraction methods are shown to impart significant benefits over conventional techniques. Provided that the analytical community continues to put forward attention and resources into the growth and validation of the microextraction technique, a promising future for microextraction is forecasted

Metal-doped Magnetic Graphene Oxide Nanohybrid for Solid-phase Microextraction of Copper from Environmental Samples

This study reports the usage of metal-doped graphene nanostructure (rGO@MNS)-based coating material for the selective and sensitive determination of copper(II) ions from environmental samples using solid-phase microextraction process. Prepared rGO@MNS have unique properties with high adsorption capacity and are highly selective and sensitive towards copper(II) ions extraction. The hydrothermal method has been used for the fabrication of nanostructures. Developed rGO@MNS was characterized by different analytical techniques, including FTIR, SEM, and XRD. Furthermore, the prepared material obtained a low limit of detection value with good linearity. Finally, the rGO@MNS material was successfully applied to determinate copper(II) ions from real environmental samples. The developed method was validated with the spiking addition method. The results proved the developed method contains good applicability