Vitamin E and curcumin intervention on lipid-peroxidation and antioxidant defense system

The generation of free radical species may represent the negative aspect of exercise. There are a lot of data which have been shown an association between exercise and the increased free radical formation. Living cellular damage may lead human towards hasty aging and variant cancers. It is widely agreed that with increasing consumption of fruits and vegetables, decreased intake of unsaturated fat and moderate exercise will enhance fitness and improved cardiovascular health of the population in most of the developed and near-developed countries. Vitamin E and Curcumin have been known as a strong Antioxidant for prevent of the lipid peroxidation and improve the antioxidant defense system. Curcumin is a phenolic compound presented as a strong anti-oxidative, anti-inflammatory and anti-septic property, widely used in Indian medicine and culinary traditions. Recent investigation has shown that curcumin prevents lipid peroxidation and DNA strand breakage. This review have been shown the effect of the curcumin and vitamin E supplement on the lippid peroxidation and antioxidant defense system specify during the exercise

Acute toxicity study and phytochemical screening of selected herbal aqueous extract in broiler chickens.

In order to collect ethnobotanical information about growth and health promoter plants as feed additive in broiler chickens, five medicinal plants Euphorbia hirta, Solanum torvum, Zingiber officinale, Curcuma longa and Zingiber zerumbet used by traditional medical practitioners for the treatment of several ailments of microbial and non-microbial origins were investigated for phytochemical screening and acute toxicity study. A total of 30 female broiler chicks were obtained. At 21 days of age, the chicks were allocated at random into six groups. Five chickens were assigned at random to each treatment in five replicates and kept in 30 cages (one chickens per cage) till five weeks of age. Five groups were administered a single oral dose of 2,000 mg kg-1 b.wt. while 5 mL distilled water was given to the control group of birds as placebo. Phytochemical screening study showed that plant contained volatile oils, tannins, alkaloids, saponins, flavonoids. Alkaloids and steroids were only found in the aqueous extract of Euphorbia hirta. Tissues were harvested and processed for photomicrographic examinations. Macro and microscopic observations indicated no alteration in liver and kidneys of the treated birds with 2000 mg kg-1 of selected herbal plants extract. In the hematological study, a highly significant decrease was observed in AST, ALT, ALP level of broiler group receiving the aqueous extract of E. hirta 14 after of administration. Acute toxicity study indicated that water suspensions of selected herbal aqueous extract are not toxic when administered by the oral route to experimental birds at 2000 mg kg-1 b.wt. In conclusion, the results obtained in the present study are in agreement to a certain degree with the traditional uses of the plants estimated as prophylaxis against various diseases and promote of health

In vivo antinociceptive and anti-inflammatory activities of dried- and fermented-processed virgin coconut oil.

Objective: The present study was carried out to investigate the antinociceptive and anti-inflammatory activities of virgin coconut oil (VCO) produced by theMalaysian Agriculture Research and Development Institute (MARDI) using various in vivo models. Materials and Methods: Two types of VCOs, produced via standard drying (VCOA) and fermentation (VCOB) processes were used in this study. Both VCOA and VCOB were serially diluted using 1% Tween 80 to concentrations (v/v) of 10, 50 and 100%. Antinociceptive and anti- inflammatory activities of both VCOs were examined using various in vivomodel systems. The antinociceptive activity of the VCOs were compared to those of 1% Tween 80 (used as a negative control), morphine (5 mg/kg) and/or acetylsalicylic acid (100 mg/kg). Results: Both VCOA and VCOB exhibited significant (p < 0.05) dose-dependent antinociceptive activity in the acetic acid-induced writhing test. Both VCOs also exerted significant (p < 0.05) antinociceptive activity in both phases of the formalin and hot-plate tests. Interestingly, the VCOs exhibited anti-inflammatory activity in an acute (carrageenan-induced paw edema test), but not in a chronic (cotton-pellet-induced granuloma test) model of inflammation. Conclusion: The MARDI-produced VCOs possessed antinociceptive and anti-inflammatory activities. Further studies are needed to confirm these observations

Mefenamic Acid Induced Nephrotoxicity: An Animal Model

Purpose: Nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) are used for the treatment of many joint disorders, inflammation and to control pain. Numerous reports have indicated that NSAIDs are capable of producing nephrotoxicity in human. Therefore, the objective of this study was to evaluate mefenamic acid, a NSAID nephrotoxicity in an animal model. Methods: Mice were dosed intraperitoneally with mefenamic acid either as a single dose (100 or 200 mg/kg in 10% Dimethyl sulfoxide/Palm oil) or as single daily doses for 14 days (50 or 100 mg/kg in 10% Dimethyl sulfoxide/Palm oil per day). Venous blood samples from mice during the dosing period were taken prior to and 14 days post-dosing from cardiac puncture into heparinized vials. Plasma blood urea nitrogen (BUN) and creatinine activities were measured. Results: Single dose of mefenamic acid induced mild alteration of kidney histology mainly mild glomerular necrosis and tubular atrophy. Interestingly, chronic doses induced a dose dependent glomerular necrosis, massive degeneration, inflammation and tubular atrophy. Plasma blood urea nitrogen was statistically elevated in mice treated with mefenamic acid for 14 days similar to plasma creatinine. Conclusion: Results from this study suggest that mefenamic acid as with other NSAIDs capable of producing nephrotoxicity. Therefore, the study of the exact mechanism of mefenamic acid induced severe nephrotoxicity can be done in this animal model

The effect of selected sterilization methods on antibacterial activity of aqueous extract of herbal plants.

The aim of this study was to compare selected sterilization methods to maintain high susceptibility of antibacterial activities of aqueous extracts of herbal plants. Autoclave-sterilized Impregnated disk and Impregnated disk sterilized by Acrodisc syringe filter were embedded on Mueller-Hinton Agar (MHA) plates seeded with the respective test microorganisms. Among five extracts, Euphorbia hirta exhibited antibacterial activities. Autoclaving caused less damage to the antibacterial activities of the tested extract in comparison with syringe filtration

Effect of breed on cis-9, trans-11 and trans-10, cis-12 Conjugated Linoleic Acids (CLA) concentrations in milk fat of dairy cattle and the relationship of these CLA with other unsaturated C18 fatty acids

Much attention has been given to unsaturated carbon 18 fatty acids in milk, particularly conjugated linoleicacids (CLAs) which have a beneficial effect on human health. This study was undertaken to investigate theeffect of breed on cis-9, trans-11 and trans-10, cis-12 CLA isomers in the milk fat of dairy cattle and theirrelationship with other unsaturated carbon 18 fatty acids. Mafriwal (n=15) and Jersey (n=15) cows were atmid-lactation period, grazed on pasture and given 5.5kg of concentrate per head daily. The composition ofmilk fatty acid was determined using gas chromatography after the extraction of milk fat using the modifiedFolch's method. The results showed that breed had an effect on cis-9, trans-11 CLA deposition in milk fat.The level of cis-9, trans-11 CLA in milk fat of Mafriwal was significantly higher (P<0.05) than that of theJersey cows, while the levels of trans-10, cis-12 CLA were not significantly different between the two breeds.The levels of cis-9, trans-11 CLA were positively correlated with the concentration of trans 11-octadecenoic(C18:1), cis 9-octadecenoic (C18:1) and octadecatrienoic (C18:3) acids. A positive correlation was also observedbetween the levels of trans-10, cis-12 CLA and octadecatrienoic (C18:3) acid in milk fat. These results indicatedthat breed selection could be used to improve the quality of milk for human consumption

Relationship between body fat percent and maximal oxygen uptake among young adults

The present study was conducting to examine the relationship between maximum oxygen uptake (VO2max) and body fat percent among international students in Universiti Putra Malaysia. VO2max and body fat percent are importance factors at health and sport research. Twenty six male student (26 +/- 5 years old in age and 168 +/- 5 cm in high and 73 +/- 5 kg in weight) at Universiti Putra Malaysia. Maximal were participated at this investigation. Oxygen Uptake and body fat percent have been measured by the routine protocols. At the end of this research have been shown signification and negative correlation (-0.042) between the VO2max and body fat percent. Results of this investigation show that there is negative correlation between maximum oxygen uptake and body fat percent. Increase the VO2max have been shown with decrease and improve on body composition

In vitro antimicrobial activity of ethanol and water extracts of Cassia alata

Crude ethanol and water extract of leaves and barks from Cassia alata were tested in vitro against fungi, (Aspergillus fumigatus and Microsporum canis), yeast (Candida albicans) and bacteria (Staphylococcus aereus and Escherichia coli). C. albicans showed concentration-dependent susceptibility towards both the ethanol and water extracts from the barks, but resistant towards the extracts of leaves. The degree of susceptibility varied, the water extract from barks showed bigger inhibition zone than the ethanol extracts (12–16 and 10–14 mm, diameter respectively). The growth of Aspergillus fumigatus and Microsporum canis were not affected by all types of the plant extracts. Results were comparable to standard antifungal drug Tioconazole (18 mm diameter) at equivalent concentration. The anti-bacterial activity of C. alata extracts on S. aureus was detected with only the leaves extracts using water and ethanol. The water extract exhibited higher antibacterial activity than the ethanol extract from leaves (inhibition zones of 11–14 and 9–11 mm, respectively). E. coli showed resistance to all types of extracts. Based on the current findings, it can be concluded that this plant has antimicrobial activity, which is as potent as standard antimicrobial drugs against certain microorganisms

Antinociceptive, antiinflammatory and antipyretic properties of Channa striatus fillet aqueous and lipid-based extracts in rats

The present study was carried out to elucidate the antinociceptive, antiinflammatory and antipyretic properties of the aqueous and lipid-based extracts of Channa striatus fillet in rats. The antinociceptive activity was assessed using the formalin test, and the antiinflammatory and antipyretic activities were assessed using the carrageenan-induced paw edema and brewer's yeast-induced pyrexia tests, respectively. Both types of extracts were prepared in concentrations of 10%, 50% and 100% by serial dilution in distilled water or dimethyl sulfoxide, respectively, and were administered subcutaneously 30 min prior to each test. Except for the 10% aqueous extract which exhibits activity only in the early phase, the extracts were found to exhibit significant (P < 0. 05) activity in the early and late phases of the formalin test. Furthermore, the aqueous and lipid-based extracts were also found to show significant (P < 0. 05) antiinflammatory activity, with the former showing a greater effect at the lowest concentration used. The lipid-based, but not the aqueous, extract was found to have significant (P < 0.05) activity in the pyrexia test. In conclusion, the present study demonstrated that C. striatus extracts possess antinociceptive, antiinflammatory and antipyretic activities

In vitro anti-viral activity of Centella asiatica L., Curcuma longa L. and Strobilanthes crispus L. against herpes virus

Extracts of three different plant species; Curcuma longa L., Centella asiatica L. and Strobilanthes crispus L. which are used widely in Malaysian traditional medicine are investigated for antiviral activity against alpha-herpesvirus (pseudorabies virus). The methanol extract (ME) and aqueous extract (AE) were tested in three cell lines; African Green Monkey Kidney (Vero), Baby Hamster Kidney (BHK) and Rabbit Kidney (RK) cells, at non-cytotoxic concentrations. Assays were developed to determine the characteristics of anti pseudorabies virus (PrV) activities, as anti-viral attachment, anti-prophylactic and /or virucidal. All plant extracts showed marked virucidal ability and considerable prophylactic and anti-viral attachment activities. Plant ME always showed better antiviral activities than plant AE. Curcuma longa L. showed a better virucidal and prophylactic effect (with more than 70% cell viability at 25 μg/ml) for ME and AE. While Centella asiatica L. and Strobilanthes crispus L. were most active as anti-viral attachment agent with percent cell viability up to 60%. It was also found that the anti-viral activities were varies in different cell lines tested. Therefore, the extracts of all three plant species exhibited anti PrV and they could be further investigated for medical purposes