Revolution of Biotechnology in Finishing Sector of Textile

This paper aims to provide the latest information on developments & applications of biotechnology in finish sector of textile. Textile finishing is one of the main sectors of textile which have always been focused in terms of advancements due to its versatility, high & functional value addition aspects. Bio-technology is replacing all harsh chemicals from wet processing of textile, therefore, term “Revolution” is used which seems much true & sustainable in near future. Key words: bio-Catalyst, Enzymes, Biotechnology, Laccas

Modern Biotechnological Pre-treatment Techniques

Sustainable processing is now becoming compliance for the Textile industries. Bio-processing is the one of the eco-label fields in the modern technologies. Therefore, this article mainly focuses on new research on biological treatments for pretreatment sector of cellulosic substrate for eco-friendly processes and eco balancing by using various enzymes, instead of harsh & hazardous chemicals. In addition, the future trends in the biotechnology are also discussed in the end of this paper. This paper presents also short introduction to the method of new bio-processes. Biotechnology can be used in new production processes that are themselves less polluting than the traditional processes and microbes or their enzymes are already being used to degrade toxic wastes. The use of enzymes in the textile chemical processing is rapidly gaining  globally recognition because of their non-toxic and eco-friendly characteristics with the  increasingly important requirements for textile manufactures to reduce pollution in textile  production The reduction in pollution load represents a major option for potentially decreasing both the environmental impacts as well as the treatment costs. Keywords: Biological Treatment, AMG-Amyloglucosidase/Pullanase Mixture

Continuous Washing Parameters and Their Effects on Pre-Treatment Results

This paper presents some practical hints of an efficient washing in a continuous process for pre-treated fabrics. The work was performed in a well known Textile mill in Karachi, Pakistan. The study was done to determine effect of some important parameters to save on water and energy (steam and electricity) consumption. Important variable washing parameters such as temperature, water flow rate and speed (which are based on hydrodynamics & mass transfer principles) of the continuous washing range have been discussed & and their effects on TEGEWA, absorbency, pH & whiteness results have been reported with reference of standardize testing methods. Especially, this paper includes; the washing theory & principles & effective & efficient washing factors; which are explained in the simplest way with industrial standard calculations & experiments. Key Words: TEGEWA, Diffusion Washing, Water Flow rate, Absorbency, Cold Pad Batch, Turbulence (Mechanical Agitation)

INTELLECTUAL CAPITAL PRACTICES AND FINANCIAL EFFICIENCY: A MEDIATING ROLE OF BANKS’ PERFORMANCE: EVIDENCE FROM THE BANKING SECTOR OF PAKISTAN

The study attempts to examine the impact of intellectual capital(IC) practices (i.e. human capital, structural capital and relationalcapital practices) on financial efficiency through mediating the roleof bank performance. We collected data for 518 banks’ professionalsthrough questionnaire and use the direct path way and multipleregression to examine the impact of IC practices on mediating variable(bank performance) and mediating variable on dependent variable(financial efficiency). The results reveal that the proposed hypothesesare statistically significant (p<0.01) and that banks’ performancepartially mediates the relationship between IC practices and banks’financial efficiency. This study provides valuable insights on theimpact of IC practices on financial efficiency of banks throughmediation of bank performance. The tested theoretical relationshipreveals that banks which are more involved in IC practices get betterresults than their competitors

Development of Dynamic Modeling and Fuzzy Logic System by Classical and Modern Strategies for the Control of Quadcopter

Quadcopters or Drones have multiple applications for different purpose such as investigation, assessment, exploration, rescue and decreasing the human strength in an adverse situation. Unmanned air vehicles (UAV) is designed with four propellers to resolve the issue of constancy however it will make the drone further more complex for the dynamic modelling and for the control system. In this research, smart controller is intended to regulate the attitude of drone. Simulation ideal model and fuzzy logic control approach is formulated to implement for four elementary motions i.e. roll, pitch, yaw, and height of our drone for the application of earth-quake. The key objective of this research paper is to develop the anticipated output as compare to the desired input

Wheat Straw Optimization via its Efficient Pretreatment for Improved Biogas Production

The complex indigenous configuration of non-bio-labile wheat straw necessitates its pretreatment to optimize the breakdown of its structural components for its ultimate conversion into biogas by means of anaerobic digestion. In this research work, wheat straw was pretreated with potassium hydroxide (KOH) to facilitate its improved biodegradability. The pretreatment of wheat straw was also obvious in terms of its crystallinity resulting in the improved amorphous regions compared to the control wheat straw. The results showed that pretreated wheat straw digestion transpired into comparatively higher removal of TS (86%), VS (89%) and total lignin, cellulose and hemicellulose (22%) than that obtained with control wheat straw. Maximum biogas production accrued was 1550 mLN per day with optimized dosing of KOH compared to 967 mLN per day obtained with control wheat straw, implying that the cumulative biogas production was improved by 45% using pretreated wheat straw than that using control wheat straw. These results suggested that pretreated wheat straw digestion led to a significant improvement in the biogas yield

LINKING EMPOWERMENT AND CAPABILITY DEVELOPMENT WITH INNOVATIVE BEHAVIOR: TESTING A MODERATING MODEL OF EMPLOYEE’S CREATIVE SELF-EFFICACY

The purpose of this study is to investigate the effect ofempowerment and capability development on employee’s innovative behavior. We also examine the moderating effect of worker’s creative self-efficacy. The software developers working in IT firms have been selected for this study. The data were collected randomly from200 software developers by using questionnaires. The results indicate that empowerment and capability development is significantly and positively related with employee’s innovative behavior. Furthermore, the analysis revealed that employee’s creative self-efficacy moderatesthe empowerment and capability development relationship withemployee’s innovative behavior. The results of the study are novel and productive for the top management of the IT sector. The study provides insight into employee’s innovative behavior and suggests how organizations can boost innovations by empowerment is consistence with effective capability development programs

Mother Schooling and Malnutrition among Children of Rural-Urban Pakistan

Background: Although many causes of malnutrition are discussed in previous studies, the impact of mother schooling on malnutrition among children of rural-urban Pakistan and mediating factors is not posited in case of Pakistan. Hence, this study examine the effect of mother schooling and intervening linkages on acute and chronic malnutrition. Methods: The prior empirical relationship is examined by calculating adjusted risk-ratio with the help of binary logistic regression analyses using a sample size of 3184 rural-urban mothers retrieved from the latest Pakistan Demographic and Health Survey 2012-13 (PDHS). Results: The urban mothers without education are more likely to have stunted and underweighted infants as compared to rural ones. Rural (urban) mothers with poor (moderate) economic position have more chances of having stunted infants than urban (rural) mothers. However, only urban mothers with poor status have more chances of having underweight kids relative to mothers with rich class. The rural mothers with empowerment and with seeking for medical services are less likelihood to have stunted infants than urban ones. Value of the Study: The impact of mediating factors arising from education on rural infants’ health is higher than that on urban infant

THE IMPACT OF MUTUAL FUND’S CHARACTERISTICS ON MANAGEMENT EXPENSES – EVIDENCE FROM PAKISTANI MUTUAL FUND INDUSTRY

Mutual funds were investigated and studied with primaryfocus on the performance of funds in Pakistan. However, a key feature i.e. management expense ratio of mutual funds has not been analyzed in detail in Pakistan. The study reviewed various factors/elements which impact on the management expense ratio(MER) of mutual funds including the life of the fund, asset size, objective of the fund and the fund family. The study examines the impact of these factors along with their relationship on the cost associated with the funds. The conclusion is that all stated factors except fund family have a significant impact on the MER