Planar SIW leaky wave antenna with electronically reconfigurable E-and H-plane scanning

This paper reports on a novel technique of switching radiation characteristics electronically between E-and H-planes of planar Substrate Integrated Waveguide Leaky Wave Antennas (SIW-LWAs). The leaky wave mode is achieved through increasing the pitch of bounding metallic via posts on one side of SIW transmission section. The radiation switching is achieved by extending the top and bottom metallic planes to a distance of 1 mm along the leakage side. The extended section acts as a parallel plate section which is conveniently connected or disconnected from the leaking side of SIW through PIN diodes. The ‘ON’ state of PIN diodes extends the metal guides and results in the H-plane leakage whereas ‘OFF’ state of PIN diodes truncates the extended metal earlier and alter the leakage line boundary condition towards E-plane. The whole concept is validated by series of simulations followed by the realization and testing of the SIW-LWA. The measured radiation pattern scans about 54° in the E-plane between 10.0 GHz to 11.7 GHz, and 58° in the H-plane from 9 GHz to 10.6 GHz. The proposed topology is a suitable candidate for remote sensing and airborne applications

Islamic education in Malaysia: a critical analysis of its evolution and relevance

The arrival of Islam in Malay world inspired the locals to acquire the knowledge of Islam and provide their children Islamic education. For that purpose, hut type institutes were built which have become the major source of Islamic education. This system was known as pondok, went through several phases of reformation and transformation. This paper aims to analyze the development and evolution of Islamic education and its relevance in terms of its implications, focusing on pondok system in Malaysia. To carry out this task, explorative study design was adopted and historical background of pondok and its development were analysed. In addition, a comparative method of analysis was followed to determine the nature of evolution and relevance of Islamic education in Malaysia. The study found that due to the dynamic role of Islamic educational system in the development of society equipped with Islamic values, it remained an essential part of Malay culture, until today. This study also analyzes that how far the Islamic philosophy of education was implemented in religious institutes which encourages the complete development of a person, be it physical, intellectual or spiritual. This paper concludes that graduates of Islamic institutes have significant contribution in the development of society, though, existing system requires further improvements. Hence, there is a need to implement a comprehensive and holistic Islamic educational system which should be based on Islamic philosophical foundation established on Islamic worldview

MySejahtera App and Privacy Concern: A Maqasid Perspective

Amid privacy concerns and cyber security, a conflict of interest is noted in the use of the MySejahtera app as the importance of mass surveillance clashes with protection of individual privacy. In maqāṣidic parlance, it can be portrayed as per the aspect of protection of life (ḥifẓ al-nafs) appears conflicting with the objective of protection of dignity and privacy (ḥifẓ al-ʿirḍ wa al-sirr). However, the Maqāṣid al-Sharīʿah and Qawāʿid al-Fiqhiyyah explain the methods to overcome the conflicting situations and draws the line that where the privacy is breached, there it mandatorily needs to be minimized as much as possible. This study seeks to explore these dimensions, seeing the exigencies on the ground and streamlining maqāṣidic principles as juristic guidance. It finds out that present and future use of the MySejahtera needs to be cautiously arranged in order to prevent the otherwise potential threats it poses to the fundamental rights of citizens

A new framework for the unity of Muslims: some reflections

The phenomenon of the presence of Muslims all over the world by naturalization and migration is being understood in terms of a new concept, “Transnational Islam” for the united Muslim Ummah. The sense of the unity of Muslim Ummah has been always integral to Muslim conscience throughout the ages. Transnational Islam, it is expected, being a modern rubric, will create, on one side, the sense of oneness of Ummah in the presence of so many nationalities and, on the other, loyalty to individual countries. It would be helpful to face multi-dimensional challenges posed by the modern world for Muslims and humanity. To face and overcome the impending challenges, the Muslims need to study their current phenomena afresh but in the light of the teachings and spirit of the Qur’an and Sunnah. They also need to come up with a realistic and practical framework. This proposal, therefore, identifies obstacles and suggests as solution, the regeneration of the revivalist intellectual tradition of Islam and its framework

THE WAVE EQUATION AND GENERAL PLANE WAVE SOLUTIONS IN FRACTIONAL SPACE

Abstract—This work presents the analytical solution of vector wave equation in fractional space. General plane wave solution to the wave equation for fields in source-free and lossless media is obtained in fractional space. The obtained solution is a generalization of wave equation from integer dimensional space to a non-integer dimensional space. The classical results are recovered when integer-dimensional space is considered. 1

Electromagnetic Fields and Waves in Fractional Dimensional Space

This book presents the concept of fractional dimensional space applied to the use of electromagnetic fields and waves. It provides demonstrates the advantages in studying the behavior of electromagnetic fields and waves in fractal media. The book presents novel fractional space generalization of the differential electromagnetic equations is provided as well as a new form of vector differential operators is formulated in fractional space. Using these modified vector differential operators, the classical Maxwell's electromagnetic equations are worked out. The Laplace's, Poisson's and Helmholtz'sThis book presents the concept of fractional dimensional space applied to the use of electromagnetic fields and waves.  It demonstrates the advantages in studying  the behavior of electromagnetic fields and waves in fractal media. The book presents novel fractional space generalization of the differential electromagnetic equations as well as a new form of vector differential operators in fractional space. Using these modified vector differential operators, the classical Maxwell's electromagnetic equations are worked out. The Laplace's, Poisson's and Helmholtz's equations in fractional space are derived by using modified vector differential operators

Electrically tunable Goos–Hänchen shift from epsilon-near-zero (ENZ) structure with graphene

In this paper, we have studied electrically tunable Goos–Hänchen shift (GHS) for TM/p polarized light wave incident on a multilayered epsilon-near-zero (ENZ) structure containing graphene. Transfer matrix method has been used to obtain GHS for the multilayered structure composed of three slabs. We have studied the impact of changing Fermi energy, incident angle and graphene layer position on the obtained GHS. We observed that by adjusting the Fermi energy, the direction of GHS in the multilayered structure can be changed. Moreover, the imaginary part of graphene conductivity affects the magnitude and sign of GHS while real part of conductivity is closely linked with Brewster angle position. Besides, we have discussed the effect of changing permittivity of slabs and number of graphene layers on the obtained GHS. Published results for single epsilon-near-zero (ENZ) slab were recovered by using equal slab permittivity and zero conductivity for graphene. The results presented in this work will help in designing optical sensors using multilayered ENZ medium