Oxygen Saturation Diagnostic Accuracy Against COVID-19 in Rural Areas of Indonesia

As a country with a high proportion of rural areas, Indonesia continues to struggle with a rapid and accurate diagnosis of COVID-19, necessitating the development of a diagnostic tool or parameter that is less expensive, easier to obtain, and produces rapid results. This retrospective study aimed to explore the diagnostic accuracy of oxygen saturation in detecting COVID-19 in rural areas of Indonesia. Data were collected consecutively  from medical records of adult patient (30 – 90 years old) suspected of having COVID-19 based on the WHO criteria and  underwent RT-PCR swab test in three (3) hospitals in one of the regions of Indonesia during the timeframe of May 1, 2020 to September 31, 2021. Analysis was conducted using the cross-table analysis with sensitivity, specificity, positive predictive value, negative predictive value, and area under the curve (AUC) as the variables with their respective confidence interval. Results indicated that 548 of 700 patients included in the analysis were confirmed positive for COVID-19 based on the RT-PCR test results. The sensitivity, specificity, positive predictive value, negative predictive value, and area under the curve (AUC) value of oxygen saturation for detecting COVID-19 were 33% (CI 95% 29 – 37%), 78% (CI 95% 72 – 85) %), 84% (CI 95% 80 – 89%), 24% (CI 95% 21 – 28%), and 56% (CI 95% 51– 61%), respectively.  Thus,  the oxygen saturation level alone does not have adequate diagnostic accuracy for the diagnosis of COVID-19 and, therefore, is not recommended to be used for diagnosing COVID-19

Oligoasthenoteratozoospermia After Trial of Testicular Salvaging Surgery in Testicular Torsion: A Case Report

Testicular torsion (TT) is an emergency in urology that happens because of the spermatic cord’s rotation. Decreased of overall sperm parameters after TT often happens in which can endanger the patient’s fertility status. Approach on how to salvage the testicle and to prevent unwanted complications remains as the doctor’s greatest priority. We report a case of oligoasthenoteratozoospermia after surgical detorsion without orchidectomy in testicular torsion. A 19-year-old male, presenting with sudden, progressive, and continuous pain in the right testicle for 4 hours. The right testicle was larger in volume on physical examination, there were a negative phren sign and negative cremasteric reflex. Gray scale ultrasound without Doppler showed changes suggestive of testicular torsion. Emergency surgery revealed a dark-bluish right testicle with a 360o rotation of the spermatic cord. Detorsion without orchidectomy was performed with clinical judgment hoping for the restoration of testicular viability. Sperm analysis was done after one month and oligoasthenoteratozoospermia was found. Although some patients experience decreased overall sperm parameters after TT that perhaps making them infertile, interestingly there is no difference in pregnancy rates among couples with TT men when compared to the general population. The best testicular salvage surgery method to prevent testicular atrophy also has not been determined yet. Thus, the patient should be carefully counseled about the good outcome of pregnancy rate and the chance for testicular atrophy, regardless of what is the surgical choice

Oxygen Saturation Diagnostic Accuracy Against COVID-19 in Rural Areas of Indonesia

As a country with a high proportion of rural areas, Indonesia continues to struggle with a rapid and accurate diagnosis of COVID-19, necessitating the development of a diagnostic tool or parameter that is less expensive, easier to obtain, and produces rapid results. This retrospective study aimed to explore the diagnostic accuracy of oxygen saturation in detecting COVID-19 in rural areas of Indonesia. Data were collected consecutively  from medical records of adult patient (30 – 90 years old) suspected of having COVID-19 based on the WHO criteria and  underwent RT-PCR swab test in three (3) hospitals in one of the regions of Indonesia during the timeframe of May 1, 2020 to September 31, 2021. Analysis was conducted using the cross-table analysis with sensitivity, specificity, positive predictive value, negative predictive value, and area under the curve (AUC) as the variables with their respective confidence interval. Results indicated that 548 of 700 patients included in the analysis were confirmed positive for COVID-19 based on the RT-PCR test results. The sensitivity, specificity, positive predictive value, negative predictive value, and area under the curve (AUC) value of oxygen saturation for detecting COVID-19 were 33% (CI 95% 29 – 37%), 78% (CI 95% 72 – 85) %), 84% (CI 95% 80 – 89%), 24% (CI 95% 21 – 28%), and 56% (CI 95% 51– 61%), respectively.  Thus,  the oxygen saturation level alone does not have adequate diagnostic accuracy for the diagnosis of COVID-19 and, therefore, is not recommended to be used for diagnosing COVID-19