Investigation of Quantity, Quality and Energy Content of Indigenous Sugarcane Trash in Naoshehro Feroze District, Sindh

Quantity, characteristics, and energy content in sugarcane trash of six different indigenous sugarcane varieties were computed for their possible utilization. Results revealed that the total sugarcane trash weight percentage was 24.0% of the total sugarcane crop. Among all examined varieties, variety 240 produced the highest and the variety HS12 the lowest percentage of sugarcane trash with 28% and 18.6% respectively. Moisture and ash content were found less in brown leaves and more in the tops of sugarcane trash parts. The fixed carbon values in brown leaves, green leaves, and tops of the variety Thatta10 were the highest found, with 18.4%, 15.5%, and 17.3% respectively. Carbon element’s percentage in brown leaves of variety HS12 was the highest with 50.0% and in Thatta10 was the lowest with 43.4%. Highest heating value was found in Thatta10 with 16.0MJ/kg, which is close to the literature reported values

Analysis of sound emission using ternary blend fuel in compression ignition engine

Alternative fuel is considered to be suitable oils in diesel engines, which are well known for their ability to diminish lubricant oil debris and noise emissions. A minute research has been done to examine the long-term effects of using blend fuel. In this study, two blend fuels: diesel and waste cooking oil (DF95WCO5), and diesel, waste cooking oil and n-pentanol (DF65WCO20Pe15) were chosen and compared with diesel fuel (DF) to investigate the impact of these blends on noise emission in diesel engine. In order to evaluate the kinematic viscosity and density and determine the effect on sound pressure levels, lubrication oil samples were taken throughout the test at intervals of 20 hours. A literature review was done for the current work’s analysis of the literature on the noise emissions from diesel-waste cooking and n-pentanol fuel blends. When the engine was fueled with DF65WCO20Pe15 blend, the engine lubricating oil analysis revealed an extreme wear issue, decreased viscosity, and increased density values. The conclusion is that single cylinder diesel engines can use binary blend DF95WCO5 and ternary blend DF65WCO20Pe15 without any adjustments. DF65WCO20Pe15, in contrast to the reference fuel, achieved some superior outcomes

Impact of mustard biodiesel and clove oil additives on particulate matter emission and carbon deposition in diesel engines

Recent studies suggest that the world is facing an energy crisis due to the depletion of fossil fuel reserves. To combat this issue, researchers have turned to biodiesel, a renewable bioenergy source made from vegetable oils, microalgae, and animal fats. A recent study analysed engine parts’ particulate matter emissions and carbon deposition during the long-term use of mustard biodiesel and clove oil as antioxidants in a compression ignition engine. Three samples of fuels: DF (diesel fuel), B30 (30% mustard biodiesel and 70% DF), and biodiesel blended fuel with 3000 PPM in a single-cylinder CI engine. The use of 30% biodiesel in diesel fuel (B30) for the endurance test was based on a good mix. The engine was run for 100 h to investigate the particulate matter emissions and carbon deposition. The particulate matter emission data was collected every 25 h, and for carbon deposition, the engine’s fuel injector was turned off after 100 h of engine running. The results showed a reduction in particulate matter emissions of about 9.97%, 13.367%, 7.24%, 14.64%, 5.3%, 12.32%, 1.88%, and 7.99% for PM1, PM2.5, PM7, and PM10 in biodiesel blended fuel and biodiesel blended fuel with clove oil, respectively. The deposition of clove oil added to biodiesel blended fuel in the fuel injector has been reduced compared with the other fuels. Carbon deposition of the fuel injector was analysed through SEM and EDX tests, and the results showed that the carbon content in biodiesel blended fuel was lower than in diesel fuel. The deposition of clove oil added to biodiesel blended fuel in the fuel injector has been reduced compared with biodiesel blended fuel

Stochastic Modeling of Lift and Drag Dynamics to Obtain Aerodynamic Forces with Local Dynamics on Rotor Blade under Unsteady Wind Inflow

This contribution provides the development of a stochastic lift and drag model for an airfoil FX 79-W-151A under unsteady wind inflow based on wind tunnel measurements. Here we present the integration of the stochastic model into a well-known standard BEM (Blade Element Momentum) model to obtain the corresponding aerodynamic forces on a rotating blade element. The stochastic model is integrated as an alternative to static tabulated data used by classical BEM. The results show that in comparison to classical BEM, the BEM with stochastic approach additionally reflects the local force dynamics and therefore provides more information on aerodynamic forces that can be used by wind turbine simulation code

Experimental investigation of effects of tertiary fuel on carbon deposition and emissions level of compression ignition engine

This study investigates the effect of increasing urbanization on the demand for petroleum products, which are limited natural resources. The study evaluated the use of biodiesel and clove oil as additives in diesel fuel to reduce carbon deposition on engine parts and noise emissions. Three fuel samples were tested: B30 (30 % biodiesel and 70 % diesel), clove oil at 3000 parts per million (PPM), and D100 diesel fuel. Endurance tests were conducted at a constant load and revolution per minute (RPM) to analyze carbon deposition on engine parts as well as noise emission levels at constant and variable RPM. It was found that biodiesel blended fuel had higher carbon deposition formation compared to diesel fuel, with a deposition rate of 77.48 % for B30 and 71.84 % for D100. In contrast, when clove oil was added to biodiesel, engine part deposition was decreased compared to diesel fuel, with a deposition rate of 47.71 % for clove oil. Furthermore, the study analyzed noise emissions at four positions (left, right, back, and top) using the three fuel samples. Clove oil showed lower noise emissions compared to diesel, indicating that it can help reduce noise pollution

Investigation of Performance and Emission Characteristics of CI Engine Using Diesel and Waste Cooking Oil Blends

Reusing waste cooking oil (WCO) as fuel in compression ignition (CI) engine offers a sustainable solution for energy scarcity and environmental protection. WCO and n-pentanol ternary blends deliver are attractive prospects in utilization as bio-components and recycled components to moderately substitute diesel fuel. The current study intends to investigate the performance and emission characteristics of a single cylinder CI engine, having constant load at a uniform speed of 1300 rpm, using diesel-waste cooking oil n-pentanol blends. Blends chosen and analogized with diesel oil as reference fuel and their contents were the following: (1) D95-WCO5 (95%vol. diesel, WCO5%vol. waste cooking oil, (2) D65-WCO20-Pe15 (65%vol. diesel, 20%vol. waste cooking oil, and 15%vol. n-pentanol) and (3) D60-WCO20-Pe20 (60%vol. diesel, 20%vol. waste cooking oil and 20%vol. n-pentanol). The experimental results revealed that with the DF95-WCO5 blend the BSFC improved by 0.32%. However, with the addition of n-pentanol as a ternary blend; DF65-WCO20-Pe15 and DF60-WCO20-Pe20 resulted in improvements of 0.49% and 0.68% respectively. The BTE for DF95-WCO5 increased by 38.7%, while the increase was 39.2% for DF65-WCO20-Pe15 and 39.6% for DF60-WCO20-Pe20, which was less, as compared with diesel fuel. The lowermost level of CO discharge was achieved when the engine was fueled with DF65-WCO20-Pe15 and DF60-WCO20-Pe20, due to the highest level of saturation. CO2, in the cases of DF65-WCO20-Pe15 and DF60-WCO20-Pe20, increased, as compared to diesel fuel under the same engine operating conditions. However, the binary blend DF95-WCO5 resulted in decreased CO2 as analogized to diesel, because of incomplete combustion of the fuel. During experimental work it could be observed that the DF95-WCO5 binary blend produced higher Particulate material (PM-1, PM-2.5, PM-7 and PM-10) emissions, compared to DF100. Moreover, with the addition of n-pentanol as a ternary blend in the ratio of 15 to 20%, emission was further reduced. This indicated that direct exertion of WCO in engines must be promoted, as it is an impressive choice for waste recapture